Britain 4- Challenges and crises Flashcards
why was the general election of January 1910 called?
after the Lords vetoed Lloyd George’s budget
why did the Lords veto Lloyd George’s budget?
saw the ideas of redistributive taxation and of progressive taxation as an attack on the rich
who won the 1910 general election?
Liberals
who did the Liberals have to rely on to pass the budget and how did they gain this extra support?
the Irish Nationalists were willing to give their support in return for an tick on the House of Lords (wanted to weaken the HOL to achieve home rule)
what did the 1910 parliament bill propose?
-HOL had no power to veto
-max period between general elections reduced from 7 to 5 years
what were the results of the December 1910 election?
Liberals won again with their reliance on support from the Irish Nationalists and Labour
what year did the commons pass the Parliament Bill?
1911
what was founded in 1897 that became the focus for most women’s suffrage societies and by who?
NUWSS (the National Union of Women’s suffrage societies) by Millicent Fawcett
what methods did members of the NUWSS believe in?
non- violent methods (e.g. discussions, processions, petitions, and public meetings.
how many members and societies did the NUWSS have by 1914?
500,000 members and 400 societies
which union was formed in 1903 and by who?
WSPU (Women’s social and political union) by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters
what methods did the WSPU use and what were they known as?
campaign of disruption, the suffragettes
what happened on ‘Black Friday’ and when?
300 suffragettes tried to storm the lobby of the HOC
what happened to the two conciliation bills?
carried by the commons but the govt refused to carry them any further
name two examples of illegal methods employed by both suffragists and suffragettes
tax evasion and resistance to the census of 1911
give 3 examples of violent methods of protest used by the WSPU
smashing windows of shops and govt buildings, attacking paintings and chaining themselves to the railing of Buckingham palace
what did the suffragettes do in prison to protest?
hunger strike
why was the legislation for womens votes delayed?
govt was unwilling to give parliamentary time to a measure that many Liberals believed would benefit the conservatives more
what was the conservative view on the issue of womens suffrage?
they were divided with leadership seeing tactical advantages but most Tory backbenchers opposed it
what year did Asquith and the cabinet accept the principle of female suffrage?
1912
why and how did the suffragettes step up their military campaign?
because the amendment to the plural voting bill which gave the vote to certain categories of women could not be passed so the suffragettes set fire to post boxes, churches and railway stations + physically attacking cabinet ministers
who threw themselves in front of the king’s horse and when?
Emily Davison, 1913 Derby
why did the Pankhursts start to lose support?
their violent tactics
what was the ‘cat and mouse act’ and when was it passed?
allowed the release from prison of women who were weak from hunger striking ad were re-imprisoned once they had recovered. 1913
why did the campaigners for suffrage ultimately fail to achieve their objectives by 1914?
-failed to allay the fears of the Liberal government and had hardened their resistance through militant tactics
-failed to convince the majority of voters (British men)
which home rule bill began its process in 1912 and what did it give Ireland?
third home rule bill gave Ireland its own parliament with power to make laws purely on Irish matters.
who opposed home rule? (2 groups)
conservatives and Ulster unionists
when the 3rd home rule bill passed the HOC who formed an army to resist it and what was it called?
Edward Carson, Ulster Volunteer force
how did the Irish Nationalists counter the Ulster Volunteer force?
created their Own militia
why was home rule suspended?
WW1
when did industrial unrest occur?
1910-1914
3 reasons for industrial unrest
By 1912 cost of living 14 percent higher than in 1906, gap between rich and poor was widening with an increased awareness of inequalities due to Rowntree and Booth, many unions had joined together to form federations (miners federation that gave them more power
Give 3 examples of obstacles in regard to female emancipation in 1906
Liberals did not fully support the bill
Issue of some men still not able to vote
Not all women supported the idea of suffrage
what were the impacts of the constitutional crisis over the 1911 parliament act?
-Lords could now only delay legislation important to commons
-Liberals able to move forward with legislative programme of reform
-crisis divided conservatives so Balfour had to resign in Nov 1911 (Bonar Law succeeded)
-Parliament act made constitution more democratic
what were the two constitutional crisis a result of?
first: (1909-10) over ‘peoples budget’
second: (1910-11) over the parliament act
what date did the lords veto DLG’s budget? and why was this significant?
Nov 1909, the convention that the Lords shouldnt interfere with money bills was broken
what did Carson draw up in 1912?
the Ulster covenant protesting against the introduction by the British govt of the 3rd HR bill. 1000s signed in their own blood
how did Carson’s supporters continue to fight back against the 3rd HR bill?
smuggled 30,000 rifles and 3 mill rounds of ammunition into the Irish port of Larne and were offered support from Bonar Law
what mutiny was in 1914 and what occurred?
the ‘Curragh Mutiny’, British officers commanding soldiers at the Curragh army base in Ireland threatened to resign rather than fight against the Ulster Unionist resistance
