Britain 4- Challenges and crises

Question 1

why was the general election of January 1910 called?

Answer 1

after the Lords vetoed Lloyd George’s budget

Question 2

why did the Lords veto Lloyd George’s budget?

Answer 2

saw the ideas of redistributive taxation and of progressive taxation as an attack on the rich

Question 3

who won the 1910 general election?

Answer 3

Liberals

Question 4

who did the Liberals have to rely on to pass the budget and how did they gain this extra support?

Answer 4

the Irish Nationalists were willing to give their support in return for an tick on the House of Lords (wanted to weaken the HOL to achieve home rule)

Question 5

what did the 1910 parliament bill propose?

Answer 5

-HOL had no power to veto
-max period between general elections reduced from 7 to 5 years

Question 6

what were the results of the December 1910 election?

Answer 6

Liberals won again with their reliance on support from the Irish Nationalists and Labour

Question 7

what year did the commons pass the Parliament Bill?

Answer 7

1911

Question 8

what was founded in 1897 that became the focus for most women’s suffrage societies and by who?

Answer 8

NUWSS (the National Union of Women’s suffrage societies) by Millicent Fawcett

Question 9

what methods did members of the NUWSS believe in?

Answer 9

non- violent methods (e.g. discussions, processions, petitions, and public meetings.

Question 10

how many members and societies did the NUWSS have by 1914?

Answer 10

500,000 members and 400 societies

Question 11

which union was formed in 1903 and by who?

Answer 11

WSPU (Women’s social and political union) by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters

Question 12

what methods did the WSPU use and what were they known as?

Answer 12

campaign of disruption, the suffragettes

Question 13

what happened on ‘Black Friday’ and when?

Answer 13

300 suffragettes tried to storm the lobby of the HOC

Question 14

what happened to the two conciliation bills?

Answer 14

carried by the commons but the govt refused to carry them any further

Question 15

name two examples of illegal methods employed by both suffragists and suffragettes

Answer 15

tax evasion and resistance to the census of 1911

Question 16

give 3 examples of violent methods of protest used by the WSPU

Answer 16

smashing windows of shops and govt buildings, attacking paintings and chaining themselves to the railing of Buckingham palace

Question 17

what did the suffragettes do in prison to protest?

Answer 17

hunger strike

Question 18

why was the legislation for womens votes delayed?

Answer 18

govt was unwilling to give parliamentary time to a measure that many Liberals believed would benefit the conservatives more

Question 19

what was the conservative view on the issue of womens suffrage?

Answer 19

they were divided with leadership seeing tactical advantages but most Tory backbenchers opposed it

Question 20

what year did Asquith and the cabinet accept the principle of female suffrage?

Answer 20

1912

Question 21

why and how did the suffragettes step up their military campaign?

Answer 21

because the amendment to the plural voting bill which gave the vote to certain categories of women could not be passed so the suffragettes set fire to post boxes, churches and railway stations + physically attacking cabinet ministers

Question 22

who threw themselves in front of the king’s horse and when?

Answer 22

Emily Davison, 1913 Derby

Question 23

why did the Pankhursts start to lose support?

Answer 23

their violent tactics

Question 24

what was the ‘cat and mouse act’ and when was it passed?

Answer 24

allowed the release from prison of women who were weak from hunger striking ad were re-imprisoned once they had recovered. 1913

Question 25

why did the campaigners for suffrage ultimately fail to achieve their objectives by 1914?

Answer 25

-failed to allay the fears of the Liberal government and had hardened their resistance through militant tactics
-failed to convince the majority of voters (British men)

Question 26

which home rule bill began its process in 1912 and what did it give Ireland?

Answer 26

third home rule bill gave Ireland its own parliament with power to make laws purely on Irish matters.

Question 27

who opposed home rule? (2 groups)

Answer 27

conservatives and Ulster unionists

Question 28

when the 3rd home rule bill passed the HOC who formed an army to resist it and what was it called?

Answer 28

Edward Carson, Ulster Volunteer force

Question 29

how did the Irish Nationalists counter the Ulster Volunteer force?

Answer 29

created their Own militia

Question 30

why was home rule suspended?

Answer 30

WW1

Question 31

when did industrial unrest occur?

Answer 31

1910-1914

Question 32

3 reasons for industrial unrest

Answer 32

By 1912 cost of living 14 percent higher than in 1906, gap between rich and poor was widening with an increased awareness of inequalities due to Rowntree and Booth, many unions had joined together to form federations (miners federation that gave them more power

Question 33

Give 3 examples of obstacles in regard to female emancipation in 1906

Answer 33

Liberals did not fully support the bill
Issue of some men still not able to vote
Not all women supported the idea of suffrage

Question 34

what were the impacts of the constitutional crisis over the 1911 parliament act?

Answer 34

-Lords could now only delay legislation important to commons
-Liberals able to move forward with legislative programme of reform
-crisis divided conservatives so Balfour had to resign in Nov 1911 (Bonar Law succeeded)
-Parliament act made constitution more democratic

Question 35

what were the two constitutional crisis a result of?

Answer 35

first: (1909-10) over ‘peoples budget’
second: (1910-11) over the parliament act

Question 36

what date did the lords veto DLG’s budget? and why was this significant?

Answer 36

Nov 1909, the convention that the Lords shouldnt interfere with money bills was broken

Question 37

what did Carson draw up in 1912?

Answer 37

the Ulster covenant protesting against the introduction by the British govt of the 3rd HR bill. 1000s signed in their own blood

Question 38

how did Carson’s supporters continue to fight back against the 3rd HR bill?

Answer 38

smuggled 30,000 rifles and 3 mill rounds of ammunition into the Irish port of Larne and were offered support from Bonar Law

Question 39

what mutiny was in 1914 and what occurred?

Answer 39

the ‘Curragh Mutiny’, British officers commanding soldiers at the Curragh army base in Ireland threatened to resign rather than fight against the Ulster Unionist resistance