Basal Ganglia Flashcards
Caudate Nucleus
Corpus Striatum
Neostriatum
Putamen
Corpus Striatum
Neostriatum
Lentiform Nucleus
Globus Pallidus
Corpus Striatum
Lentiform Nucleus
Paleostriatum
NT from striatocortex that affects neostriatum
Glutamate
- Basal Ganglia inputs
Striatum
Basal Ganglia outputs
Globus Pallidus (internal) Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulum
Direct Pathway
excitatory
facilitates movement
Indirect Pathway
inhibitory
inhibits movement
Basal Ganglia Functions
planning and programming of movements
Bradykinesia
slowed movements
Hypokinesia
decreased amount of movements
Akinesia
absence of movement
Rigidity
increased resistance to passive movements
plastic, waxy, lead pipe
Dystonia
abnormal/distorted positions
focal dystonia = torticollis (neck)
blepharospasm = facial muscles around eyes
spasmodic = laryngeal
- Ballism
limb flinging
lacunar infarct of subthalamic nucleus
Athetosis
twisting movements
-> choreoathetosis
causes:
kernicterus
wilsons disease
huntingtons disease
chorea
“dance”
continuous involuntary movements
seen in Huntingtons Disease
Tics
motor tics, vocal tics
see in Tourette’s
- Parkinsons disease
loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta *
microscopy: lewy bodies
- PD causes
MPP (from low quality street heroine)
- PD treatment
Levo-DOPA Bromocriptine * Anticholinergics Deprenyl (if due to MPP) DBS
Huntingtons Disease
indirect inhibitory pathway
Degeneration of GABAergic striatonigral* pathway (loss of GABA, increase in dopamine)
HD features
- Chorea = loss of GABA in STRIATUM
Dementia
Mental changes
Wilsons Disease
abnormal copper metabolism
accumulaton in the liver and basal ganglia
