Breast pathology Anki Flashcards
Briefly describe the anatomy of the breast. […]
Briefly describe the anatomy of the breast.
Outline the life cycle changes of breast tissue […]
Outline the life cycle changes of breast tissue non-lactating (inactive) –> lactating (active)–> menopausal (atrophic and radiolucent)
What is the diagnostic triad (Triple Test) of breast diseases? (IMPT!!) 1. […] 2. […] 3. […] Need all 3! Cannot diagnose in isolation. The main invasive method that you use for breast is […].
What is the diagnostic triad (Triple Test) of breast diseases? (IMPT!!) 1. Clinical examination 2. Radiology (US, Mammogram, MRI) 3. Pathology (FNA, Core Biopsy, Excision biopsy) Need all 3! Cannot diagnose in isolation. The main invasive method that you use for breast is Core Biopsy, because you don’t just get cytology (compared to FNAC); you get tissue as well and you can look for more things (a
What radiological tests are used for diagnosing breast diseases? […]
What radiological tests are used for diagnosing breast diseases? Ultrasound, Mammogram and SOMETIMES, MRI. US for reproductive age, Mammogram for post menopausal woman. But can use both if you wanna be sure.
Which pathological test is commonly used to diagnose breast diseases? […]
Which pathological test is commonly used to diagnose breast diseases? Usually Core Biopsy. rarely use FNAC nowadays TISSUE is needed to make DEFINITIVE diagnosis (so FNAC rly not very useful)!! But even core biopsy cannot 100% differentiate CIS & invasive cancer (sampling error). That would require excision biopsy.
What is the most common inflammatory condition of the breast? […] It is most commonly seen in people who are […]
What is the most common inflammatory condition of the breast? Acute mastitis. It is most commonly seen in people who are lactating (due to tiny cracks in nipple) Note that inflammatory breast cancer can mimic inflammation!!!
Which bacteria typically cause acute mastitis? […]
Which bacteria typically cause acute mastitis? Staph aureus & Strep spp. (rare)
Inflammation of breast in lactating women is probably […] Inflammation of breast in perimenopausal women is probably […]
Inflammation of breast in lactating women is probably acute mastitis Inflammation of breast in perimenopausal women is probably inflammatory breast cancer
Whats the treatment for breast abscess? 1. […] 2. […] 3. […]
Whats the treatment for breast abscess? 1. I&D - Incision and drainage 2. Antibiotics 3. Excision Incision vs Excision An incisional biopsy is a procedure in which a small area of tissue is taken to identify the composition (or make-up) of a lesion or abnormality. An excisional biopsy is a more involved procedure where the entire abnormality or area of interest is removed.
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare inflammatory condition of the breast in parous(gave birth) women, presenting with […]. - Idiopathic so the etiology is unknown. - But it is hypothesized that secretions from lactating alveolar trigger autoimmune reaction What are the important differentials to exclude? - […] - […]
Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis is a rare inflammatory condition of the breast in parous(gave birth) women, presenting with granulomas. - Idiopathic so the etiology is unknown. - But it is hypothesized that secretions from lactating alveolar trigger autoimmune reaction What are the important differentials to exclude? - Malignancies - TB
What are some types of breast augmentation? 1. […] 2. […] 3. […]
What are some types of breast augmentation? 1. Paraffin injections (in the past. we dont do that anymore) 2. implants 3. autologous tissue (taking tissue from another part of the body)
Name the types of benign epithelial conditions (not neoplasms) of the breast and their relative risk of developing into carcinoma. - […] - […] - […]
Name the types of benign epithelial conditions (not neoplasms) of the breast and their relative risk of developing into carcinoma. - Non-proliferative Breast changes (Fibrocystic changes) - 3% - Proliferative disease without atypia - 5~7% - Proliferative disease with atypia - 13-17% Proliferation and atypia increases risks of invasive carcinomas. CIS obviously even higher.
Fibrocystic breast disease, commonly called fibrocystic breasts or fibrocystic change, is a […] condition. - Usually presents as […] - It is a common breast lesion with symptoms in about […]% of women. What are the microscopic features of fibrocystic change? - fibrosis - cysts (blue-domed) - apocrine change - epithelial hyperplasia (multi-layered epithelium) - adenosis - cystic dilatation of
“Fibrocystic breast disease, commonly called fibrocystic breasts or fibrocystic change, is a benign (noncancerous) condition. - Usually presents as breasts lumpiness (not discrete. general lumpiness. ““lumpy bumpy breast on palpation””) - It is a common breast lesion with symptoms in about 10% of women. What are the microscopic features of fibrocystic change? - fibrosis - cysts (blue-domed) - apoc
“Fibrocystic breast disease, commonly called fibrocystic breasts or fibrocystic change, is a benign (noncancerous) condition. - Usually presents as breasts lumpiness (not discrete. general lumpiness. ““lumpy bumpy breast on palpation””) - It is a common breast lesion with symptoms in about 10% of women. What are the microscopic features of fibrocystic change? - […] - […] - […] - […] - […
“Fibrocystic breast disease, commonly called fibrocystic breasts or fibrocystic change, is a benign (noncancerous) condition. - Usually presents as breasts lumpiness (not discrete. general lumpiness. ““lumpy bumpy breast on palpation””) - It is a common breast lesion with symptoms in about 10% of women. What are the microscopic features of fibrocystic change? - fibrosis - cysts (blue-domed) - apoc
Give 4 examples of W.H.O’s histological classification of tumors of breast (the impt ones)! - […] - […] - […] - […]
Give 4 examples of W.H.O’s histological classification of tumors of breast (the impt ones)! - Epithelial Tumours - Fibroepithelial Tumours - Nipple Tumours - Male Breast Tumours The rest just…heck care LOL where got time
Give 3 examples of benign epithelial tumors of the breast 1. […] 2. […] 3. […]
Give 3 examples of benign epithelial tumors of the breast 1. Papilloma 2. Fibroepithelial tumours (Fibroadenoma, Phyllodes tumour) 3. Others - nipple adenoma
Phyllode tumors are […] fibroepithelial tumors of the breast. Important difference with this and fibroadenoma is that phyllode tumors have […] What are phyllodes tumours well known for? […]
“Phyllode tumors are benign fibroepithelial tumors of the breast. Important difference with this and fibroadenoma is that phyllode tumors have higher risk of malignancy (to become a sarcoma, meaning it will met by blood to prob lungs and liver) What are phyllodes tumours well known for? Wide margin of excision required, hence having a high rate of recurrance ““The name ““phyllodes,”” which is take
Name some risk factors for breast cancer (IMPT!!!) - […] - […] - […] - […] - […] - […] - […]
Name some risk factors for breast cancer (IMPT!!!) - Race (Caucasian/Jew/Parsi) - Perimenopausal age - High socio-economic status - Obesity - Previous history of breast disease - Family history of breast disease - Early menarche/Late menopause (because they are exposed to hormones longer!) Breast carcinoma is the most common non-skin malignancy in woman!! Second to lung cancer as a cause of cancer
What are some clinical presentations of breast cancers? 1. […] 2. […] 3. […] 4. […]
What are some clinical presentations of breast cancers? 1. Palpable mass 2. Nipple discharge (Usually NOT green! Pustulent discharge normally means it’s an infection eg mastitis, though Paget’s disease can have pus as discharge.) 3. Mammographic density 4. Mammographic calcifications TLDR, palpable mass and abnormal mammogram findings (density, calcifications)
Gimme some examples of malignant epithelial tumors of the breast. Which is the most common? Non-invasive (in-situ) carcinomas - […] - […] Invasive carcinoma - […] - […] - special types (mucinous, tubular, medullary, micropapillary, metaplastic, etc.) Paget’s Disease
“Gimme some examples of malignant epithelial tumors of the breast. Which is the most common? Non-invasive (in-situ) carcinomas - Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) - Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) Invasive carcinoma - NST (most common)(old name is invasive ductal carcinoma) - Lobular carcinoma - special types (mucinous, tubular, medullary, micropapillary, metaplastic, etc.) Paget’s Disease NST - “”
Gross appearance of tumor is often seen in which quadrant of the breast? Why? […]
Gross appearance of tumor is often seen in which quadrant of the breast? Why? Upper outer - most breast tissues there. followed by subareolar Doesnt mean alw upper outer quadrant. Its just more commonly found there. Sometimes a trick question, need to see phrasing.
Name 2 impt histological types of breast DCIS. - […] - […] - […] - […] - […]
Name 2 impt histological types of breast DCIS. - Comedo - Cribiform - Solid/ circumscribed (more commonly in lobular in situ) - Papillary - Micropapillary This is a really good diagram. LCIS is proliferation of cancer cells inside the lobes. DCIS is proliferation of the duct itself
Name some differences between DCIS and LCIS! IMPT Presentation: Incidental finding for both. DCIS additionally seen in mammographic abnormality, nipple discharge, Paget’s disease, palpable mass. Predominant location: […] Cell Size: […] Histological pattern: […] Calcification: […] Risk of subsequent invasive cancer: […] Location of subsequent invasive cancer: […]
Name some differences between DCIS and LCIS! IMPT Presentation: Incidental finding for both. DCIS additionally seen in mammographic abnormality, nipple discharge, Paget’s disease, palpable mass. Predominant location: Ducts vs Lobules Cell Size: Medium/Large vs Small Histological pattern: Comedo, Cribiform, Micropapillary, Papillary, Solid vs only Solid Calcification: Present/Absent vs usually Abse
Prognosis of special types breast carcinoma: […]
Prognosis of special types breast carcinoma: Depends on which type! but generally better than ductal carcinoma
Paget’s disease of the breast (need specify) is a type of cancer that outwardly may have the appearance of […], with skin changes involving the nipple of the breast; SSKE of breast (nipple) replaced with […] epithelium. Can discharge: […] it’s a rare manifestation of Ductal Carcinoma-In-Situ involving the nipple. Extension of DCIS along ducts within the epithelial layer to the area under the
Paget’s disease of the breast (need specify) is a type of cancer that outwardly may have the appearance of eczema, ulceration, pruritus or erosion, with skin changes involving the nipple of the breast; SSKE of breast (nipple) replaced with glandular epithelium. Can discharge: Pus/Blood if infected it’s a rare manifestation of Ductal Carcinoma-In-Situ involving the nipple. Extension of DCIS along d
Paget’s disease of the breast (need specify) is a type of cancer that outwardly may have the appearance of eczema, ulceration, pruritus or erosion, with skin changes involving the nipple of the breast; SSKE of breast (nipple) replaced with glandular epithelium. Can discharge: Pus/Blood if infected it’s a rare manifestation of […] Diagnosis is through […] The condition is an uncommon disease ac
Paget’s disease of the breast (need specify) is a type of cancer that outwardly may have the appearance of eczema, ulceration, pruritus or erosion, with skin changes involving the nipple of the breast; SSKE of breast (nipple) replaced with glandular epithelium. Can discharge: Pus/Blood if infected it’s a rare manifestation of Ductal Carcinoma-In-Situ involving the nipple. Extension of DCIS along d
Name some general prognostic factors in breast cancer: (vvvv IMPT!!!) General Factors (synonymous across cancers): - […] - […] - […] - […] Breast Cancer Specific: - […] - […]
“Name some general prognostic factors in breast cancer: (vvvv IMPT!!!) General Factors (synonymous across cancers): - Stage (TNM) - Grade (123) - Histological type (specific types better prognosis except for inflammatory, metaplastic, etc) - Vascular invasion Breast Cancer Specific: - ER/PR presence (determines whether hormone therapy works) - CerbB2 amplification (HER1 or HER2) (determine whether
Staging of breast carcinoma (appreciate lol) […]
Staging of breast carcinoma (appreciate lol) HH: General TNM concepts is enough! Memorizing the numbers is too troublesome. If it comes out for exam and your neurons suddenly synapse, that would be nice but not worth to spend time on this.
Most breast cancer express hormone receptors (ER or PR). 2 drugs that can be used: - […] - […]
Most breast cancer express hormone receptors (ER or PR). 2 drugs that can be used: - Tamoxifen (blocks estrogen use) - Aromatase inhibitors (reduce estrogen amount) HH: No longer in 20/21 slides. May not test.
In the future, breast cancer classfication might change to be based on […]
In the future, breast cancer classfication might change to be based on their immunoprofile (ER/PR and HER2) HH: No longer in 20/21 slides. May not test.
