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physiology > ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PERIODONTIUM > Flashcards

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PERIODONTIUM Flashcards

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PERIODONTIUM

1
Q

periodontal disease

A

General term used to describe a chronic infectious inflammatory process that affects the supporting structures of the dentition.
It is the most common chronic infection in humankind

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2
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation involving only the gingival (gum) tissues 90% of population

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3
Q

Chronic Periodontitis:

A

Chronic Periodontitis: Progress of inflammation resulting in loss of collagen attachment to the root surface, apical migration of the pocket epithelium, formation of deepened periodontal pockets and resorption of alveolar bone.

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4
Q

PERIODONTUM=

A

Periodontal Attachment Apparatus + Gingiva

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5
Q

Periodontal Attachment Apparatus

A

Alveolar Bone
Periodontal Ligament
Cementum

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6
Q

Periodontium: Histologically includes:

A

Periodontium: Histologically includes: Attached gingiva, oral epithelium, sulcular epithelium, Junctional epithelium, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone

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7
Q

masticatory mucosa

A

25% of total mucosa
free attached and interdental gingiva
keratinized

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8
Q

lining mucosa

A

veral(underside of tongue , alveolar mucosa, cheeks, lips,and soft palate
NON KERATINIZED

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9
Q

Types of gingiva

A

Marginal
- Attached
Interdental

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10
Q

free/marginal

A

Coral pink/physiologic pigmentation in health
Surrounds teeth in a collar like manner
Forms soft wall of the gingival sulcus

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11
Q

gingival groove

A

depression on the facial surface of the gingiva

Separates the unattached gingiva (free gingiva) from the attached gingiva

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12
Q

when can the gingival be seen

A

in 50% of patients

not seen during inflammation

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13
Q

gingival sulcus

A 
Shallow, “v” shaped crevice/space that surrounds the tooth
Its measurement (in health 0-3 mm) is a diagnostic clinical parameter
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14
Q

gingival sulcus boundries

A

Laterally: the tooth and free gingiva
Coronally: the margin of the free gingiva
Apically: junctional attachment epithelium

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15
Q

attached gingiva extends ..

A

Extends apically from the free gingival groove to the mucogingival junction

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16
Q

attached gingiva

facial / lingual :widest and narrowest regions

A

Facial widest: Maxillary incisor region
Facial narrowest: Mandibular PM region
Lingual widest: Mandibular molar region
Lingual narrowest: Mandibular incisor region

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17
Q

attached gingiva

A

Firmly bound down to the underlying periosteum of the alveolar bone

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18
Q

col ?

A

valley like depression that connects facial and linguial papilla

19
Q

MUCOGINGIVAL JUNCTION locations ?

A

Maxillary buccal, Mandibular buccal and lingual.

20
Q

where can’t MUCOGINGIVAL JUNCTION be found

A

There is NO MGJ on palate because palatal tissue is

all bound down to periosteum of the hard palate, there is NO alveolar mucosal tissue on the palate.

21
Q

alveola mucosa

A

Non-keratinized
Movable
Loosely connected to the underlying tissues
Smooth surface
Darker color than gingiva due to proximity to underlying blood vessels and lack of keratinization

22
Q

composition of gingiva

A

Collagen fibers and ground substancfe

overlying stratified squamous epithelial surface

23
Q

3 distinct areas of gingival epithelium

A

outer, sulcular and junctional

24
Q

outer gingival epithelium

A

4 stratum layers(all except lucidum)

25
Q

sulcar epithelium

A

Lines the sulcus
Acts as a semi-permeable membrane through which bacterial byproducts pass from the gingiva (via the sulcus) into the gingival tissue fluids

26
Q

SULCULAR EPITHELIUM contain what kind of cell

A

langerhan

27
Q

what type of epithelium is found in junctional epi

A

Band of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

28
Q

junctional epithelium

A

Part of the attachment between tooth and gingiva. Firmly attached to the tooth surface forming an epithelial barrier against bacterial plaque invasion
Permable to passage of gingival fluid, host defense inflammatory cells to the gingival margin
AVASCULAR

29
Q

layers of the junctional epithelium

A

2 layers thick: basal layer and prickle layer

30
Q

GINGIVAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE COMPOSITION?

A

Composed of fibers, fiberblasts, blood vessels, nerves and ground substance

31
Q

Fibers of GINGIVAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE?

A

Type I collagen: predominant fiber type-add stability

Other fiber types: Reticular, Elastic, Oxytalan

32
Q

ground substance of GINGIVAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE?

A

Ground substance: water, sugars, proteins

33
Q

PDL

A

Vascular and cellular connective tissue that goes around the root and connects the tooth to the bone
.25mm

34
Q

Sharpey’s fibers

A

Calcified insertions of bundles of PDL fibers into cementum and bone

35
Q

GINGIVAL FIBER GROUPS?

A

Dentogingival, dentoperiosteal, circular, circumfrential, intercircular, intergingival

36
Q

fibers of gingiva:

Dentogingival vs dentoperiosteal

A

Dentogingival
On the facial, lingual and interproximal surfaces
Extend from the cementum to the gingiva
Provide gingival support
and
Dentoperiosteal
Extend from the cementum to the periosteum

37
Q

fibers of gingiva:
circular
intercircular
intergingival

A

Circular/Circumferential
Encircle the tooth in a ringlike manner
Maintain the contour & position of the free marginal gingivaInterpapillary
Provides support for the interdental gingiva
Intercircular
Stabilizes the tooth within the arch
Intergingival
Provides support and contour of the attached gingiva

38
Q

Principle Fibers of the PDL

A

Type I collagen (80%), Type III collagen (20%)
Oxytalan fibers: function in supportive, developmental and/or sensory role associated with blood vessels and nerves, not attached to bone and cementum

39
Q

Six PDL fiber groups (Dentoalveolar)

transeptal, alveloar crest and horizontal

A

PDL fiber groups (Dentoalveolar)

transeptal, alveloar crest and horizontal ,oblique, apical and interradicular

40
Q

PDL fiber groups (Dentoalveolar)

transeptal, alveloar crest and horizontal

A

Transseptal – prevent teeth from losing contact
Alveolar Crest-help prevent extrusion (keeps tooth in alveolus), resist lateral tooth movement and protect deeper PDL structures
Horizontal- opposes lateral forces

41
Q

PDL fibers : oblique, apical and interradicular

A

Oblique - largest fiber group, bears the brunt of vertical chewing forces
Apical – prevents tooth from tipping and extruding, protects blood vessels and nerve supply to the tooth
Interradicular - prevents tooth from tipping and extruding

42
Q

Epithelial Rests of Malassez

A

Epithelial Rests of Malassez are remnants of Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath that occur as nests of cells within the periodontal ligament. These cells may proliferate and form a cyst

43
Q

PDL FUNCTIONS

A

Supportive, Transmission of occlusal (biting) forces to the bone, Attachment of the teeth to the bone, Shock absorber
Formation and resorption
Nutritional and Sensory

44
Q

CEMENTUM

A

Calcified, avascular, mesenchymal tissue that covers the anatomic root

physiology (17 decks)

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