Breast surgery Flashcards
1
Q
Benign breast disorders
A
- fibroadenoma
- cyst
- breast abscess
- fibrocystic changes
- fat necrosis
- mastalgia
2
Q
Mastalgia
A
Mastalgia (breast pain)
- experienced by most women
- changes are cyclical then due to cyclical hormonal effects
Management
- cyclical more likely to respond to treatment
- evening primrose oil
- reduce caffeine intake
- danazol (suppresses the production of gonadotropins) and bromocriptine
- if pain is non cyclical then MSK!
3
Q
Types of breast infections
A
- Postpartum abscess
- periductal mastitis
4
Q
Postpartum abscess - Acute mastitis
A
- assoc to breastfeeding
- staph infecion
- treated with antibiotics
- abscess develops then drain
Skin is red and hot
5
Q
Periductal mastitis
A
- Smokers
- episodes of periductal sepsis with anaerobes (metronidazole)
- resolve or abscess
Total duct excision and fistulectomy f recurrent bouts of infection
6
Q
Nipple discharge
A
- cloudy white colour= galactorrhea
- clear or light white - pregnancy
- red- blood- breast infection or intraductal papilloma but can be breast cancer
- white- yellow or green - PUS!! infection
7
Q
Fibroadenoma
A
- arises from the Lobules
- 15-25
- smooth, well defined and mobile “breast mouse”
Diagnose with
- clinical exam
- characteristic ultrasound appearance
- benign cells on FNAC
Benign and does not necessarily need removal
8
Q
Phyllodes
A
- similar appearance to fibroadenoma
- older women
- larger (3-4cm)
- it has malignant potential (may develop into sarcoma)
9
Q
breast cysts
A
- women ove 35 years (when involutional changes occur)
- microcysts form as the stroma involutes and some of these may coalesce to form macrocysts
- palpable lump
- cysts may be single or multiple and affect both breasts
- appear suddenly
- o/e- well defined smooth mass that is not mobile
Investifations
- seen on mammograms as well as well defined smooth elsions and on ultrasounds
treatment - aspiration to extinction
10
Q
Galactocele
A
retention cyst containing milk or a milky substance that is usually located in the mammary glands. It is caused by a protein plug that blocks off the outlet
Lactaring women
11
Q
Fat necrosis
A
- common sequela to trauma
12
Q
Inflammatory lesions
A
- acute mastitis
- periductal mastitis
- mammary duct ectasia
- fat necrosis
- lymphocytic mastopathy
- granulomatous mastitis
13
Q
mammary duct ectasia
A
- means dilated duct disease (old females prsent with mass or nipple discharge)
14
Q
Lymphocytic mastopathy -
A
diabetics
15
Q
Granulomatous mastitis
A
sarcoid, TB
