Britain 8- Ireland Flashcards
Who was Patrick Pearse?
A republican who joined the Irish volunteers and later helped plan the Easter rising
How many men broke away from the Irish volunteers and what group/ individual did they join? (Didn’t agree with war effort)
10,000 and took the name the ‘Irish volunteers’ and lead by MacNeill
What were the Irish volunteers renamed and under which leader?
National Volunteers under John Redmond
Who were the key figures in the plan for the water rising?
Tom Clarke, Patrick Pearse, James Connolly and Sean McDermott
What happened initially during the Easter rising?
1000 armed rebels seized the general post office in Dublin on Easter Monday and posted up a signed proclamation announcing the establishment of the Irish Republic.
Why did the Eater rising fail?
The hope for invasion by German forces and national uprising by the Irish people did not happen
What was the outcome of the seizure of the general post office?
It was bombarded and destroyed and fierce fighting spread throughout the city. 450 people died, 2600 wounded
What year was the Easter rising?
1916
What happened to the leaders of the Easter rising?
Executed
What was the Irish reaction to British methods of dealing with the Easter rising?
Felt British were harsh and mistreated prisoners and civilians so caused a hatred towards British rule
Which group gained popularity as a result of the Easter rising?
Sinn Fein
What did Lloyd George do after the Easter rising in an attempt to achieve a compromise agreement on Ireland?
Negotiated with Redmond (Irish Nationalist leader) and Carson (the Leader of the Ulster Unionists) and appeared to secure a settlement which was called the ‘Heads of Agreement’
What did the ‘Heads of Agreement’ grant?
Immediate home rule of the 26 counties of Southern Ireland with Ulster still remaining part of the UK until after the war
Who rejected the ‘Heads of Agreement’ and why?
Unionist members of the coalition cabinet who believed DLG was going too far to appease the Irish Nationalists
Why was conscription never applied in Ireland?
Although Ulster strongly demanded conscription to rest of Ireland we’re very opposed
How did the Irish who opposed conscription display their opposition?
-Irish national party walked out of the House of Commons and went to Dublin, where, in alliance with Sinn Fein, they organised a nationwide campaign against it. - a one day strike mounted by Irish trade unions
-the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland denounced conscription as oppressive and inhumane
What was the result of the 1918 general election in Ireland?
Overwhelming victory for Sinn Fein and the virtual destruction of the Irish parliamentary party
How many seats did Sinn Fein and the Parliamentary party won in the General election of 1918?
Sinn Fein-73 seats
The parliamentary party- 6 (compared with 68 in 1910)
Who was elected president of Sinn Fein in 1917?
Éamon de Valera
After gaining the Irish majority, how did Sinn Fein oppose the UK parliament?
after the 1918 election, Its MPs decided not to take their seats in the HOC, refusing to recognise the authority of the UK parliament over Ireland. Instead, they summoned their MPs to constitute themselves as the parliament of the Irish Republic
What was the Parliament of the Irish Republic also known as?
The Dáil
What the the Dàil demand and set up and under who?
Demanded an English withdrawal from Ireland and set up a provisional govt under De Valera
What did the Irish provisional govt do?
Established its own courts of law and collected taxes
What did the British government declare illegal in 1919?
Sinn Fein and the Dail
What group did DLG recruit to deal with the IRA?
‘Black and Tans’
Why did the Irish hate the ‘black and Tans’?
Due to their brutal tactics
Who put pressure in the coalition for a change of policy and condemned British actions?
USA, League of Nations and The Dominions
What act provided a parliament in Belfast to govern the six counties of Ulster and lead to a separate Northern Ireland being established?
The December 1920 Government of Ireland Act
What terms did DLG propose as part of the Anglo- Irish treaty?
Ireland become a self- governing dominion of the British empire, British still able to use Irish ports as naval bases and use Irish harbours during wartime and six counties of Northern Ireland would continue as part of UK with their own parliament and administration
How did he convince Sinn Fein to sign the Anglo- Irish treaty?
Convinced them that Ulster remain separate as it was so small and unviable it would soon join the United Ireland, also pointed out that this could be their last chance for a settlement as if it failed he would have to resign and Bonar Law would take over (opposed to home rule)
When was the Anglo-Irish treaty signed?
December 1921
when was the war of independence?
1919-21
what did the number of deaths reach during war of independence?
1000
what was the conflict of the war of independence described as?
terror and counter-terror
how many sinn fein clubs were there throughout Ireland with how many members by 1917?
1200 clubs with total of around 250,000 members
