brainstem Flashcards
somatic motor?
GSE:
CN 3,4,6,12
Visceral motor
both
SVE: Branchial motor
CN 5,7, ambiguus 9 and 10, and 11
parasympathetic GVE:
edinger westphal nucleus (3)
superior cn7:salivatory
inerior cn9: salivatory
dorsal motor of vagus: smooth muscle, cardiac and glands
acessory spinal nucleus: trapezius and SCM
nucleus ambuguus 9 and 10
in medullary formation
cell bodies of soft palate, larynx and pharynx
(speech and swallowing)
General Somatosensory (GSA)
Trigeminal nuclei (V, VII, IX, X)
Special Somatic Sensory (SSA)
Special Somatic Sensory (SSA)
Cochlear and vestibular (VIII)
Function: olfaction, vision, hearing, vestibular system
visceral sensory
GVA: nucleus solitarius caudal (IX, X)-cardio-respiratory and digestive
SVA: Taste-nucleus solitarius rostral (VII, IX, X)
reticular formation
a diffuse network of nerve pathways in the brainstem connecting the spinal cord, cerebrum, and cerebellum, and mediating the overall level of consciousness.
periaqueductal gray matter
pain supression
links amygdaloid body and ANS controls CN 3 and 4
Corpora quadrigemina
tectum
dorsal protrusions
Superior colliculi—visual reflex centers
Inferior colliculi—auditory relay centers
substantia niagra
functionally linked to basal nuclei
dopamnergic cells
Red nucleus
Red nucleus—relay nuclei for some descending motor pathways; part of reticular formation
functions of the medulla ob.
Functions overlap with hypothalamus
Hypothalamus relays instructions via medulla
Cardiovascular center
Cardiac center adjusts force and rate of heart contraction
Vasomotor center adjusts blood vessel diameter for blood pressure regulation
Respiratory centers
Generate respiratory rhythm
Control rate and depth of breathing (with pontine centers)
Additional medullary centers regulate: Vomiting, hiccupping, swallowing, coughing, and sneezing.
Inferior olivary nuclei
medulla
Inferior olivary nuclei—relay sensory information from muscles and joints to cerebellum
Vestibular nuclei (pons and medulla
mediate responses that maintain equilibrium
Spinocerebellar Tracts
Spinocerebellar Tracts
Ventral and dorsal tracts
Convey information about muscle or tendon stretch to cerebellum
Used to coordinate muscle activity
name ascending pathways
Dorsal column–medial lemniscal pathways
Spinothalamic pathways
Spinocerebellar tracts
name indirect descending pathway
Reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts
Rubrospinal tracts
Superior colliculi and tectospinal tracts
name direct descending pathway
pyramidal (corticospinal)l tracts
spinothalamic tract
Transmit pain, temperature, coarse touch, and pressure impulses within lateral spinothalamic tract
c fibers vs a delta fibers
Primary somatosensory unmyelinated (C fibers) and small myelinated (A delta fibers) that convey nociceptive information (fast, localizing pain), temperature sensation, and light, moving touch
what conveys chronic pain
This spinothalamic tract system does not convey chronic, agonizing, deep pain that characterizes many chronic diseases; such chronic “slow” pain is conveyed through a vast polysynaptic network through the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and then the lateral reticular formation of the brain.
spinocerebellar tract
Used to coordinate muscle activity
lesions on spinocerebellar tract
Lesions results in ipsilateral ataxia, dysmetria, clumsiness, and mild hypotonia, with impaired ability to perform heel-to-shin testing and tandem walking).
Dorsal Column–Medial Lemniscal Pathways
Transmit input to somatosensory cortex for discriminative touch and vibrations
Composed of paired fasciculus cuneatus and fasciculus gracilis in spinal cord and medial lemniscus in brain (medulla to thalamus) to primary somatosensory cortex
trigeminal sensory
3 types
mesencephalic
chief
spinal trigemnal
mesencephalic trigeminal
proprioception of muscles of mastication , tongue ans extraocular muscles
jaw jerk reflex
chief trigemona;
fine touch and dental pressure
spinal trigeminal
crude touch
pain and temp
trigeminal neuroglia
Brief excruxiating pain
stopped by surgical decompression of blood vessel
upper motor neuron syndrome
above alpha motor neuron
hypertonia
clonus
spacticity
clonus
Clonus. Sometimes the stretch reflex is so strong that the muscle contracts a number of times in a 5-7 Hz oscillation
What kind of CN Nuclei would control motor information about the thoracoabdominal viscera above the splenic flexture
parasympathetic GVE
olfaction and visison don’t have ssnory nuclei in the brain stem
T/F ?
T
