breast cancer and male genitalia Flashcards
signs of breast cancer
New breast lump/swelling
Existing lump with changes
Axillary lump
Skin irritation or dimpling
Nipple discharge
Nipple retraction
Pain
Peau d’ orange (edema)
internal anatomy of female
Vagina
Uterus
Cervix
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries
external anatomy of female
Collective: vulva
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Glands: skenes/bartholin
Vaginal orifice
Perineum
pelvic exam technique and findings
Bimanual
Use vaginal speculum to inspect the cervix
Chadwicks sign: blue means pregnant
Should be pink
Donut shape if nulliparous
Line is been pregnant
RF for breast cancer
Obesity
Alcohol
Birth control
Nulliparous women
Early menstrual cycle
Lack of breast feeding
>55 YO
Caucasion and AA
FH of BRCA 1 & 2
Rf of cervical cancer
HPV
Multiple partners
Smoking
Low socioeconomic status
FH
DEs exposure
More then 3 term pregnancies
Diet low in fruits/vegetables
health promotion(BSE, PAP smear)
Increase breastfeeding
Screening test BSE
Mammograms papsmear
Hypopadias
urethra on ventral side of penis
will no circumsize
epispadias
urethra on dorsal side
phimosis
cannot retract foreskin
paraphimosis
cannot replace foreskin
testicular torsion
twisting of the spermatic cord
emergency
hydrocele
enlarged scrotum
seen in newborn babies : goes away on its own
transiluminate: pink/red glow
spermatocele
sperm filled cystic mass on epididmis
transilluminate: pink/red glow
epididymitis
chlamydia, gonorrhea or bacteria
scrotum enlarged
