Brainscape Bot Deck 9

Question 1

verb

to consider or judge something in a particular way:

[ + obj + noun/adj ] The area has now been ____ed safe.
[ + noun/adj ] We will provide help whenever you ____ it appropriate.
[ + obj + to infinitive ] Anyone not paying the registration fee by 31 March will be ____ed to have withdrawn from the offer.
The president asked Congress for authority to take whatever steps he ____ed necessary, including the use of force.

Answer 1

deem

Question 2

adjective

If something is _______, it is real and exactly what it appears to be:

If it is a _______ Michelangelo drawing, it will sell for millions.
He’s a very _______ person.
Machiko looked at me with _______ surprise - “Are you really going?” she said.
_______ leather
a _______ masterpiece
She showed _______ (= sincere) sorrow at the news.
No one doubts the _______ness of your concern.
_______ leather

real: That’s not his real hair, is it? I thought it was a bad wig!
_______: The painting is a _______ Picasso.
authentic: The clerk certified that the documents were authentic.
honest-to-goodness: My father is an honest-to-goodness door-to-door salesman.

Answer 2

genuine

Question 3

noun

a sudden light fall of snow, blown in different directions by the wind:

We might see a snow ______ or two tonight.
The prince’s words on marriage have prompted a ______ of speculation in the press this week.
a ______ of activity
Heavy snow will be tapering off to _____ies in the morning.
There was a ______ of excitement as the president walked in.

activity: There were several police vans and a lot of activity in the area.
bustle: I miss the bustle of the big city.
hustle and bustle: She got used to the hustle and bustle of daily life.
______ of activity: What was the reason behind this sudden ______ of activity?
burst of activity: It’s usually quiet in the shop, but occasionally we have a sudden burst of activity.
hubbub: I couldn’t find her with all the hubbub going on.

Answer 3

flurry

Question 4

adjective

in charge of a formal meeting, ceremony, or trial:

The _________ officer immediately called a recess.
the _________ judge
The role of the _________ officer is to manage meetings.

Answer 4

presiding

Question 5

adjective

too proud of yourself and your actions and abilities:

Without wishing to sound _________, I am the best salesperson in the company.

proud: Don’t be too proud to admit you’re wrong.
pompous: What a pompous jerk!
self-important: The room was filled with self-important politicians.
superior: Her superior and smug manner made conversation unbearable.
arrogant: I can’t stand how arrogant he is!

Answer 5

conceited

Question 6

verb

to add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc. with new information:

Recent research seems to ___________ his theory.
Recent research seems to ___________ the theory.
She accused him without __________ion of any kind.

Answer 6

corroborate

Question 7

verb

to guess something, without having much or any proof:

[ + (that) ] The police _______ (that) the robbers have fled the country.
My _______ turned out to be right.
The article is pure _______ and innuendo.
[ + (that) clause ] I quickly _______d (that) my dinner companion was something of a bore.

guess: Guess who called yesterday?
estimate: They estimate that the work will take at least ten weeks.
divine: Mum had divined my state of mind rather shrewdly.
_______: From the expression on his face, she _______d that something bad had happened.
conjecture: It would be reasonable to conjecture that lack of exercise contributed to his obesity.
speculate: A spokesperson declined to speculate on the cause of the plane crash.

Answer 7

surmise

Question 8

adjective

sad and without hope:

a ______ expression
The acting was ______, wasn’t it?
What ______ weather!
The trip was a ______ failure.
In January, after a ______ holiday sales season, the retailer filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.
______ picture/news/outlook Another damper on investment is the ______ picture for corporate profits.
Investors may be deterred by the ______ performance of telecoms shares in recent weeks.

Answer 8

dismal

Question 9

noun

someone who behaves badly or does not obey rules:

We need to discourage _________s.

Answer 9

miscreant

Question 10

verb

to shake slightly in a way that you cannot control, for example because you are frightened, angry, or excited, or because of illness:

I was ______ing with fear, panicking that I had not made the right decision.
At her side Michael _______d uncontrollably. He was so distraught he could not speak.
I could see them coming for me. I was already ______ing in anticipation when they grabbed me.
Her bottom lip _______d, and tears welled up in her eyes.
His voice started to _______, and I thought he was going to cry.
The pair remained calm as the earth _______d beneath their feet.
I could tell the wind was rising - the leaves were ______ing on the trees.
There was a slight _______ in her voice as she recalled her husband.
The first symptom of the illness was a _______ in his right hand.
I was on the other side of the building when the mortar hit and I actually felt the _______ of the ground.
Grant was ______ing with excitement.
Her hand _______d as she lifted her cup.
There was a slight _______ in her voice as she recalled her husband.

Answer 10

tremble

Question 11

adjective

A ________ disease or poison is dangerous and spreads or affects people very quickly:

Several newspapers mounted ________ attacks.
________ speech
a ________ strain of flu
A particularly ________ strain of flu has recently claimed a number of lives in the region.
She is a ________ critic of US energy policy.

Answer 11

virulent

Question 12

noun

a lack of equality or similarity, especially in a way that is not fair:

[ C ] He will oppose a gross _________ in salary increases between teachers and other state employees.
economic/income/pay _________ Manhattan had the greatest income _________ between rich and poor residents outside Puerto Rico.
growing/huge/increasing _________
One of her priorities will be to eliminate pay _________ between men and women for equal work.
The state has been criticized nationally for large ________ies in spending among school districts.
the growing _________ between rich and poor

difference: What’s the difference between the two cars?
distinction: There’s a clear distinction between the two countries’ cultures.
contrast: I like the contrast of those red shoes with your black suit.
discrepancy: There is some discrepancy between the two accounts.
chasm: There is a widening chasm between public health officials and popular opinion.
gulf: Peace talks attempted to bridge the gulf between the two warring nations.

Answer 12

disparity

Question 13

adjective

(especially of people and their behaviour) very energetic:

Young and _________, he symbolizes Italy’s new vitality.
He is an _________ dancer.
His ________ce is contagious.

Answer 13

exuberant

Question 14

verb

If a condition _______s, it becomes less strong or extreme:

As the pain in my foot _______d, I was able to walk the short distance to the car.
There is a danger that many homes will _______ because of the drought.
Eventually the flood waters began to _______.
When her pain didn’t _______, Matt drove her to the hospital.
Friction between the groups _______d gradually.
Forecasters predict the high tides will _______ today.
The police are hoping that the violence will soon _______.

Answer 14

subside

Question 15

adjective

of or relating to dogs:

This vet specializes in ______ pets.
The city’s ______ population (= the number of dogs in the city) has grown dramatically over recent years.

Answer 15

canine

Question 16

adjective

A ________ place is empty and not attractive, with no people or nothing pleasant in it:

The house stood in a bleak and ________ landscape.
She felt ________ when her best friend moved away.
a ________ landscape
When her son left for a year abroad, she felt ________.

lonely: I’ve been lonely since my friends moved away.
lonesome: US I’m feeling lonesome.
isolated: I wouldn’t like living out in the country - I’d feel isolated from the rest of the world.
forlorn: The characters, a flighty heiress and her forlorn suitor, are a delight.
lorn: He’s a lone, lorn creature.
________: After the market crash, ________ financiers left the field.

Answer 16

desolate

Question 17

adjective

unable to produce plants or fruit:

We drove through a ______, rocky landscape.
She became very depressed during the ______ years when she was unable to paint.
The landscape was ______, with not a tree or shrub in sight.

Answer 17

barren

Question 18

verb

to try to do or continue doing something in a determined way, despite having problems:

It looks as if the policy will be a success, providing that the government _________s and does not give in to its critics.
The education director is ________ing in his attempt to obtain additional funding for the school.
Despite receiving little support, the women are ________ing with their crusade to fight crime.
If I had _________d, I probably would have gotten the job.
Perseverance accounts for much of their success.

Answer 18

persevere

Question 19

verb

to ask someone for money, information, or help:

to _______ donations for a charity
It is illegal for public officials to _______ gifts or money in exchange for favours.
He’s _______ing funds to keep the library open.
Grace has run an online campaign to _______ employee suggestions.
[ C ] I get a lot of phone _______ations from banks.
He created a company website to _______ donations for victims of the disaster.
_______ sth from sb The group had plans to _______ money from professionals such as doctors and lawyers.
The building company will circulate details of proposed developments and _______ feedback.
It generated about 40% of its new customers through telemarketers hired to call and _______ potential customers.
Insurance agents cannot _______ business at your home without an appointment.

Answer 19

solicit

Question 20

adjective

(especially of old people) healthy and strong:

Her grandfather was _______________, walking five miles each day before breakfast.

Answer 20

hale and hearty

Question 21

adjective

with strong muscles and little fat:

The fighter had a strong, ______ body.

Answer 21

sinewy

Question 22

adjective

easily annoyed:

a _______, bad-tempered person

Answer 22

peevish

Question 23

adjective

understood without being expressed directly:

He gave _____ approval to the plan.
_____ agreement/approval/support

Answer 23

tacit

Question 24

noun

a guess about something based on how it seems and not on proof:

[ + that clause ] Some employees __________ that it was a money-saving move.
[ U ] What lay behind the decision is open to __________.
[ + that ] He __________d that the company would soon be in financial trouble.
There’s been a lot of __________ in the media recently about the marriage.
We’ll never know exactly how she died; we can only __________.

estimate: They estimate that the work will take at least ten weeks.
divine: Mum had divined my state of mind rather shrewdly.
surmise: From the expression on his face, she surmised that something bad had happened.
__________: It would be reasonable to __________ that lack of exercise contributed to his obesity.
speculate: A spokesperson declined to speculate on the cause of the plane crash.
guess: Guess who called yesterday?

Answer 24

conjecture

Question 25

adjective

often in a bad mood, unfriendly, and not polite:

He gave me a _____ look.
The clerks in this post office are sullen, _____, and inefficient.
We were served by a very _____ waiter.

bad-tempered: He’s so bad-tempered! He never should have become a teacher.

irritable: Be careful what you say; he’s very irritable today.
grumpy: I’m just a little tired and grumpy today.
cranky: US She’s very cranky because she has a toothache.
impatient: I’m too impatient for fishing.

Answer 25

surly

Question 26

adjective

more important or better than others:

She is the ___________ authority in her subject.

Answer 26

pre-eminent

Question 27

adjective

famous, respected, or important:

an _______ historian
The commission consisted of fifteen _______ political figures.
This shows _______ good sense.

famous: She went from poor and anonymous to rich and famous.
well known: She’s a well-known artist.
world-famous: They stayed in a world-famous hotel.
celebrated: He’s a celebrated writer of children’s stories.
legendary: He once met the legendary singer, Eartha Kitt.
important: It was one of the most important legal cases of the century.
big: This is a big match tonight - if we lose, we won’t be in the playoffs.
major: This is a major decision so we’d better get it right.
significant: Did he make any significant changes to my suggestions?
renowned: The area is renowned for its beauty.

Answer 27

eminent

Question 28

verb

to mix one thing in with another in a way that is not regular:

The documentary ___________s graphical animations with film clips of the actual event.
Her handwritten notes were ___________d throughout the text.
Framed pictures of her children were ___________d among the books in the bookcase.

Answer 28

intersperse

Question 29

verb

to value a skill or good quality that you have:

He _____s himself on his loyalty to his friends.

Answer 29

pride

Question 30

verb

to give something as an honour or present:

The George Cross is a decoration that is ______ed upon/on British civilians for acts of great bravery.
The country’s highest medal was ______ed upon him for heroism.

give: Give me that dirty plate.
offer: Your doctor should be able to offer advice.
provide: This booklet provides useful information about local services.
supply: The lake supplies the whole town with water.
donate: Four hundred dollars has been donated to the school book fund.

Answer 30

bestow

Question 31

adjective

used to emphasize that something is not large or important:

The plane crashed ____ minutes after take-off.
It cost a ____ 20 dollars.
The ____ thought of it (= just thinking about it) makes me feel sick.
People became excited at the ____ mention of his name.
the ____ idea/possibility/prospect of something
The ____ fact that Greene plays for the Yankees gives him a lot of visibility.
The city receives a ____ 20% of the parking revenues.

Answer 31

mere

Question 32

noun

a loud noise, especially that produced by an excited crowd, or a state of confusion, change, or uncertainty:

You couldn’t hear her speak over the ______ from the screaming fans.
From every direction, people were running and shouting and falling over each other in a ______ of confusion.
The financial markets are in ______.
[ U ] mental ______
[ C usually sing ] a ______ of emotion
[ U ] The garden sits amid the ______ of downtown Vancouver.
The honoree received ______uous applause.

Answer 32

tumult

Question 33

verb

to (cause something to) lose value, especially over time:

Our car __________d (by) $1,500 in the first year we owned it.
In the last year our house has __________d in value.
Malawi’s currency was rapidly _________ing.
The dollar’s _________ion will lead to higher inflation and interest rates, hurting the economy.
Machine tools are typically __________d over seven years.
In the short term the euro is expected to __________ against the dollar.
The value of a real antique increases over the years, but a reproduction immediately __________s in value.
The government allowed the currency to __________ by 4% to 5% a year to boost Indonesia’s export competitiveness.

Answer 33

depreciate

Question 34

adjective

having unlimited power over other people, and often using it unfairly and cruelly:

A handful of corrupt and ________ leaders make the decisions.
a ________ government/regime

Answer 34

despotic

Question 35

noun

a young deer

Big movie stars are ____ed over by the waiters at the restaurant.

Answer 35

fawn

Question 36

verb

to announce something publicly or officially, especially something positive:

All the countries have ________ed their loyalty to the alliance.
Republican party members were confidently ________ing victory even as the first few votes came in.
[ + that ] It was the famous speech in which he ________ed that socialism was dead.
[ + two objects ] She was ________ed Queen at the age of 13 after the sudden death of her father.
Wearing scarves and hats which ________ed their allegiance, the football fans flooded into the bar.
She confidently ________ed victory even as the first few votes came in.

Answer 36

proclaim

Question 37

verb

to see, recognize, or understand something that is not clear:

I could just _______ a figure in the darkness.
It is difficult to _______ any pattern in these figures.
He could _______ the note of urgency in their voices.
The exhibit is arranged in no important order that the viewer can _______.

Answer 37

discern

Question 38

noun

the state of being without money, food, a home, or possessions:

Destitution has become a major problem in the capital.
They both died in poverty and ___________.

Answer 38

destitution

Question 39

adjective

not having a strong taste or character or not showing any interest or energy:

I find chicken a little _____.
Pop music these days is so _____.
This sauce has a sharp taste and isn’t _____ at all.

_____: The soup is very _____, it could use more herbs and spices.
tasteless: The boiled chicken is practically tasteless.
flavourless: UK These tomatoes from the grocer’s are flavourless.
insipid: He was drinking an insipid light beer.
watered-down: The bar served bad food and watered-down cocktails.

Answer 39

bland

Question 40

noun

respect for or a good opinion of someone:

There has been a drop in public ______ for teachers.
Because of their achievements they were held in (= given) (high) ______.
Her work is highly ______ed by all her colleagues.
[ + obj + noun/adj ] old-fashioned I would ______ (= consider) it a favour if you would accompany me.
We held them in high/low ______ (= We respected them a lot/very little).
She has long been held in high ______ by the bankers who know her.
Her work is highly ______ed by all her colleagues.

look up to: She was my older sister and I looked up to her.
hold someone in high regard: He contributed much to the life of York, and was held in high regard there.
admire: I’ve always admired her for her generous spirit.
respect: I respect her for what she has achieved, but I would have approached it very differently.
think highly of: Everyone thinks highly of him.
hold someone in high ______: Her colleagues in Washington hold her in very high ______.

Answer 40

esteem

Question 41

noun

a long, angry speech expressing strong disapproval:

My father’s ______s against politicians were famous.
In a furious ______ of abuse, the opposition spokesperson demanded the minister’s resignation.
She launched into an angry/furious ______ about how she had been unfairly treated.

Answer 41

tirade

Question 42

adjective

unreasonably determined, especially to act in a particular way and not to change at all, despite what anyone else says:

He can be very \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ at times.
her \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refusal to compromise
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ weeds
Invading troops met with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ resistance by guerrilla forces.
an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ two-year-old
the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_cy of the human spirit
The engine \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ly refused to start.

Answer 42

obstinate

Question 43

adjective

having a lot of small parts that are arranged in a complicated or delicate way:

The watch mechanism is extremely _________ and very difficult to repair.
The tiled floor is installed in an _________ pattern.
Police officers uncovered an _________ web of deceit.
The novel’s _________ plot will not be easy to translate into a movie.
The antique silver teapot is _________ly engraved.

Answer 43

intricate

Question 44

adjective

deserving respect because of age, high position, or religious or historical importance:

a _________ tradition/company/family
She has worked at such _________ institutions as Boston’s Museum of Fine Arts and the Metropolitan Art Museum in New York.
The _________ American jeweler, Tiffany & Company, appointed a new president.

Answer 44

venerable

Question 45

adjective

wanting to discover as much as you can about things, sometimes in a way that annoys people:

an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ child
an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ mind
She could see \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ faces looking out from the windows next door.
an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ mind
Our neighbors are too \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 45

inquisitive

Question 46

adjective

disappointed and sad because of having failed unexpectedly:

He looked ___________ at their decision.

Answer 46

crestfallen

Question 47

adjective

unhappy and without hope:

UK The vet is rather ______ about my cat’s chances of recovery.
What ______ weather we’re having!
We waited in a ______ waiting room.
Despite ______ predictions, the stock market remains strong.
It was another gray, ______ day.
He watched _____ily as the bus drove off.
The day began _____ily when the power went out.
The stock market is sinking on the back of ______ economic news.
Despite the ______ outlook for personal computer sales in the United States, sales in Japan are strong.
a ______ economic forecast
The cemetery is a ______ place.
a ______ person/expression

Answer 47

gloomy

Question 48

adjective

unable to think or speak clearly because of fever or mental confusion:

She had a high temperature and was _________.
The team arrived home to a _________ reception from its fans.
He grew feverish and then _________.
_________ with joy

Answer 48

delirious

Question 49

adjective

not trusted or respected; thought to have a bad character:

Some of the more ____________ newspapers made false claims about her private life.
a ____________ young man
The information came from ____________ sources.

Answer 49

disreputable

Question 50

verb

to stop something:

Whether the protests will _____ remains to be seen.
The company has decided to _____ all UK operations after this year.
[ + to infinitive ] Workplace nurseries will _____ to be liable for tax.
[ T ] Clapp had to _____ publication because of lack of money.
[ + to infinitive ] It was hard to accept that one day he would simply _____ to exist.

Answer 50

cease

Question 51

adjective

too eager to praise or obey someone:

She is embarrassingly __________ to anyone in authority.
She is embarrassingly __________ to anyone in authority.

Answer 51

obsequious

Question 52

adjective

unpleasantly proud and expecting to be obeyed:

an _________ manner/voice
She was a very _________, arrogant woman.
She sent them away with an _________ wave of the hand.

arrogant: I can’t stand how arrogant he is!
proud: Don’t be too proud to admit you’re wrong.
pompous: What a pompous jerk!
self-important: The room was filled with self-important politicians.
superior: Her superior and smug manner made conversation unbearable.

Answer 52

imperious

Question 53

adjective

very kind and generous towards an enemy or someone you have defeated:

The Yankees’ manager was ___________ in defeat, praising Seattle for its fine play.
The team’s manager was ___________ in victory, and praised the losing team.

Answer 53

magnanimous

Question 54

verb

to remove something intentionally:

The whole country had tried to ______ the memory of the old dictatorship.

Answer 54

efface

Question 55

adjective

confused, because something is difficult to understand or solve:

Police were _________ by the killing because there didn’t seem to be any motive.
The students looked _________, so the teacher tried to explain once again.

Answer 55

perplexed

Question 56

noun

a moment when you suddenly feel that you understand, or suddenly become conscious of, something that is very important to you

Answer 56

epiphany

Question 57

verb

to say formally or publicly that you no longer agree with a belief or way of behaving:

He ______d his religion/his life of dissipation.

Answer 57

abjure

Question 58

adjective

not important and not worth giving attention to:

Prisoners complain that they are subjected to too many _____ rules and restrictions.
Don’t be so _____!
a _____ thief
I don’t have time for _____ matters like that.
The women in the story are _____ and hateful.

Answer 58

petty

Question 59

adjective

able to make ______ons quickly and confidently, or showing this quality:

We had to act quickly and ________ly to put out the fire.
DNA test results were ________ in proving his innocence.
In an emergency, ________ action is called for.
a ________ victory
a ________ role
You need to be more ________.
a ________ reply
These results could prove ________ in establishing the criminal’s identity.

Answer 59

decisive

Question 60

verb

to get something, especially after an effort:

She’s managed somehow to _______ his phone number.
[ + two objects ] He’d _______d us seats in the front row.
We _______d maps and directions from the tourist office.
the city’s _______ment process
_______ capital/funds/financing Low interest rates support bonds by making it cheaper for investors to _______ funds and invest in fixed-income securities.
A small car manufacturer may produce its own engines, but it may also _______ them from a larger firm.

Answer 60

procure

Question 61

noun

an uncomfortable feeling when you doubt if you are doing the right thing:

She had no _____s about lying to the police.
Unfortunately, he said, there are people who have no _____s about bringing in replacement workers for strikers.

Answer 61

qualm

Question 62

adjective

high:

a \_\_\_\_\_ ceiling/mountain/wall
\_\_\_\_\_ sentiments/ideals
a \_\_\_\_\_ attitude/air/tone
\_\_\_\_\_ sentiments
\_\_\_\_\_ mountains

high: The garden is surrounded by a high wall.
tall: Mount Everest is the world’s tallest mountain.
_____: The path winds along the _____ peaks of the Andes.
soaring: Soaring mountains and lush valleys are every nature enthusiast’s dream.

Answer 62

lofty

Question 63

adjective

repeatedly asking for something, in a forceful and annoying way:

an ___________ beggar/crowd
___________ demands

Answer 63

importunate

Question 64

verb

to ask someone to do or not do something in a very sincere, emotional, and determined way:

She _______d her parents not to send her away to school.
She clasped her hands, and glancing upward, seemed to _______ divine assistance.
She _______d him not to leave her.

beg: He begged her to stay, but she wouldn’t listen.
_______: I _______ you to change your mind.
plead with: He pleaded with the guards to be allowed to see his daughter.
appeal to: I appeal to the public to remain calm.
entreat: The banners entreated the government to release the prisoners.
adjure: The gospel adjures us to love one another.

Answer 64

implore

Question 65

adjective

needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort or energy:

He rarely does anything more _________ than changing the channels on the television.
His doctor advised him not to do any _________ exercise.
Strenuous efforts were made throughout the war to disguise the scale of civilian casualties.
I think football is much more _________ than baseball.
He _________ly denies that he is guilty.

Answer 65

strenuous

Question 66

verb

to hate someone or something very much:

I ______ any kind of cruelty.
[ + -ing verb ] I ______ having to get up when it’s dark outside.
her ______ed older brother
She ______ed traveling in hot weather.

hate: I hate camping.
______: I ______ any kind of cruelty.
loathe: “Do you like cabbage?” “No, I loathe it.”
despise: She despised him for the way he treated her.

Answer 66

detest

Question 67

adjective

Uncultivated land is not used to grow crops:

The agency has preserved wetland habitat and encouraged farmers to leave some fields ____________.
We must always remember that he was not an ignorant or ____________ soldier.

Answer 67

uncultivated

Question 68

adjective

done or said in a strong way and without any doubt:

Poland reached the final of the championship yesterday with an ________ 5–0 victory over Italy.
The minister has issued an ________ rejection of the accusation.
Godard is ________ about his preference.
He ________ally denied the rumors.

Answer 68

emphatic

Question 69

noun

someone’s ability to think of clever new ways of doing something:

I was impressed by the _________ and energy of the contestants.
It took some time and a little _________, but we were able to rescue the animals.
With a little _________, meals can be tasty as well as inexpensive.

originality: Her photographic portraits can hardly be accused of lacking originality.
_________: This housewife’s _________ led to the creation of a number of great new household products.
vision: He was a man of great vision.
inventiveness: His domestic designs display an unending inventiveness and account for his best work.
imagination: You’ve always had a very vivid imagination.
creativity: The aim of the award is to encourage creativity and innovation.

Answer 69

ingenuity

Question 70

adjective

Something or someone that is _____________ is so good or important that you could not manage without it, him, or her:

This book is an _____________ resource for researchers.
His long experience at the United Nations makes him _____________ to the talks.
None of our players is _____________.

necessary: Do you have the necessary skills for the job?
need: Does she have the skills needed for work of that sort?
require: Will you require a wake-up call in the morning?
must: The meat must be cooked thoroughly.
essential: Clean water is essential for a society’s health.
fundamental: Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to learning a language.

Answer 70

indispensable

Question 71

verb

to breathe quickly and loudly through your mouth, usually because you have been doing something very energetic:

Matteo arrived at the top of the hill, ____ing and covered in sweat.
[ + speech ] “Hurry! They’re almost here,” she ____ed.
Blake was ____ing hard after running up the hill.

Answer 71

pant

Question 72

noun

public embarrassment:

The incumbent party experienced the ________ of total defeat in the last election.

Answer 72

ignominy

Question 73

adjective

unsuccessful; of no value:

The doctors gave him more powerful drugs in the ____ hope that he might recover.
formal It was ____ to pretend to himself that he was not disappointed.
I tried in ____ to start a conversation.
All the police’s efforts to find him were in ____.
He was very ____ about his hair and his clothes.
a ____ attempt to avoid responsibility
Employers clearly hoped that the workers would stay longer, but their efforts were largely in ____ (= unsuccessful).

Answer 73

vain

Question 74

adjective

seeming to be everywhere:

The eel grass limpet used to be __________ on the New England coast.
The mobile phone, that most __________ of consumer-electronic appliances, is about to enter a new age.
The Swedes are not alone in finding their language under pressure from the __________ spread of English.
Leather is very much in fashion this season, as is the __________ denim.

Answer 74

ubiquitous

Question 75

adjective

increasing by one addition after another:

The __________ effect of using so many chemicals on the land could be disastrous.
No single development is causing the company’s financial trouble – it’s the __________ effect of years of weak leadership.
The __________ effect of using so many chemicals on the land could be disastrous.
The company estimated the net __________ loss would be $26 million.
I’ve long believed that the __________ wisdom of investors can tell us volumes about the future economic environment.
The states have budget shortfalls __________ly totalling $300 billion.

Answer 75

cumulative

Question 76

adjective

(of a person, feelings, or behaviour) not pretending or lying; honest:

a _______ apology
He seems so _______.
_______ modesty/belief/statement
More than _______ words of support, we need action.
She spoke with such ______ity, you had to believe her.

honest: The new MP was refreshingly honest with her constituents.
straight: Just be straight with her and tell her how you feel.
_______: He’s so _______ that you know exactly where you stand with him.
truthful: Are you being truthful with me?

Answer 76

sincere

Question 77

adjective

suitable or right for a particular situation or occasion:

He lost his job after he ___________d some of the company’s money.
The state ___________d funds for more clinics.
I wonder about the ___________ness of borrowing money from my brother.
___________ footwear for the country
Is this film ___________ for small children?
I didn’t think his comments were very ___________ at the time.
Is this an ___________ occasion to discuss finance?
Please complete the ___________ parts of this form (= the parts that are right or necessary for your particular situation) and return it as soon as possible.
He lost his job when he was found to have ___________d some of the company’s money.
As the empire expanded, they eagerly ___________d the artistic styles of neigbouring provinces.
The government have ___________d millions of pounds for the project.
Punishment should be ___________ to the crime.
I don’t have any ___________ clothes.
Those kids aren’t ___________ly dressed for the cold.

___________: Is this film ___________ for young children?

apt: “Unusual”, yes, that’s a very apt description.
fitting: The promotion was a fitting reward for all his hard work.
suitable: This film contains language that is not suitable for children.

Answer 77

appropriate

Question 78

noun

an unwillingness to do something or talk about something, for example because you are nervous or being careful:

His _________ about his past made them very suspicious.
I think my dad had a certain _________ about showing love as he was afraid that people would leave if he did.

Answer 78

reticence