Bridging Course 1-2 (ppt slides)

Question 1

is considered the ‘father of modern chemistry’.
He discovered oxygen’s role in combustion
described the conservation of mass
and played an important part in reforming nomenclature in chemistry.

Answer 1

Antoine Lavoisier

Question 2

Isolated several new elements

Developed a chemical notation system using letters and numbers

Investigated atomic weights, providing evidence for Dalton’s atomic theory

Invented the terms ‘catalysis’, ‘isomer’, ‘polymer’, ‘allotrope’ and ‘protein’

Answer 2

JONS JAKOB BERZELIUS

Question 3

Formulated Avogadro’s law: equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain an equal number of molecules
Avogadro’s number, the number of
molecules in one mole, was named
after Avogadro by Jean Perrin

Answer 3

Amedeo Avogadro

Question 4

took pioneering steps in developing atomic theory, and made a series of symbols for atoms and molecules. He also carried out research into colour-blindness (which he himself suffered from).

Answer 4

John Dalton

Question 5

shared the Nobel Prize in Physies in 1903 with Pierre and Marie Curie for the discovery of radioaetivity. The unit of radioactivity is named after him.

Answer 5

Henri Becquerel

Question 6

discovered the electron, found the first evidence for isotopes of stable elements, and won the Nobel Prize in Physics for ‘Investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases’.

Answer 6

Sir Joseph J Thomson

Question 7

won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 for his work on radioactivity. He named alpha and beta radiation and also developed the model of the atom from his famous gold foil experiment.

Answer 7

Ernest Rutherford

Question 8

discovered neutron

Answer 8

James Chadwick

Question 9

coined the term radioactivity
discovered the polonium and radium

Answer 9

Marie Sklodowska Curie

Question 10

postulates that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energy levels. Orbits further from the nucleus exist at higher energy levels. When electrons return to a lower energy level, they emit energy in the form of light.

Answer 10

Bohr model

Question 11

the mass of electron, proton, and neutron
the charges in cuolombs of electron, proton, and neutron

Answer 11

9.109 x 10-28 g -1.6 x 10-19
1.673 x 10-24 g +1.6 x 10-19
1.675 x 10-24 g 0

Question 12

in the atomic symbol notation, the superscript is the __________ and the subscript is the ___________-

Answer 12

mass number, atomic number

Question 13

In 1922, British
scientists ____________
and ________________
were awarded Nobel Prize
medals in chemistry for
their groundbreaking work
in discovering isotopes.

Answer 13

Frederick Soddy
Francis William Aston

Question 14

law of triads in arranging the periodic table

Answer 14

Johann Dobereiner

Question 15

law of octaves in arranging the periodic table

Answer 15

John Newlands

Question 16

studied the relationship of the atomic volume and relative atomic mass of 28 elements

Answer 16

Lothar Meyer

Question 17

_______________ suggested that the atomic mass must be the basis of periodicity.

Answer 17

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 18

first suggested that the number of charges in an element’s atomic nucleus is exactly equal to the element’s place on the Mendeleev’s table

Answer 18

Antonius van den Broek

Question 19

________________ was inspired by van den Broek’s hypothesis. Through his experiments, he discovered a correlation between what he called atomic number and the frequency of X rays generated by bombarding an element with high-energy electrons. With a few exceptions, he found that atomic number increases in the same order as atomic mass.

Answer 19

Henry Moseley

Question 20

___________ involvement in the synthesis, discovery and investigation of 10 transuranium elements earned him a share of the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His work in this area also led to his development of the actinide concept and the arrangement of the actinide series in the periodic table of the elements.

Answer 20

Glenn Seaborg

Question 21

firework colors
red_____________
orange____________
yellow____________
green____________
blue____________
purple______________
gold_____________
silver________________
white______________

Answer 21

red_____________strontium salts
orange____________calcium salts
yellow____________sodium salts
green____________barium salts
blue____________copper salts
purple______________copper + strontium
gold________________iron
silver________________aluminum
white______________magnesium

Question 22

is one of two or more distinct forms of an element

Answer 22

allotrope

Question 23

__________________for inorganic compounds is a widely used system of chemical nomenclature developed by Alfred Stock and first published in 1919.

In this system, the oxidation states of some elements in a compound are indicated in parentheses by Roman numerals.

Answer 23

Stock nomenclature

Question 24

are compounds that have specific number of water molecules attached to them

Answer 24

hydrates

Question 25

B2H6
CH4
SiH4
NH3
PH3
H2O
H2S

Answer 25

diborane
methane
ammonia
phosphine
water
hydrogen sulfide