Britain 3- Social issues Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of the population were upper or middle class?

A

25%

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2
Q

what jobs would a typical upper middle class person have compared to a lower middle class person?

A

upper= factory owners, doctors, lawyers
lower= shopkeepers, clerks and self employed artisans

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3
Q

who created the poverty map of London?

A

Charles Booth

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4
Q

give 3 causes of poverty for families

A

low wages, lack of education, old age, sickness, premature death of the main wage earner, sickness, unemployment, poor diet

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5
Q

which political belief did Booth and Rowntree contribute to the growth of?

A

Liberalism

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6
Q

how much were the Liberal reforms going to cost?

A

£16 million

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7
Q

give three taxes the Liberal government were going to employ

A

income tax, super tax and inheritance tax

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8
Q

what was caused by the HOL rejection of the ‘Peoples budget’?

A

constitutional crisis

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9
Q

what years were the two education acts and which was which?

A

1906- provision of meals
1907- medical inspections

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10
Q

what did the 1906 education act do?

A

gave local authorities the power to provide free school meals for needy children
by 1914, 14 mill meals provided by LEAs each year

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11
Q

what did the 1907 education act do?

A

set up a school medical service and made it compulsory for LEAs to medically inspect schools
by 1914, 3/4 LEAs providing free medical inspection

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12
Q

what year was the childrens act?

A

1908

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13
Q

what did the childrens act do? (3)

A

made parent neglect illegal, created juvenile courts and borstals, made it illegal to sell alcohol and tobacco to children

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14
Q

what year was the old age pensions act?

A

1908

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15
Q

what did the old age pensions act do?

A

pension of 5 shillings a week if single and 7 shillings and 6 dimes a week for a married couple

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16
Q

when was the trade boards act?

A

1909

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17
Q

what did the trade boards act do?

A

boards were set up to fix minimum wages and inspect conditions in certain trades
covered 200,000 workers

18
Q

what year was the labour exchanges?

19
Q

what did labour exchanges do?

A

set up places where workers looking for a job + employers looking for workers could meet

20
Q

what year were the national insurance acts and which was which?

A

1911- unemployment act
1911- sickness act

21
Q

what did the national insurance unemployment act do?

A

workers and employers in certain trades had to contribute weekly to a national insurance fund. state topped this up out of taxation. enabled workers weekly benefit if unemployed

22
Q

what did the national insurance sickness act do?

A

workers and employers paid weekly into a national fund which state topped off out of taxation

23
Q

What statistic did Booth give for the level of poverty in London compared to the one the govt gave?

A

30.7%- Booth
25%- govt

24
Q

What are the two classifications of the poor?

A

Deserving and undeserving

25
Q

How did the poor attempt to support themselves at this tome? (Children)

A

Beg, private charities

26
Q

How did the poor support themselves at this time? (Adults)

A

Poor law- outdoor relief paid to the needy in their own homes or the parish workhouse

27
Q

Social reforms between 1908-14 were the work of which two ministers?

A

David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill

28
Q

Give 3 examples of the ways that Liberals did not create a welfare state

A

Housing remained in short supply- 1909 Town planning act was permissive
No attempt to reform poor law
Np reform to education after 1906 education bill

29
Q

Why was it wrong for the Lords to reject the reform to tax for the people’s budget?

A

Convention that the Lords should not interfere with money bills was broken

30
Q

how many union members were there in 1913 and 1914?

A

4.1 million

31
Q

how did the incomes of professionals vary drastically?

A

Barrister could earn up to £28,000 whereas a teacher only £200-300

32
Q

other than to fund social reform, what was another motive for the 1909 peoples budget?

A

to fund the naval shipbuilding programme as they needed to stay ahead of Germany’s ambitious naval programme

33
Q

what were the limitations of the 1906 education act (provision of meals)?

A

permissive, not compelsory. By 1913 only 1/2 LEAs providing free school meals

34
Q

what were the limitations of the 1907 education act? (medical inspections)

A

poor not always able to afford to treat the conditions revealed by the inspection

35
Q

what were the strengths of the 1908 old age pensions act?

A

paid through state not poor law and 1 mill pensioners by 1915

36
Q

what were the limitations of the 1908 old age pensions act?

A

only paid to elderly poor, pensioners had to be ‘of good character

37
Q

what were the strengths of labour exchanges?

A

2 mill workers had registered by 1914

38
Q

what were the limitations of labour exchanges?

A

for every one worker who found a job there were 3 that didnt

39
Q

how many workers did the 1911 national insurance acts cover?

A

unemployment: covered 2.25 mill workers
sickness: covered 13 mill workers

40
Q

what was syndicalism?

A

more extreme TU idea of overthrowing capitalism through industrial class struggle to build a new social order free from economic and political oppression

41
Q

what were examples of syndicalism?

A

1903- Mainwaring begins journal ‘general strike’
1908- Allen sets up industrial league
1909- Allen writes revolutionary unionism, influences prominent ‘new’ unionist Tom Mann who sets up newspaper ‘industrial syndicalist’