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HUBS191 > Brain and spinal cord > Flashcards

Brain and spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the primary somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe?

A

Involved in processing somatic sensations in different parts of the body.
Neurons are mapped depending on where they come from.

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2
Q

What are the two layers of the dura mater?

A

Inner layer and outer layer.

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3
Q

In between the two layers of the dura mater are the _____

A

Venous Sinuses
Superior sagittal sinus.

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4
Q

Features of dura mater

A

Made of DCFT
Dural folds and reflections (made by the inner layer)
Venous sinuses located in between layers

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5
Q

3 key features of dural folds

A
  1. Formed from inner dural layer
  2. Separate major divisions of the brain
  3. Provide stability of the brain within the cranium
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6
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Divides the cerebral hemispheres in half in the sagittal plane

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7
Q

Falx cerebelli

A

Divides the two hemispheres of the cerebellum

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8
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

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9
Q

3 Key features of the venous sinuses

A
  1. Located where the two layers of the dura mater separate
  2. They contain veins which collect venous blood from the brain
  3. They also collect old CSF after it has cycled through the ventricles
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10
Q

Layer between the Pia mater and the inner dura mater

A

Arachnoid mater

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11
Q

What is the Pia mater?

A

The inner most layer of the meninges, which adheres directly on top of the brain tissue.
Transparent and delicate.
Blood vessels sit on top of the Pia mater.

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12
Q

The meninges cover _____

A

The brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

Ventricles are

A

a number of connected spaces in the brain, filled with CSF.

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14
Q

CSF is produced by

A

The choroid plexus, and is then circulated by ependymal cells

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15
Q

Main function of CSF

A

Supply nutrients, remove wastes, and cushion the brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

Circulation of CSF

A

Starts at lateral ventricles, moves through the ventricular system, and into the subarachnoid space, covering the brain and spinal cord. It then exits via the arachnoid granulations into the venous sinuses, and into the venous blood.

17
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A

Frontal lobe - motor cortex, personality, behaviour, language, mood
Parietal lobe - Controls somatosensory
Temporal lobe - Hearing, Memory
Occipital lobe - Vision

18
Q

What part of the brain controls vision

A

Occipital lobe

19
Q

What part of the brain controls personality, behaviour, language, and mood

A

Frontal lobe

20
Q

What part of the brain controls hearing and memory

A

Temporal lobe

21
Q

What part of the brain controls somatosensory?

A

Parietal lobe

22
Q

What part of the brain controls somatosensory?

A

Parietal lobe

23
Q

Purpose of Brainstem

A

Connects brain the spinal cord

24
Q

What parts make up the brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

25
Q

Sulci are

A

Valleys/grooves

26
Q

Gyri are

A

Ridges/hills

27
Q

Fissures are

A

Deep Valleys

28
Q

Central sulcus

A

Divides the pre central gyrus of the frontal lobe, to the post central gyrus of the parietal lobe

29
Q

Lateral sulcus

A

Divides the temporal lobe and frontal lobe

30
Q

Transverse fissure

A

Divides cerebellum and cerebrum

31
Q

Parieto-occipital sulcus

A

divides parietal lobe and occipital lobe

32
Q

Brain is made of

A

White matter and Grey Matter

33
Q

What are the three types of white matter tracts

A
  1. Commisural Tract - axons cross side to side in both directions
  2. Projection tracts - Axons extending between cortex and other CNS to area outside cerebrum
  3. Association tracts - Axons on the same side within the cerebral cortex for communication between brain areas
34
Q

Purpose of the primary motor cortex

A

Involved in voluntary movement - execution
Somatotypically organised - neurons are mapped depending on where they go in the body.

35
Q

How does the corticospinal pathway work?

A

1st (upper) neuron
Cell body in primary motor cortex
Axon extends at medulla and extends down the spinal cord
Synapses with 2nd neuron in ventral horn of spinal cord
2nd (lower) neuron
Cell body in ventral horn of spinal cord
Axon extends from the spinal cord out the body, and synapses with skeletal muscle

HUBS191 (11 decks)

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