Brain stem

Question 1

Receives blood supply from

Answer 1

vertebrobasilar system

Question 2

central core

Answer 2

reticular formation

Question 3

brainstem three broad functions

Answer 3

conduit for the ascending tracts and descending tracts

reflex centers associated with the control of respiration and the cardiovascular system

contains the important nuclei of cranial nerves III through XII

Question 4

Midbrain CN

Answer 4

3, 4

Question 5

Pons CN

Answer 5

5, 6, 7, 8

Question 6

Upper Medulla CN

Answer 6

9, 10, 11, 12

Question 7

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 7

Supplied by PICA

Contains:

• cardiovascular center
• medullary rhythmicity area of the Respiratory Center
• reflexes for vomiting, swallowing, sneezing, coughing, and hiccupping

Question 8

Medulla’s white matter contains

Answer 8

all sensory (ascending) tracts and motor (descending) tracts

Question 9

Pons blood supply and two major structural components

Answer 9

supplied by basilar artery

a ventral region and a dorsal region

Question 10

ventral region of the pons

Answer 10

forms a large synaptic relay station consisting of scattered gray centers called the pontine nuclei

Question 11

Other nuclei located in the pons

Answer 11

Pneumotaxic area and the Apneustic area

Question 12

Mid brain blood supply and tectum

Answer 12

supplied by PCA

four rounded elevations

two superior elevations, (superior colliculi), serve as reflex centers for certain visual activities

two inferior elevations (inferior colliculi) are part of the auditory pathway

Question 13

Lateral Medullary Syndrome of Wallenberg

Answer 13

supplied by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

• Dysphagia and dysarthria
• Analgesia and thermoanesthesia on the ipsilateral side of the face
• Vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and nystagmus
• Ipsilateral Horner syndrome
• Ipsilateral cerebellar signs
• Contralateral loss of sensations of pain and temperature

Question 14

Medial Medullary Syndrome

Answer 14

supplied by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

• Contralateral hemiparesis
• Contralateral impaired sensations of position and movement and tactile discrimination (medial lemniscus)
• Ipsilateral paralysis of tongue muscles with deviation to the paralyzed side when the tongue is protruded (hypoglossal nerve)

Question 15

Pontine Hemorrhage

Answer 15

supplied by the basilar artery

• • pupils may be pinpoint
• facial paralysis on the side of the lesion
• paralysis of the limbs on the opposite side

Question 16

Infarctions of the Pons

Answer 16

due to thrombosis or embolism of the basilar artery

Question 17

Weber Syndrome

Answer 17

*** an ipsilateral oculomotor paralysis, coupled with a contralateral upper motor neuron paralysis

• dilated, unresponsive pupil, a drooping eyelid, and an eye that deviates downward

Question 18

Benedikt Syndrome

Answer 18

*** ipsilateral paralysis of the oculomotor nerve as well as a tremor of the opposite limb, coupled with possible somatosensory loss in the contralateral side of the body

Question 19

Gaze Palsy (Pariaud’s Syndrome)

Answer 19

• upward gaze paralysis, possible nystagmus with downward gaze, light-near dissociation, large pupil, abnormal elevation of the upper lid, and paralysis of accommodation

Question 20

corticospinal tract

Answer 20

contralateral weakness

Question 21

medial lemniscus

Answer 21

loss contralateral proprioception/ vibration

Question 22

medial longitudinal fasciculus

Answer 22

ipsilateral INO

Question 23

motor nucleus and nerve

Answer 23

ipsilateral CN motor loss (CN 3, 4, 6, 12)

Question 24

spinocerebellar tract

Answer 24

ipsilateral ataxia

Question 25

spinothalamic

Answer 25

contralateral pain/ temp/ sensory loss

Question 26

sensory nucleus of CN5

Answer 26

ipsilateral pain/ temp loss in face

Question 27

sympathetic pathway

Answer 27

ipsilateral Horner’s Syndrome