Brain Systems Flashcards
Study all the basic parts of the neuron and barin
:)
Neural Transmission? (4)
- Synapse
- Neurotransmitters:
Dopamine
GABA
Glutamate
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Norepinephrine - Bundles of neurons form a nerve
- Brain regions contains thousands of nerves
Corpus Callosum?
Right and left hemisphere’s are connected by giant collections of fibers called commissures
Contralateral control?
Right hemisphere controls left side of body, and vice versa
Localization of function?
The hypothesis that different functions of thought are performed in different locations in the brain.
Some processes are
lateralized – dominant in one hemisphere (e.g., language production is left)
Hindbrain: brainstem?
Controls automatic processes that regulate basic life-support functions
- breathing
- heart rate
- swallowing
- sleep cycles
Damage can result in coma or death
Contains regions that
produce serotonin,
norepinephrine etc.
Hindbrain: Cerebellum?
- Balance and coordination of voluntary movements
- Damage makes it difficult to coordinate movements, such as walking, playing piano
- Also plays an important role in the ability to perform high-level cognitive tasks (leaning, memory, etc.)
Midbrain?
Superior and inferior colliculus
– Shallow layers: relay centers for sensory information entering the brain
– Deep layers: motor activity, including eye movement
– Damage: can cause problems in hearing, seeing, and motor control
Forebrain?
Sorrounds the midbrain and contains the cerebral cortex
Regulates higher mental processes and enables people to engage in complex learning, memory, thought, and lanuage
Wrinkled out portion is the cortex
Diencephalon (subdivision of forebrain)?
Thalamus: “salience,” (degree to which our attention will be captured in the environment / if something is important) sensory relay
Hypothalamus: Body regulation (body temperature, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior), arousal
Limbic System?
A collection of structures, sometimes called the emotional brain
Basal ganglia
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Responsible for: motivation, emotion, learning, and memory
Amygdala?
“salience” (captures your attention responding to particular pattern) , perception, learning, memory
Very involved with fear responses.
Hippocampus?
Spatial navigation & perception
Memory –creating new memories, integration of new memories with existing memories
Basal Ganglia?
Collection of stucutres:
- Thalamus
- Globus Pallidus
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
- Amygdala
Base of forebrain, top of midbrain
Action-selection, skill, motivation, reward -> active in addiction
The 4 parts of the cortex?
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital love
Frontal lobe (Cortex)?
Planning
Short-term memory
Strategic thinking
Judgement
Social cognition
Movement
Parietal lobe (cortex)?
Processing touch info
Complex sensory integration
Temporal lobe (cortex)?
Hearing
Language
Long-term memory
Occipital lobe (cortex)?
Visual processing
Visual pattern recognition
Sensory and motor Homunculus?
Motor - Section of left hemisphere
Sensory - Section of left hemisphere
Brain structures don’t work alone! - Structural connectivity
Structural connectivity – how is the brain “wired” together?
Connectome is the wiring diagram of the brain (structural)
Functional connectivity?
The extent to which neural activity in two brain regions is correlated
- Use resting state fMRI data
Neural Networks - Default Mode Network?
Responds when a person is NOT involved in specific tasks (it is active “by default”)
Implicated in mind wandering & creativity
