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Charis & Ellie VS Breast > Breast Histology and Anatomy > Flashcards

Breast Histology and Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

How would you generally describe the breast?

A

Subcutaneous gland

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2
Q

What is the secretory tissue of the breast made up of?

A

15-20 lobes

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3
Q

What does a lobe in the breast consist of?

A

Tubuloacinar gland which drains via series of ducts leading to nipple

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4
Q

What supports the breast tissue?

A

Suspensory ligaments which extend form dermis of skin to deep fascia overlying the muscle of anterior chest wall

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5
Q

Where would you find suspensory ligaments in the breast?

A

Amongst the fibrous tissue in breast

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6
Q

What does TDLU stand for?

A

Terminal duct lobular unit

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7
Q

What is a TDLU?

A

Basic functional secretory unit of the breast

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8
Q

What does TDLU lead to in the non-lactating breast?

A

Intralobular collecting duct which leads to lactiferous duct for that lobe

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9
Q

What duct leads to the nipple and what does it pass through to get there?

A

Lactiferous ducts lead to the nipple

-Pass through lactiferous sinus

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10
Q

What is lactiferous sinus?

A

Expanded duct region near nipple

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11
Q

What cells line acini within the lobule?

A

Secretory epithelial cells (vary from cuboidal to columnar)

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12
Q

What surrounds secretory cells of acinus?

A

Myoepithelial cells

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13
Q

What are myoepithelial cells?

A

Epithelial cells with contractile properties

-Thought to help push milk out of the ducts

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14
Q

Example of larger ducts in breast?

A

Lactiferous ducts

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15
Q

What are lactiferous ducts lined by?

A

Epithelium that varies form stratified squamous to stratified cuboidal

-Myoepithelial cells also can be present

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16
Q

What do many people believe mammary glands represent?

A

Modified sweat glands in particular apocrine glands

17
Q

What is nipple covered by?

A

Highly pigmented keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

18
Q

What is the core of the nipple made of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue mixed with bundles of smooth muscle

19
Q

Breast changes in luteal phase of menstrual cycle?

A

Epithelial cells increase in height
Lamina of ducts become enlarged
Small amounts of secretions appear in ducts

20
Q

What happens to breast tissue following menopause?

A
  • Secretory cells of TDLUs degenerate leaving only ducts

- In connective tissue there are fewer fibroblasts and reduced collagen and elastic fibres

21
Q

Breast change in first trimester of pregnancy?

A
  • Elongation and branching of the smaller ducts

- Proliferation of epithelial and myoepithelial cells of gland

22
Q

Breast changes in 2nd trimester?

A

-Glandular tissues continue to develop with differentiation of secretory alveoli

Plasma cells and lymphocytes infiltrate connective tissue

23
Q

Breast changes in 3rd pregnancy trimester?

A

Secretory alveoli continue to mature with development of extensive rER

24
Q

What are all pregnancy breast changes accompanied by?

A

Reduction in the amount of connective tissue and adipose tissue present

25
Q

Generally what happens to breasts in pregnancy?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone stimulate proliferation of secretory tissue and fibro-fatty tissue becomes sparse

26
Q

What is apocrine secretion?

A

Lipid droplets are secreted surrounded by membrane and carrying small amount of cytoplasm with it

27
Q

What is merocrine secretion?

A

Proteins in milk are made in rER, packaged in golgi apparatus and secreted via vesicles which merge with apical membrane to release only their contents into the duct system

28
Q

Medial side of breast is supplied blood by?

A

Medial mammary arteries

-Branches of internal thoracic artery (branch of subclavian)

29
Q

What are medial mammary arteries branches of?

A

Internal thoracic artery>branch of subclavian

30
Q

Lateral side of the breast is supplied blood by?

A

Lateral mammary arteries

-Branches of lateral thoracic artery (branch of axillary artery)

31
Q

What are branches of the lateral thoracic artery?

A

Lateral mammary arteries

32
Q

What is the lateral thoracic artery a branch of?

A

Axillary artery

33
Q

Venous drainage of breasts?

A

Medial and lateral mammary veins

34
Q

Lymph drainage of breasts?

A

Most lymph drains to axillary nodes (>75%)

The rest drains to parasternal and some to abdominal nodes

Charis & Ellie VS Breast (10 decks)

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