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Anatomy Written 2 > Brain and Meninges > Flashcards

Brain and Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

Average mass of brain

A

1300 to 1400 grams

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2
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebrum
Cerebral hemispheres separated by the longitudinal fissure
Gyri and Sulci
Lobes - frontal, parietal, temporal, insula, and occipital

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3
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus

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4
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

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5
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons and Cerebellum

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6
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla Oblongata

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7
Q

Cerebrum

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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8
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

(motor control, personality, judgment, planning, language production)

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9
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Sensation, body orientation

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10
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual perception and interpretation

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11
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Audition (hearing), language comprehension and memory

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12
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordination and control of movement

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13
Q

Brainstem

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Breathing, reticular activation (consciousness) and cardiovascular control

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14
Q

Diencephalon

A

Relay of sensory info; feeding, emotion, fight or flight response, and sexual behavior

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15
Q

Meninges

A

Cranial meninges are continuous with the spinal meninges at the foramen magnum
Dura, arachnoid, pia

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16
Q

Cranial dura mater

A

Two layers
Periosteal
Meningeal

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17
Q

Periosteal Dura Mater

A

outer layer representing the periosteum of the cranial cavity
contains meningial arteries
NOT continuous with the spinal dura mater

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18
Q

Meningeal Layer of dura mater

A

Inner layer continuous with the spinal dura mater at the foramen magnum

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19
Q

The two layers separate and form…

A
  1. Dural partitions (folds)

2. Venous Sinuses (important for drainage)

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20
Q

Dural Partitions

A

Falx Cerebri - separates cerebral hemispheres
Tentorum Cerebelli - separates cerebellum from posterior portions of cerebral hemispheres
Falx Cerebelli - short projection btw cerebellar hemispheres
Diaphragma sellae - forms a roof over the sella turcica

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21
Q

Primary arterial supply is from

A

Middle meningeal arteries (branches of the maxillary arter)

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22
Q

Innervation

A

Principally by the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions of triggeminal (CN V)
Dura of posterior cranial fossa - upper cervical nerves

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23
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Thin membrane lining the inner meningeal layer of the dura mater
Thin processes extend into the subarachnoid space and are continuous with the pia mater

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24
Q

Pia Mater

A

Thin, delicate membrane adherent to the surface of the brain

25
Q

Meningial Spaces

A

Extradural (Epidural) Space
Subdural Space
Subarachnoid Space

26
Q

Extradural (Epidural) Space

A

Potential space btw the skull and periosteal dural layer

27
Q

Extradural (Epidural) Space Clinical Correlation

A

Becomes a real space when an extradural hematoma forms from either a rupture of the meningeal artery or a tear in a dural venous sinus

28
Q

Subdural Space

A

Potential space btw menngeal dural layer and arachnoid mater

29
Q

Subdural Space Clinical Correlation

A

Real space may result when a subdural hematoma forms from the tearing of a vein entering a dural venous sinus

30
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

Real space btw arachnoid mater and pia mater filled with CSF
CSF is formed by specialized vascular structures, the choroid plexuses, in the ventricles and is reabsorbed into the dural venous sinuses via arachnoid villi that form the arachnoid granulations and lateral lacunae

31
Q

Subarachnoid Space Clinical Correlation

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage - most result from ruptures aneurysm

32
Q

Ventricular System

A

Cavities filled with CSF secreted by the choroid plexuses

33
Q

Lateral Ventricles

A

Each communicates with 3rd ventricle via interventricular foramen (aka foramen of monro)

34
Q

Third Ventricle

A

Communicates with 4th ventricle via cerebral aqueduct (of sylvius)

35
Q

Fourth Ventricle

A

Communicates with subarachnoid space via the median aperture (foramen of Magendie) and lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka)

36
Q

Ventricular System - Clinical Correlation

A

Hydrocephalus - dilation of the ventricular system of the brain due to
1. obstruction of CSF flow (most common)
2. CSF not being adequately reabsorbed (less common)
3. overproducation of CSF (rare)
Not in adults - fused bones

37
Q

Arterial Supply

A

Two pairs of arteries supply the brain

  1. Vertebral
  2. Internal Carotid Arteries
38
Q

Vertebral arteries join and form the

A

Basilar Artery

- it then divides into the posterior cerebral arteries

39
Q

Internal carotid arteries divide into

A

Terminal branches

Anterior and middle cerebral arteries

40
Q

Cerebral Arterial Circle (of Willis)

A 
Internal Carotid Arteries
Anterior Cerebral Arteries
Anterior Communicating Artery
Posterior Communicating Arteries
Posterior Cerebral Arteries
41
Q

Clinical Correlation Arterial Supply

A

strokes relate to a disruption in blood supply leading to tissue death
A Cerebral Infarction occurs when blood is obstructed, and can lead to an ischemic stroke
A Cerebral Aneurysm is a weak spot in cerebral vessel which can rupture causing a hemorrhagic stroke
Location will affect specific brain structures and thus affect specific functions

42
Q

Venous Drainage

A

Small cerebral and other veins drain into dural venous sinuses, which (most) ultimately drain into the internal jugulars

43
Q

Name Venous Drainage

A 
Superior Sagittal Sinus
Inferior Sagittal Sinus
Confluence of Sinuses
Transverse Sinuses
Sigmoid Sinuses
Cavernous Sinuses
Superior and Inferior Petrosal Sinuses
44
Q

Confluence of Sinuses

A

Meeting of superior sgaittal, straight, and occipital

45
Q

Transverse Sinuses

A

Drain the confluence and continue distally as the sigmoid sinuses, emptying into the internal jugular veins

46
Q

Cavernous sinuses

A

Relation to danger triangle

47
Q

CN 1

A

Olfactory - sensory for smell

48
Q

CN II

A

Optic - sensory for vision

49
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor - motor to levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, sphincter pupillae, and ciliary muscles

50
Q

CN IV

A

Trochler - motor to superior oblique

51
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal - sesnory from face and dura mater

Motor to muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, and mylohyoid

52
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens - motor to lateral rectus

53
Q

CN VII

A

Facial - Sensory from external acoustic meatus portion of auricle
Taste from anterior 2/3 tongue
Motor to submandibular, sublingual, and lacrimal glands
Motor to muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, and stapedius

54
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear - sensory for balance and hearing

55
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal - sensory from carotid belly and sinus, posterior 1/3 tongue, palatine tonsils, oropharynx, and mucosa of middle ear and pharyngotympanic tube
Taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
Motor to parotid gland and stylopharyngeus

56
Q

CN X

A

Vagus - sensory from larynx, laryngopharynx, parts of auricle and external acoustic meatus, aortic body chemoreceptors and aortic arch baroreceptors, esophagus, bronchi, lungs, heart, and abdominal viscera
Taste from epiglottis and pharynx
Motor to GI viscera, throacic viscera, larynx, pharynx, palatoglossus, and palate

57
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory - Motor to trap and SCM

58
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal - Motor to intrinsic tongue muscles, hypoglossus, genioglossis, styloglossus

Anatomy Written 2 (11 decks)

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