Brief Therapies Flashcards
What is Interpersonal Therapy view of maladaptive behavior?
From the IPT perspective, maladaptive behavior is related to problems in social roles and interpersonal relationships that are traceable to a lack of strong attachments early in life.
What is Interpersonal Therapy goals and techniques?
It’s focus is on current social relationships and its primary goals are sx reduction and improved interpersonal functioning. Sx reduction is achieved through education about the disorder, instillation of hope, and when necessary, pharmacotherapy; and interventions used to improve interpersonal functioning target one or more of four Primary Problem Areas: Unresolved grief, interpersonal role disputes, role transitions, and interpersonal deficits.
Therapy involves 3 stages:
Initial stage: therapist conducts an assessment to ascertain the client’s dx, the interpersonal context in which the client’s sx’s occur, and the problem area(s) that will be the focus of tx. During the middle phase: the therapist uses specific strategies that address the problem area(s), which may include encouragement of affect, communication analysis, and modeling and role-playing to establish new ways to interacting. Then, in the last few sessions, the therapist reviews the client’s progress and discusses termination and methods of relapse prevention.
What is Solution-focused Therapy view of maladaptive behavior?
It’s based on the assumption that “you get more of what you talk about” and consequently, focuses on solutions to the client’s problems rather than on the problems themselves.
What is Solution-focused Therapy goals and techniques?
The client is viewed as the “expert” while the therapist acts as a consultant/collaborator who poses different types of questions designed to assist the client recognize and use his/her strengths and resources to achieve specific goals. Questions:
Miracle Question: “Suppose when you go to sleep tonight, a miracle happens and your problem is solved. When you wake up in the morning, how will you know that a miracle has occurred? What will be different?
Exception question: “Can you think of a time in the past week when you did not have the problem (or the problem was not as troublesome)?
Scaling Questions: “On a scale from 1 to 10, how did you feel last week?” “On a scale from 1 to 10, how motivated are you?”
Therapy sessions are structured around several steps or strategies. In the initial session, the client identifies specific therapy goals, responds to the miracle question, identifies exceptions and instances of success, and rates his/her current status with regard to the problem. At the end of the session, the therapist compliments the client’s successes and provides the client with a task to complete before the next session. EX: client may be given the first session”formula task” which requires the client to identify something in his/her life or relationship that she/he wants to continue. Subsequent sessions begin with the therapist asking the client “What’s better since the last time we met?” The strategies of the initial session are then repeated.
What is Transtheoretical Model Stages of Change?
6 stages of change:
- Precontemplation stage: Individual has little insight into the need for change and does not intend to change. People in this stage may be in denial about their problem, may be uninformed about the problem and its consequences, or may have been unsuccessful in previous attempts to change.
- Contemplation stage: Person is aware of the need for change, intends to take action within the next 6 months, but is not committed to change. This individual is aware of both the pros and cons of changing and as a result may be ambivalent about change and remain in this stage for an extended period.
- Preparation stage: A person plans to take action in the immediate future(usually in the next month) and has a realistic plan of action for modifying his/her behavior.
- Action stage: The individual takes concrete steps to change his/her behavior. This stage often begins with making a public commitment to change.
- Maintenance stage: A person has maintained a change in behavior for at least 6 months and is taking steps to prevent relapse.
- Termination stage:The person feels that he/she can resist temptation and is confident that there is no risk for relapse.
What is Transtheoretical Model therapy goals and techniques?
Interventions are most effective when they match the person’s stage of change.
EX: conscious raising, dramatic relief, and environmental reevaluation are useful for helping clients transition from the precontemplation to the contemplation stage,while helping relationships, counterconditioning, reinforcement management, and stimulus control are effective for people in the action and maintenance stages.
Decisional balance, self-efficacy, and temptation as mediating variables that affect motivation at different stages of change: Decisional balance refers to the strength of perceived pros and cons of the problem behavior and plays a role in all stages but is a particularly important determinant of motivation during the contemplation stage. Self-efficacy refers to the client’s confidence that he/she will be able to cope with high-risk situations without relapsing and is an important contributor to the client’s ability to move from the contemplation to the preparation stage and from the preparation to the action stage.Temptation refers to the intensity of urges to engage in the problem behavior and is inversely related to self-efficacy. It is usually high during the initial stages of change but lower during the later stages.
What are Motivational Interviewing therapy goals and techniques?
Primary goal of motivational interviewing is to enhance the client’s intrinsic motivation to alter his/her behavior by helping the client examine and resolve his/her ambivalence about changing.4 general principles guide the selection of the strategies used in therapy: (1) express empathy;(2)develop discrepancies between current behavior and personal goals and values; (3) roll with (rather than oppose) resistance; and (4) support self-efficacy.
Specific techniques “microskills” of motivational interviewing are summarized with acronym OARS, which refers to Open-ended questions, Affirmations(that express empathy and understanding), Reflective listening(which builds rapport and includes restatements, paraphrasing, and reflection of feeling), and Summaries(which are a type of reflective listening and are especially useful for facilitating transitions.
