Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SP17: Anatomy Test 1 > Brainstem > Flashcards

Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three broad functions of the brainstem?

A
  1. Conduit
  2. Cranial nerve
  3. Integrative
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is the brainstem a conduit?

A

Information goes to the cortex and spinal cord thru the brainstem (white matter tracts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the integrative functions of the brainstem?

A

Complex motor patterns, cardiorespiratory control, reflexes

Mostly through reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three main anatomical subdivisions of the brainstem?

A
  1. Medulla
  2. Pons
  3. Midbrain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In the brainstem, where is the corticospinal tract?

A

Anterior portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In the brainstem, where is the spinothalamic tract?

A

Anterolateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In the brainstem, where is the medial leminscus?

A

Varies in location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the tegmentum located in each section of the brainstem?

A

Medulla: Posterior
Pons: Posterior
Midbrain: Middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is the tectum located in each part of the brainstem?

A

It is posterior to the ventricle in the pons and midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What consists of the stuff added to the tectum and tegmentum in each section?

A

Medulla: Olive and pyramid

Pons: Pons

Midbrain: cerebral peduncles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some major external features in the medulla?

A

Anterior: Pyramids, pyramidal decusation, olive (anterolateral)

Posterior: Obex, cuneate and gracile tubercles

CN: IX, X, XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some external features of the pons?

A

Anterior: Basal pons

Posterior: Middle, inferior, and superior cerebellar peduncle

CN: VII, VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some external features of the midbrain?

A

Anterior: Cerebral peduncles

Posterior: Cerebral aqueduct, superior colliculus, inferior colliculus, inferior brachium

CN: III, IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some distinct features of the caudal medulla?

A
  • Clear central canal of grey matter
  • Pyramidal decussation at anterior
  • NO 4th ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are distinctive features of the rostral medulla?

A
  • Visible 4th ventricle in the posterior
  • Olive with inferior olivary nuclei
  • Hypoglossal nucleus
  • space between two pyramids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some distinctive features of the caudal pons?

A
  • Large 4th ventricle in the posterior
  • attached to cerebellum by middle cerebellar peduncle
  • inferior cerebellar peduncle is visible
17
Q

What indicates middle pons vs. caudal pons?

A

Middle pons has larger superior cerebellar peduncle and no inferior cerebellar peduncle

18
Q

What are some distinct features of the rostral pons?

A

Looks like alien brain

  • 4th ventricle is much smaller than caudal
  • Lots of white matter in the pons including corticospinal tract
19
Q

What are some distinctive features of the caudal midbrain?

A
  • Heavily stained decusation of the superior cerebellar peduncle right in the middle just anterior to the aqueduct
  • Inferior colliculus on posterolateral aspects
  • CN IV seperated from the rest of the structure laterally
20
Q

What are some distinctive features of the rostral midbrain?

A
  • cerebral peduncles very lateral with large anterior space between them
  • CN III in the middle of the structure
  • substantia Nigra between the cerebral peduncles and the superior cerebellar peduncles
21
Q

What are the four types of axons in spinal nerves?

A

Somatic sensory: pain, temp., mechanorecepters

Visceral sensory: GI tract, blood vessels

Visceral motor: preganglionic autonomic

Somatic motor: innervate skeletal muscle

22
Q

How are the types of cranial nerve nuclei arranged in the brainstem?

A

Posterolateral to anteromedial

SS, VS, VM, SM

23
Q

What is different about the nuclear arrangement in the brainstem than in the spinal cord?

A

Not all columns are in all levels, and some are discontinuous

24
Q

Along with somatic sensory, visceral sensory, visceral motor, and somatic motor, what are the two other possible functions of cranial nerves?

A

Special sensory: hearing, equilibrium

Brachial motor: innervate muscles derived from pharyngeal arches (larynx, pharynx, jaw, face)

*No cranial nerve has all 6

25
Q

What is the name, type, and function of cranial nerve I?

A

Olfactory

Special Sensory afferent

Smell

26
Q

CN II?

A

Optic

Special sensory afferent

Vision

27
Q

CN III?

A

Oculomotor

General sensory efferent, general visceral efferent

Eye movement, pupil constriction and accommodation (focus)

28
Q

CN IV?

A

Trochlear

General sensory efferent

Eye movement

29
Q

CN V?

A

Trigeminal

General sensory afferent, Special visceral efferent

Head and neck sensation, motor for muscles of mastication

30
Q

CN VI?

A

Abducens

General sensory efferent

Eye movement

31
Q

CN VII?

A

Facial

General sensory afferent, Special sensory afferent,
Special visceral efferent,
General visceral efferent

Sense around ear, taste, facial expression, secretomotor

32
Q

CN VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear

Special sensory afferent

Hearing and balance

33
Q

CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal

Special Visceral efferent, General visceral efferent,
General visceral afferent,
General sensory afferent,
Special sensory afferent

Stylopharyngeus, secretomotor, carotid body and sinus, part of tongue, taste

34
Q

CN X?

A

Vagus

Special visceral efferent,
General visceral efferent,
Special sensory afferent,
General sensory afferent

Pharynx/larynx muscles and glands, stretch and chemoreceptors in aorta, skin on back of ear

35
Q

CN XI?

A

Accessory

Special visceral efferent

Sternomastoid and trapezius

36
Q

CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal

General sensory efferent

Tongue

37
Q

From where does the blood supply come from for the brainstem?

A

Two caudal vertebral arteries come together to form basilar artery

These vertebral arteries, the basilar artery and its perforating branches supply the brainstem

38
Q

What arteries supply the lateral brainstem?

A

Circumferential arteries

SP17: Anatomy Test 1 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions