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Neuro > Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

Caudate Nucleus

A

Corpus Striatum

Neostriatum

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2
Q

Putamen

A

Corpus Striatum
Neostriatum
Lentiform Nucleus

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3
Q

Globus Pallidus

A

Corpus Striatum
Lentiform Nucleus
Paleostriatum

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4
Q

NT from striatocortex that affects neostriatum

A

Glutamate

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5
Q
  • Basal Ganglia inputs
A

Striatum

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6
Q

Basal Ganglia outputs

A 
Globus Pallidus (internal)
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulum
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7
Q

Direct Pathway

A

excitatory

facilitates movement

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8
Q

Indirect Pathway

A

inhibitory

inhibits movement

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9
Q

Basal Ganglia Functions

A

planning and programming of movements

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10
Q

Bradykinesia

A

slowed movements

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11
Q

Hypokinesia

A

decreased amount of movements

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12
Q

Akinesia

A

absence of movement

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13
Q

Rigidity

A

increased resistance to passive movements

plastic, waxy, lead pipe

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14
Q

Dystonia

A

abnormal/distorted positions

focal dystonia = torticollis (neck)

blepharospasm = facial muscles around eyes

spasmodic = laryngeal

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15
Q
  • Ballism
A

limb flinging

lacunar infarct of subthalamic nucleus

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16
Q

Athetosis

A

twisting movements

-> choreoathetosis

causes:
kernicterus
wilsons disease
huntingtons disease

17
Q

chorea

A

“dance”
continuous involuntary movements

seen in Huntingtons Disease

18
Q

Tics

A

motor tics, vocal tics

see in Tourette’s

19
Q
  • Parkinsons disease
A

loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta *

microscopy: lewy bodies

20
Q
  • PD causes
A

MPP (from low quality street heroine)

21
Q
  • PD treatment
A 
Levo-DOPA
Bromocriptine *
Anticholinergics
Deprenyl (if due to MPP)
DBS
22
Q

Huntingtons Disease

A

indirect inhibitory pathway

Degeneration of GABAergic striatonigral* pathway (loss of GABA, increase in dopamine)

23
Q

HD features

A
  • Chorea = loss of GABA in STRIATUM

Dementia

Mental changes

24
Q

Wilsons Disease

A

abnormal copper metabolism

accumulaton in the liver and basal ganglia

25
Q
  • WD features
A

Kayser-Fleischer ring

severe degeneration of LENTIFORM NUCLEUS

26
Q
  • Kernicterus
A

bilirubin crosses BBB

damage to GLOBUS PALLIDUS

Neuro (16 decks)

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