Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What FH of cancers to ask for in relation to breast cancer?

A

breast
ovarian
colon
prostate

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2
Q

Do fibroadenomas change size?

A

yes, may change size with hormonal changes (menstrual cycle)

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3
Q

What discharge do you get in duct entasis?

A

yellow white

often bilateral but not always

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3
Q

Features of worrying nipple discharge

A

unilateral
blood (can be benign)
spontaneous

however, even blood stained still mostly benign

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4
Q

P1-P5 clinical examination - what does each mean?

A

P1 - normal
P2 - benign
P3 - likely benign
P4 - likely malignant
P5 - cancer

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5
Q

who gets breast MRI?

A
  • high risk pts (BRCA e.g.)
  • dense breast tissue
  • staging for metastatic disease
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6
Q

Breast screening

A

50-70 every 3 years
only people with NHS GP

many false +ves

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7
Q

Age for breast USS and Mammogram

A

> 40 Mammogram
<40 USS

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8
Q

do you have an increased risk of breast cancer with breast cysts or fibroadenomas?

A

no increased risk

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9
Q

What is the lifetime risk of breast cancer?

A

1 in 7

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10
Q

What % breast cancer is picked up by sx and screening?

A

65:35
(sx : screening)

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11
Q

Options for breast reconstruction

A
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12
Q

RFs for breast cancer

A

female
increasing age
high BMI
lack of exercise
dense breasts
alcohol
previous breast cancer or radiation
urban living (oestrogen in the water)
nulliparous and not breastfeeding
FH
smoking

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13
Q

FH - breast cancer - what matters here?

A

mother / sister / daughter under 40 -> that puts you at increased risk

otherwise ‘normal’ risk

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14
Q

What are the boundaries of the axilla?

A

Apex – also known as the axillary inlet, it is formed by lateral border of the first rib, superior border of scapula, and the posterior border of the clavicle.
Lateral wall – formed by intertubercular groove of the humerus.
Medial wall – consists of the serratus anterior and the thoracic wall (ribs and intercostal muscles).
Anterior wall – contains the pectoralis major and the underlying pectoralis minor and the subclavius muscles.
Posterior wall – formed by the subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi.

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15
Q

Why would you look at the back of a patient in breast clinic?

A

to check for a scar (Latissimus dross flap)