Breast Conditions

Question 1

Signs and symptoms of breast cancer?

Answer 1

Asymptomatic
Lump
Mastaligia (persistant unilateral pain)
Nipple discharge 
Nipple involutation
Dimpling of skin
Change in size or shape of breast
Lymphoedema

Question 2

Why are mammographies less sensitive in younger women?

Answer 2

They have more glandular tissue

Question 3

What are the different T stages in TNM staging of breast cancer?

Answer 3

T0 - non palpable
T1 - <2cm
T2 - 2-5cm
T3 - >5cm
T4 invading skin/ chest wall

Question 4

What are the different N stages in TNM staging of breast cancer?

Answer 4

N0 - non-palpable
N1 - mobile
N2 - fixed

Question 5

What are the different M stages in TNM staging of breast cancer?

Answer 5

M0 - no mets

M1 - mets

Question 6

Surgical options for breast cancer?

Answer 6

Mastectomy
Wide local excision (WLE)
Lumpectomy

Question 7

Surgical options for the axilla if breast cancer?

Answer 7

Axillary node clearance
Axillary node clearing
Sentinel node biopsy

Question 8

What are the indications for radiotherapy and breast cancer?

Answer 8

All patients after WLE

After mastectomy if there is local involvement

Question 9

Complications of radiotherapy?

Answer 9

Skin telangiectasis
Radiation pneumonitis
Cutaneous radio osteonecrosis