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Reproduction and Sexual Health > Anatomy 2 - Female Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy 2 - Female Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are in the pelvic cavity? (4)

A

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Superior part of vagina (vagina goes through the pelvic floor)

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2
Q

What structures are in the perineum? (5)

A 
Inferior part of vagina
Perineal muscles
Bartholin's glands
Clitoris
Labia
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3
Q

What pouches do the female peritoneum form?

A

Vesico-uterine

Recto-uterine (pouch of douglas)

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4
Q

What is superior to the female perineum?

A

Levator ani

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5
Q

Where does excess fluid in peritoneal cavity tend to collect and why?

A

Pouch of Douglas (recto-uterine pouch) because it is most inferior part of peritoneal cavity

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6
Q

How can fluid in pouch of douglas be drained?

A

Via a needle passed through the posterior fornix of vagina

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7
Q

What are the ligaments of the uterus?

A

Round ligament
Broad ligament
Although not true ligaments

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8
Q

Where does the broad ligament extend from?

A

Uterus to lateral walls and floor of pelvis

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9
Q

What is the function of broad ligament?

A

Maintain uterus in midline position

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10
Q

What does the broad ligament contain?

A

Uterine tubes

Proximal part of round ligament

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11
Q

What makes up the broad ligament?

A

Double layer of peritoneum

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12
Q

What makes up the round ligament?

A

Embryological remnant

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13
Q

What does round ligament attach to and from?

A

From lateral aspect of uterus
Passes through deep inguinal ring
To superficial tissue of perineum
Connects to broad ligament

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14
Q

What are the 3 subcomponents of the broad ligament?

A

Mesometrium (mesentery of uterus)
Mesoslapinx
Mesovarium

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15
Q

What are the 3 layers of body of uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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16
Q

What structures support the uterus?

A

Uterosacral ligaments
Endopelvic fascia
Muscles of pelvic floor (esp. levator ani)

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17
Q

What can occur if the structures that support the uterus become weak?

A

Uterine prolapse

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18
Q

What is the most common positioning of uterus?

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

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19
Q

What does anteverted anteflexed uterus mean?

A

Certix tipped anteriorly to vagina (anteverted)

Uterus tipped anteriorly to cervix (anteflexed)

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20
Q

What does retroverted retroflexed mean?

A

Uterus tipped posterior to vagina

Uterus tipped posterior to cervix

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21
Q

How is an anteverted anteflexed uterus palpated?

A

Via vagina

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22
Q

How is a retroverted retroflexed uterus palpated?

A

Via rectum

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23
Q

What is sampled in a smear test?

A

Transition zone

Squamo-columnar junction

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24
Q

Where does fertilisation usually occur?

A

Ampulla

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25
Q

Where does fimbriae at the end of uterine tube open into?

A

The peritoneal cavity

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26
Q

Why is there a possibility of infection transfer from genitals to peritoneal cavity?

A

Because the fimbrae have an open communication into the peritoneal cavity

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27
Q

What hormones do ovaries secrete?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

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28
Q

What causes ovaries to secrete hormones?

A

Response to LH and FSH

29
Q

Where is the ovum released by ovary?

A

Directly into the peritoneal cavity to be picked up by the fimbriae of uterine tube

30
Q

What is the fornix of vagina?

A

Superior part of vagina where the walls are held apart by the cervix

31
Q

What are the 4 parts of the fornix?

A

Anterior
Posterior
2 x lateral

32
Q

What can be palpated on vaginal digital examination?

A

Ischial spines (to find pudendal nerve)
Position of uterus
Adnexae

33
Q

How can the adnexae be palpated?

A

Place fingers into lateral fornix
Press deeply with other hand into iliac fossa of same side
Can detect large masses or tenderness

34
Q

What is the perineum?

A

Shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and skin

35
Q

What are the 2 pouches of perineum?

A

Superficial

Deep

36
Q

What are the 2 triangles of perineum?

A

Urogenital

Anal

37
Q

What nerve supplies perineal muscles?

A

Pudendal nerve

38
Q

What muscle forms the majority of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani

39
Q

What nerve supplies the pelvic diaphragm?

A

S3, S4, S5

40
Q

Functions of levator ani (3)

A
  1. Support abdominopelvic organs through their tonic contraction
  2. Resist any increases in intrapelvic or abdominal pressure during e.g. coughing
  3. Urinary and fecal continence
41
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue

42
Q

What attaches to perineal body?

A

Perineal muscles

43
Q

Why is perineal body important?

A

Pelvic floor strength

44
Q

Where is perineal body located?

A

Just deep to skin

45
Q

What does perineal body contain?

A

Bartholin’s glands (greater vestibular glands)

46
Q

What do Bartholin’s glands secrete?

A

Lubricant for sexual arousal

47
Q

What is anterior to pubic bone?

A

Mons pubis

48
Q

Name key components of surface area of vagina

A 
Mons pubis
Labium majus
Labium minus
Clitoris
External uretral orifice
Vestibule
Vaginal orifice
Anus
49
Q

Where does bed of breast attach?

A

Rib 2 - 6
Lateral border of sterum
To mid-axillary line

50
Q

What does bed of breast lie on?

A

Deep fasica

51
Q

What muscles does bed of breast cover?

A

Pec major and serratus anterior

52
Q

Where does retromammary space lie?

A

Between fascia and breast

53
Q

How does breast attach to skin?

A

Via suspensory ligaments

54
Q

How is the breast divided for examination?

A 
Quadrants
Upper outer
Upper inner
Lower outer
Lower innter
55
Q

How do you get the patient to stand during breast examination?

A

Hands on hips

To contract the pectoral muscles

56
Q

What is also assessed during a breast examination?

A

Axilla

Supraclavicular area

57
Q

Where does 75% of lymph from breast drain to?

A

Ipsilateral lymph nodes

Then supraclavicular nodes

58
Q

Where can lymph from inner quadrant drain?

A

Ipsilateral OR CONTRALATERAL lymph nodes

Then supraclavicular nodes

59
Q

Where does lymph from upper limb drain?

A

Axillary nodes

60
Q

What can occur in axillary node clearance?

A

Lymphedema

61
Q

What is the axilla?

A

Pyramidal passageway between arm and chest

62
Q

What does the axilla contain?

A

Brachial plexus branches
Axillary artery and vein
Lymph nodes
Embedded in axillary fat

63
Q

What does the ‘level’ of axillary node clearance related to?

A

Pectoralis major

64
Q

What is level 1 axillary clearance?

A

Inferior and lateral to pectoralis major

65
Q

What is level 2 axillary clearance?

A

Deep (central) to pectoralis major

66
Q

What is level 3 axillary clearance?

A

Superior and medial to pectoralis major (in supraclavilar area near the venous angle)

67
Q

What artery supplies the breast?

A

Internal thoracic (branch of subclavian artery)

68
Q

Where does blood from breast drain?

A

Into axillary and internal thoracic veins

Reproduction and Sexual Health (18 decks)

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