Britain, Booklet 1, SLAVE TRADE Flashcards
Capture of slaves :
- Leaders took advantage of parents absences to kidnap children.
- Got lured out with red cloth onto the ship.
The middle passage : Could be more than ____ on each ship, __.% died on each journey and __.% died on arrival…
600 slaves, 12.5% on journey, 4.5% on arrival.
- Slaves lay chained to on planks.
- Closeness meant there was lots of disease and a horrible stench.
Auctions :
- Slaves were examined by merchants and planters.
- Pent up together like sheep.
- Washed and shaved, sometimes oiled to look more healthy.
- Buyers grabbed who they wanted.
Plantations : When slavery ended in the WI a total slave imports of over __ million left a surviving _________. In US, _________ to __ million…
West Indies, 2 million, 670,000.
BUT in US, 500,000 slaves imported over the centuries had grown to almost 4 million (highlights how poor conditions were).
- Alone, separated from families.
- Work was physically and mentally exhausting.
- Stripped of identity, done deliberately to make them passive.
Punishments :
- Cart whipping, breaking of bones, an iron crook around the neck etc.
- One man had his leg chopped off for running away.
Profits : Some voyages made __-__% profit, between 1700-1800 Liverpool population rose from ______ to ________…
20-50%. 1700-1800 from 5,000 to 78,000.
- Plantation owners : vast profits could be made by using unpaid workers.
- Ports : Bristol + Liverpool were major ports, fitted out slave ships, handled cargoes etc.
- Bankers : Grew rich from fees and interest they earned from merchants who borrowed money.
The slave trade provided jobs for ordinary people, Birmingham had over ______ gun-makers with ________ guns a year going to slave-traders…
4,000 gun-makers, 100,000 gun.
- Many people worked in these factories that sold their goods to West Africa.
- Slave labour also made goods e.g. sugar more affordable for Brits.
(Humanitarian) In the 18th century there was an increasing belief that… e.g. _________ hospitals.
Foundling hospitals helped the disadvantaged children.
- All humans were fundamentally the same and should be treated equally. Turned some peoples attention to the slave trade.
(Religious Society of Friends) Quakers were a … formed in _____… Had opposed the slave trade since…
Religious group, formed in 1650. Since 1657.
- Based on the idea that God could be found in everyone, so you should not harm anyone.
Quakers, in 17__, distributed ________ of their pamphlet…
1784, 10,000.
- “The case of our fellow creatures…”
- Gave a voice to women who were excluded from politics.
- Were well organised, provided an effective challenge to slavery.
Quakers negatives :
- People were moving away from religion.
- They were ignored by everyone, as they were outsiders from society and were banned from being politicians.
- They had no one in parliament to voice their ideas.
Evangelical Christians believed in…
The strength of repentance as a means of salvation.
- Saw the slave trade as a sinful practice that should be stopped.
Evangelical Christians people :
Granville Sharp, Thomas Clarkson and William Wilberforce (MP).
Granville Sharp, in 17___ a beaten…
1767, beaten slave called Jonathon Strong arrived at his doorstep.
- After helping his health he found Strong work and successfully defended him in court when his master sought to re-enslave him.
The Society for… was founded in _____…
The Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, in 1787, forced discussion in Parliament in 1788.
Granville Sharps Sierra Leone project… In the first __ months, ____ died…
Believed black community should be able to create a land free of slaves.
- Gov supported this, gave £12 per African towards transport costs.
- Many believed it was just to get black people to move out of England.
- In the first 4 months, 122 died due to poor planning which lead to famines/malaria.
The Zong case, 17__, sailed from Africa with ____ slaves, after 3 months more than ___ were already dead, in total ____ thrown overboard…
1783, 440 slaves, from Africa to Jamaica.
- Captain Collingwood.
- After 3 months more than 60 were dead.
- In total 133 thrown overboard.
(The Zong Case) Slaves were insured at…
£30 a head, if slaves died due to ‘perils of the sea’ insurance covered the loss.
- Captain Collingwood.
- Were told to blame it on water running out if they were asked…
(The Zong Case) During trial it was discovered that there were ____ gallons spare water…
420 gallons, so this was not the reason for the slaves being thrown overboard.
- Granville Sharpe gathered evidence to try and prosecute crew for murder.
- Lord Mansfield said ‘just as if horses were killed’ and that it was not a murder case.
The Society for Effecting… aimed to…
Raise awareness amongst the public and apply political pressure to the Gov by raising petitions and bills in the House of Commons.
(Humanitarian) In 179__, people had signed more than ____ petitions…
1792, 519 petitions that year.
(Humanitarian) In Manchester, a town of _________, in 17___, ________ people had signed an abolition petition…
Town of 50,000, in 1787, 10,700 signed a petition.
(Humanitarian) Abolitionists maintained their relevance, such that an abolition bill was presented every year from 17__-__by…
1791-99, William Wilberforce (MP for Hull).
- Whilst they were unsuccessful, they reminded everyone of the continued pressure + work of the society.
(Opposition) ___% of Britons income was dependent on the slave trade and it’s associated industries…
24%.
- Meaning the societies task was very difficult and their opponents were powerful and rich.
(Opposition) West India Lobby (a group of….) whose business depended on the slave trade, by the 17___s, there were approx __ MP’s closely linked to the WIL…
Sugar Planters.
- 1790’s 50 approx. One becoming the Mayor of London.
The Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Salve Trade extensive educational campaign lasted more than…
20 years.
- Helped spread ideas across the country.
Liverpool was… it claimed __/__ of European trade…
3/7 of European trade.
- The ‘slaving capital’, and the apex of the triangular trade.
- However, it was not a major site for the sale of slaves.
Following the abolition of the slave trade, Liverpool placed itself at the forefront of…
The campaign (which achieved success in 1833) to abolish slavery itself within the British colonies.
Decision was made to concentrate not on slavery but on…
Ending the Atlantic slave trade.
- Because aiming for both would of been near impossible.
Focusing on just ending the Atlantic Slave Trade gave them hope that…
Stopping the import of slaves would simultaneously improve conditions in West Indian slave planters since they would no longer be able to replace slaves they treated poorly with African slaves.
Wedgewood’s famous cameo medallion said…
‘Am I not a man and a brother?’.
- Showed the porcelian businesses support in the Abolition.
- Josiah Wedgewood believed it was utterly immoral.
Dolbens Act of 17__…
1788 restricted the number of Africans allowed to be carried on a British slave ship.
- Also stipulated that they should carry a doctor.
- Also, provided incentives to lower death rate among transported Africans.
The number of signatures to abolitionist petitions far outnumbered…
other petitions to parliament for Parliamentary reform.
18__ Emancipationist petition contained more signatures than either petitions for Parliamentary reform in 18__/__…
1833, 1831-32…
- Pretty popular shared belief in public.
- Few doubted the integrity of petitions.
The abolitionist movement was soon renowned for it’s size…
Started to attract a much broader constituency.
- Many public meetings, people often listened to visiting abolitionists speak.
Petitioning campaign was a successful form of…
Exerting popular pressure on the government.
- Helped express extra-parliamentary pressure on a public issue.
It’s been estimated that from 17__-__, petitions against the slave trade were signed by . million out of the ___ million Britons…
1787-92, 1.5 million of the 12 million Britons.
- (Almost 1/6 of the total population).
Abolition was popular among…
Young women.
- Who later in the 1820/30’s organized many ladies committees against slavery.
Initial discussions about the nature of the slave trade took place at virtually the same time… ___ years after ___…
That the US, constitutional decided to prohibit slave imports for 21 years after 1787.
- Parliament would of been aware of this, making it clear that these issues could no longer be ignored.
(Significance of economic and financial factors) Infrastructure related to slave trade generated much wealth, there were _________ slave voyages in the 18th century…
35,000 slave voyages in the 18th century.
- This meant shipbuilding and out-fitting businesses grew.
- Also would have to employ military people for these boats.
(GAVE PEOPLE JOBS)
(Significance of economic and financial factors) Slave ports became centres of wealth, in Bristol in the 17__’s, ___% of peoples income…
1780’s, 40% of peoples income was slave based.
(DEVELOPED CITIES DUE TO PORTS)
