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Med Neuro Block 3 > Brainstem Centers > Flashcards

Brainstem Centers Flashcards

1
Q

Cortical Structures that send input to the spinal coard are

A

primary motor cortex
prefrontal cortex
somatosensory and parietal association cortex

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2
Q

Subcortical structures that send input to the sp cd are:

A

basal ganglia
cerebellum
thalamus

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3
Q

Rubrospinal tract:

Many small __________ neurons in the red nucleus project to inferior olive

A

parvocells

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4
Q

Neurons in the rubrospinal tract decussate at the level of the

A

Midbrain at the ventral tegmental decussation

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5
Q

The rubrospinal tract begins in

A

the midbrain at the red nucleus… then decussates right away in the ventral tegmental decussation

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6
Q

Once the inferior olivary nucleus recieve the rubrospinal tract, it sends input to the :

A

cerebellum or the (olivo-cerebellar tract)

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7
Q

Info from olive to cerebellum from rubrospinal tract is to

A

modulate cerebellum activity ( participates in learning and memory fnx of cerebellum)

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8
Q

rubrospinal: from cerebellum info goes to _____ and send contralateral to red nucleus

A

thalamus

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9
Q

Red nucleus via olivary nucleus will provide feedback loop to cerebellum to allow for:

A

feedback loop to allow adaption of cerebellar circuits

~~ keeps movements non-jerky

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10
Q

Decorticate Posturing/Rigidity seen when

A

cortical input to red nucleus is eliminated while cerebellar to red nuclues and rubrospinal is intact

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11
Q

Decorticate posture:
Cortical input to red nucleus is:
Cerebellar input to red nucleus is:
Rubrospinal tract is:

A

ELIMATED
intact
intact

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12
Q

In Decorticate posture/Rigitidy we see

A

upper limbs flexed to core and extention of lower limbs

cortex can no longer communated with brain stem

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13
Q

Decorticate posture is due to damage in the:

A

upper midbrain

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14
Q

Lower midbrain damage–>

A

Decerebrate posturing

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15
Q

Symptoms of decerebrate syndrome/lower midbrain damage

A

Patient extends upper and lower limbs

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16
Q

patients extends upper and lower limbs… damage in

A

lower midbrain

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17
Q

Benedikts sydrome is:

A

unilateral lesion of red nuclues in the midbrain

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18
Q

Symptoms of benedikts syndrome

A

CN III injury: ipsilateral oculomotor palsy (eye deviates laterally, ptosis, pupil is fixed and dialated)
Contralateral tremor

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19
Q

CN III injury: ipsilateral oculomotor palsy (eye deviates laterally, ptosis, pupil is fixed and dialated)
Contralateral tremor

A

Benedikts syndrome or unilateral lesion of red nucleus

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20
Q

rubrospinal tract lesion usually occurs in conjunction with:

A

corticospinal tract lesions

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21
Q

Pathway that facilitates reflexive turning movments of the eyes and head and upward gazee

A

Tectospinal tract

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22
Q

_________fibers arise in retina, visual cortex and inferior paretal lobes to project to superior colliculus

A

Corticotectal fibers

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23
Q

Tectospinal fibers start in the ______ and decussate in the _______

A

superior colliculus
dorsal tegmentum
(in the midbrain)

24
Q

Tectospinal fiberes end in the ipsi/contralateral cervicle spinal cord at the _________

A

Contralateral

CN XI nucleus with sternodcleomastoid

25
Q

Additional fibers from superior colliculus (part of tectospinal) project here to control exraoccular upward gaze

A

pontime paramedian reticular fomration–>MLF

26
Q

Pairnauads syndrome/Dorsal midbrain syndrome/Collicular syndrome

A

lesion in region of superior colliculi or posterior commisure leads to eye abnormalities

27
Q

Lesion in the supeiror colliculi or posterior commisure leads to eye abnormalities

A

Collicular syndrome/Parinauds syndrome/Dorsal midbrain

28
Q

Symptoms of Parinuads syndrome

A

(lesion of superor colliculi)
Loss of upward gaze
large, irregular pupils w/ light-near dissociation
-eyelid abnormalities (retract or ptosis)
convergance-retraction-nystagmus

29
Q

(lesion of superor colliculi)
impaired visual gaze
large, irregular pupils w/ light-near dissociation (pupils don’t constrict with light but do with accomidations)
-eyelid abnormalities (retract or ptosis)
convergance-retraction-nystagmus

A

symptoms of parinurads syndrome

30
Q

causes of Parinuads syndrome

A

Pineal tumor, hydrocephalus

31
Q

Input to superior colliculi

A

visual cortex

32
Q

Inputs to teh vestibular nuclei

A

vestibular nerve and cerebellum

33
Q

Cell bodies in the vestibular nuclei w/in brainstem

A

Lateral vestibulospinal tract

34
Q

Lateral vestibulospinal tract projects ipsi/contralateral within _________ to ALL levels of sp cd

A

Ipsilaterally

anterior folliculus

35
Q

Lateral vestibulospinal tract functions

A

innervates extensor (antigravity) muscles in trunk/lower limbs for balance

36
Q

Lesion of vestibular nerve or vestibular nucleus–>

A

stumbling and or falling toward SIDE of lesion

37
Q

Causes of Lateral Medullary syndrome

A

occlusion of vertebral artery or PICA

38
Q

Symptoms of Lateral Medullary Syndrome

A

Side of lesion: dysphagia, dysarthria, lower gag reflex, loss of pain and temp from face, vertigo, nausea and vomiting, nystagmus
Contralateral to lesion: loss of pain/temp from body

39
Q

Side of lesion: dysphagia, dysarthria, lower gag reflex, loss of pain and temp from face, vertigo, nausea and vomiting, nystagmus
Contralateral to lesion: loss of pain/temp from body

A

Lateral medullary symtom

40
Q

What cuases the dysphagia, dysarthria, and loss of gag reflex from lateral medullary sydnrome

A

nuclues ambiguis of CN XI and X on medulla

41
Q

see a checkerboard pattern of loss of pain and temp from face (ipsilateral) and body (contralateral)

A

lateral medullary syndrome ( PICA or vertebral artery occulsion)

42
Q

Input to medial vestibulospinal nucleus

A

vestibular nuclei and cerebellum

43
Q

MVST description:

cell bodies in vestibular nuclie are w/in brainstem and projects to _______ within anterior funiclus to :

A

sp cd

and LMNs associated with spinal accessory nerve

44
Q

projectes to cervical spinal cord and to LMNs associated with spinal accessory nerve

A

MVST

45
Q

Functionof MVST

A

adjust head postion in response to posture change
coordiates eye movement with each other
Vestibuloccular reflex

46
Q

what adjust head position in response to posture change, coordinates eye movment together and a VOR

A

medial vestibular tract

47
Q

What other CNs do MVST project to through the MLF

A

CN III, IV, VI to coordiante eye movements with each other

48
Q

Controls neck muscles

A

Medial VST

49
Q

excites axial extensor ms (antigravity)

A

Lateral VST

50
Q

Input to reticular nuclei is the

A

cortex

51
Q

Medullary and Lateral RST is:

A

bilateral and INHIBITS LMNS to inhibit extensor msl contraction

52
Q

what has bilateral innervation to inhibiti LMNS to prevent extensor msl contraction

A

Medullary and Lateral reticulospinal Tract (both reticulospinal tract)

53
Q

Reticulospinal tracts are composed of scattered groups of neuron cell bodies and fibers that extend throughout the:

A

brainstem

54
Q

REticulospinal tract input to reticular nuclei is

A

cortex

55
Q

Reticulospinal tract from Medullary/lateral RST is:

A

bilaterall and inhibits LMNs to inhibit msl contration

56
Q

Reticulospinal tract from Pontine/ medial RST:

A

ipsliateral and Excites LMNS–> stimulates extensor msl contraction

57
Q

Why do we see symptoms we do on Decerebrate rigidity

A

midbrain transsection removes excitatory coritcal input to the INHIBITORY LRST which ascending input to MRST is intact
the faciliaroy influce of MRST is unopposed by inhibitor influence of LRST so we see extensor motor neurons.

Med Neuro Block 3 (9 decks)

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