Brainstem+Cranial nerves Flashcards
1
Q
What is CN I
A
Olfactory
2
Q
What is CN II
A
Optic
3
Q
What is CN III
A
Oculomotor
4
Q
What is CN IV
A
Trochlear
5
Q
What is CN V
A
Trigeminal
6
Q
What is CN VI
A
Abducens
7
Q
What is CN VII
A
Facial
8
Q
What is CN VIII
A
Vestibulocochlear
9
Q
What is CN IX
A
Glossopharyngeal
10
Q
What is CN X
A
Vagus
11
Q
What is CN XI
A
Accessory
12
Q
What is CN XII
A
Hypoglossal
13
Q
What structures are present in the brainstem
A
Midbrain, pons medulla
14
Q
What structures are present in the diencephalon
A
Hypothalamus, Thalamus
15
Q
What structures make up the hindbrain?
A
Pons, Cerebellum, Medulla
16
Q
How is the cerebellum connected to the brainstem?
A
3 peduncles(White fibre tracts)
17
Q
How many CN have nuclei in the brainstem?
A
9 of the 12(All except I, II and XI)
18
Q
A
Ventricular system
19
Q
A
Tectum
20
Q
A
Tegmentum
21
Q
A
Base
22
Q
Where is the pons, medulla and midbrain?
A
23
Q
A
Trochlear nerve
24
Q
A
Dorsal columns
25
Top-Bottom:
Pineal gland
Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculus
26
Cerebral peduncle
27
Medullary pyramids
Pyramid decussation
28
Optic chiasm
Pituitary stalk
Mammillary body
29
What descending tracts go through the cerebellar peduncles?
Corticobulbar and corticospinal
30
Which cranial nerve nuclei are **not** found in the brainstem?
I, II, XI
31
What nerves emerge from the brainstem at the midbrain level?
III and IV
32
What nerves emerge from the brainstem at the level of the pons?
V-VIII
33
What nerves emerge at the level of the medulla?
IX, X, XII
34
Which vessels is the anterior supply derived from and which part of the brain do they supply?
Internal carotid system-Most of the cerebral hemispheres
35
Which vessels is the posterior supply derived from and which part of the brain do they supply?
Vetebrobasilar system-Brainstem
36
What structure do you have at the posterior section of the brainstem at the midbrain level
Superior(Visual) and Inferior(Auditory) colliculi
37
Why is the upper medulla deemed 'open'
The 4th ventricle has no roof at this level
38
Why is the lower medulla deemed 'closed'
The 4th ventricle has tapered down and closed to form the central canal
39
Branches of which blood vessel system is most of the brainstem supplied by?
The vetebrobasilar system
40
Which of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the medulla has the pyramids and which has the dorsal columns?
Anterior-Pyramid
Posterior-Dorsal Columns
41
How can cranial nerves be grouped?
According to their function
42
Function of general somatic afferent nerves?
Fibres carry general sensation from skin, muscles, joints of head and neck
43
Function of general somatic efferent nerves?
Fibres innervate skeletal muscle
44
Function of general visceral afferent nerves?
Fibres carry sensation from viscera of head, neck, thorax and abdomen
45
Function of general visceral efferent nerves?
Fibres are the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons to cranial, thoracic and abdominal viscera
46
Function of special somatic afferent nerves?
Fibres that carry special senses of hearing and balance
47
Function of special visceral afferent nerves?
Fibres that carry taste sensations
48
Function of special visceral efferent nerves?
Innervate muscles of the jaw, face, larynx and pharynx
49
What are the 2 general structures in the forebrain?
Diencephalon
Cerebral hemispheres
50
What are the major structures in the hindbrain?
Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla
51
Which spinal tracts decussates in the medulla?
Corticospinal tract
Dorsal columns(Synapse in the thalamus)
52
Where can you find the inferior olivary nucleus?
In the anterior portion of the upper medulla
53
Which of the upper and lower medulla are open and closed?
Upper is open
Lower is closed
