ANS

Question 1

The somatic motor system innervates

Answer 1

The somatic motor system innervates striated skeletal muscle and controls [voluntary] movement of the body.

Question 2

Autonomic motor systems target

Answer 2

Autonomic motor systems target smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. (sweat and salivary)

Question 3

Sympathetic efferents exit the CNS from the spinal cord between

Answer 3

Sympathetic efferents (red) exit the CNS from the spinal cord between the T1 and L2 levels.

Question 4

Parasympathetic efferents (blue) exit the CNS via the cranial nerves

Answer 4

Parasympathetic efferents (blue) exit the CNS via the cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, and X) or from the sacral spinal cord.

Question 5

In both divisions, the CNS efferents in the ANS project to

Answer 5

autonomic ganglia, and are called ‘preganglionic neurons’.

Question 6

Sympathetic ganglia are lined up along

Answer 6

the spinal cord (paravertebral, chain, trunk ganglia) or in accessory ganglia in the abdominal cavity (prevertebral).

Question 7

sympathetic Preganglionic neurons typically project their axons only a short distance from the

Answer 7

the lateral gray matter of the spinal cord to ganglia in the sympathetic chain or nearby the accessory ganglia. * Except to adrenal gland

Question 8

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons

Answer 8

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons have long axons that project to the target organs.

Question 9

parasympathetic pre and postganglionic axons

Answer 9

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons typically send their axons a long distance.
Parasympathetic postganglionic neuronal axons are typically short, projecting locally from the ganglion to the target.

Question 10

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release

Answer 10

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine.

Question 11

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons release __ and acts through __- on target organs. Excitatory or inhibitory depending on target.

Answer 11

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine (NE). NE acts through a and/or b adrenergic receptors on target organs. Excitatory or inhibitory depending on target.

Question 12

Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release __ which acts through ___ receptors on target organs. Excitatory or inhibitory depending on target.

Answer 12

Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release ACh which acts through muscarinic cholinergic receptors on target organs. Excitatory or inhibitory depending on target.

Question 13

Sympathetic preganglionic efferents can form synapses:

3 places

Answer 13

In the paravertebral ganglia at the same level (1)
In the paravertebral ganglia at a different level (2)
In accessory sympathetic (prevertebral) ganglia (3)

Question 14

sympathetic Preganglionic neurons with cell bodies in the lateral horn of the spinal cord send axons through

Answer 14

Preganglionic neurons with cell bodies in the lateral horn of the spinal cord send axons through the ventral root to the white ramus communicans to enter the paravertebral or accessory ganglia.

Question 15

sympathetic Postganglionic neurons send their axons through the __ at the level of the synapse to join the motor component of the spinal nerve (paravertebral) or from the __

Answer 15

Postganglionic neurons send their axons through the gray ramus communicans at the level of the synapse to join the motor component of the spinal nerve (paravertebral) or from the accessory ganglia to abdominal organs.

Question 16

White rami communicans are present only between __ whereas gray rami communicans ___

Answer 16

White rami communicans are present only between T1 and L2, whereas gray rami communicans span the entire length of the paravertebral ganglia/spinal column.

Question 17

Superior Cervical Ganglion (fibers ascend)

.

Answer 17

Superior Cervical Ganglion (fibers ascend)
Preganglionic neurons emerge from levels T1-T4.
Ganglionic neurons innervate the head.
sweating of face
dialation of pupils
inhibition of salivary glands

Question 18

Middle and Inferior Cervical Ganglia (fibers ascend)

Answer 18

Preganglionic neurons emerge at levels T1-T6.

Ganglionic neurons innervate thoracic structures.

Question 19

Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Accessory Ganglia

Answer 19

Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Accessory Ganglia
Preganglionic neurons emerge from levels T5-L2.
Ganglionic neurons innervate abdominal organs.

Question 20

Inferior Mesenteric Accessory Ganglion

Answer 20

Inferior Mesenteric Accessory Ganglion
Preganglionic neurons emerge at levels T10-L2.
Ganglionic neurons innervate the rectum, bladder and genitals.

Question 21

Chromaffin cells

Answer 21

Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla behave like sympathetic postganglionic neurons, releasing epinephrine (adrenaline) into the blood stream.

Question 22

CN III: Oculomotor nerves

Preganglionic and post.

Answer 22

CN III: Oculomotor nerves
Preganglionic neurons originate in the midbrain and project to the ciliary ganglia in the eye orbits.
Postganglionic neurons innervate muscles in the eye.

Question 23

CN VII: Facial nerves

Preganglionic neurons and post

Answer 23

CN VII: Facial nerves
Preganglionic neurons originate in the pons and project to the pterygopalatine ganglia or submandibular ganglia in the face.
Postganglionic neurons innervate nasal and lacrimal glands or salivary glands, respectively.

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Question 24

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal nerves

Preganglionic and post

Answer 24

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal nerves
Preganglionic neurons originate in the medulla and project to the otic ganglia in the head.
Postganglionic neurons project to the parotid salivary glands.

Question 25

CN X: Vagus nerves

Preganglionic and post

Answer 25

CN X: Vagus nerves
Preganglionic neurons originate in the medulla and project through cardiac, pulmonary, and abdominal plexuses to ganglia in the walls of visceral target organs.
Postganglionic neurons project locally within target organs.