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3 Anatomy > Brain And Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain And Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

The central nervous system is composed of that?

A

Brain
Spinal cord

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2
Q

All other tissues that are not part of the central nervous system are part of what?

A

Peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

What is the outer part of the brain called

A

Cerebrum

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4
Q

The cerebrum is split into a right and left what?

A

Cerebral hemisphere

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5
Q
A

Gyrus

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6
Q
A

Sulcus

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7
Q
A

Cerebellum

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8
Q

The Brainstem is composed of what? 3

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

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9
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Fine motor control

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10
Q

Name this lobe of the brain

A

Occipital

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11
Q

Name this lobe of the brain

A

Parietal

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12
Q

Name this lobe of the brain

A

Frontal

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13
Q
A

Temporal

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14
Q
A

Midbrain

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15
Q
A

Pons

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16
Q
A

Medulla oblongata

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17
Q
A

Spinal cord

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18
Q

Name this part of the brain

A

Frontal lobe

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19
Q

Name this part of the brain

A

Temporal lobe

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20
Q

Name this part of the brain

A

Cerebellum

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21
Q

Name this part of the brain

A

Spinal cord

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22
Q

Name this part of the brain

A

Medulla oblongata

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23
Q

Name this part of the brain

A

Pons

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24
Q

Name this part of the brain

A

Midbrain

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25
Q

what does midbrain do? 3

A

motor movement, auditory and visual processing

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26
Q

what does pons do?

A

control of breathing, communication with other parts of the brain, sensations - hearing, taste, balance

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27
Q

what does medulla oblongata do?

A

regulates breathing, heart and blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing and swallowing

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28
Q

Name this part of the brain

A

Optic chiasma

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29
Q

What is the optic chiasma

A

Part of the brain where the optic nerves cross

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30
Q

Name this cranial nerve

A

CNI

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31
Q

Name this cranial nerve

A

CNII

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32
Q

Name this cranial nerve

A

CNIII

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33
Q

Name this cranial nerve

A

CNIV

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34
Q

Name this cranial nerve

A

CNV

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35
Q

Name this cranial nerve

A

CNVI

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36
Q

Name this cranial nerve

A

CNVII and CNVIII

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37
Q

Name this cranial nerve

A

CNIX and CNX

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38
Q

Name this cranial nerve

A

CNXI

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39
Q

Name this cranial nerve

A

CNXII

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40
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Protective covering for the brain and spinal cord

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41
Q

What are the layers of meninges from superficial to deep?

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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42
Q

Where is the subarachnoid space located?

A

Between arachnoid mater and pia mater

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43
Q

What does the subarachnoid space contain?

A

Cerebral spinal fluid

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44
Q

The dura mater is a tough ? Protective layer. It is ? And ? And has ? Layers

A

Fibrous
Innervated
Vascular
2

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45
Q

What are the two layers of dura mater?

A

Periosteal layer - contact with skull
Meningeal layer - contact with meningeal deep to dura mater

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46
Q

Arachnoid mater has ? That extend from it for ? Of ? Back into the ?

A

Arachnoid granulations
Reabsorption
Cerebral spinal fluid
Venous blood supply

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47
Q

What does the pia mater do?

A

Coats the brain and blood vessels/nerves entering and leaving the brain

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48
Q

What is the layer of dura that extends between the cerebral hemispheres?

A

Falx cerebri

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49
Q

What is the layer of dura that sits between the cerebral hemispheres above and cerebellum below?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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50
Q

blood supply to the brain is from what 2 sources?

A

the vertebral arteries
internal carotid artery

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51
Q

the vertebral artery is a branch of what artery?

A

subclavian artery

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52
Q

how does the vertebral artery get to the brain?

A

travels through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae
enters the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum

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53
Q

the vertebral arteries in the cranial cavity join to give what artery?

A

basilar artery

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54
Q

name this artery

A

right vertebral artery

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55
Q

name this artery

A

right subclavian artery

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56
Q

name this artery

A

right and left vertebral arteries

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57
Q

name this artery

A

basilar artery

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58
Q

the internal carotid artery is a branch of what?

A

common carotid artery

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59
Q

how do the internal carotid arteries enter the cranial cavity?

A

carotid canal

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60
Q

name this artery

A

common carotid artery

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61
Q

name this artery

A

internal carotid artery

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62
Q

name these arteries

A

internal carotid arteries

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63
Q

what is the circle of willis?

A

communication between the vertebral arteries posteriorly to the internal carotid arteries anteriorly

arterial anastomoses

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64
Q

what arteries supply the posterior aspect of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

posterior cerebral arteries

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65
Q

what arteries supply the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

middle cerebral arteries

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66
Q

the middle cerebral arteries are a branch of what?

A

internal carotid arteries

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67
Q

what arteries supply the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere?

A

anterior cerebral arteries

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68
Q

name these arteries

A

right and left vertebral arterie

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69
Q

name this artery

A

basilar artery

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70
Q

name this artery

A

right posterior cerebral artery

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71
Q

name this artery

A

left posterior cerebral artery

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72
Q

name this artery

A

right posterior communicating artery

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73
Q

name this artery

A

left posterior communicating artery

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74
Q

name this artery

A

right internal carotid artery

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75
Q

name this artery

A

left middle cerebral artery

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76
Q

name this artery

A

anterior communicating artery

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77
Q

name this artery

A

right anterior cerebral artery

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78
Q

name this artery

A

left anterior cerebral artery

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79
Q

where do the dural venous sinuses drain blood to?

A

internal jugular vein at the jugular foramen

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80
Q

name this part of the dura

A

falx cerebri

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81
Q

name this dural venous sinus

A

superior sagittal sinus

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82
Q

name this dural venous sinus

A

inferior sagittal sinus

83
Q

name this dural venous sinus

A

straight sinus

84
Q

the inferior sagittal sinus joins with the superior sagittal sinus via what?

A

the straight sinus

85
Q

name this dural venous sinus

A

confluence of the sinuses

86
Q

the superior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus join together at what?

A

the confluence of the sinuses

87
Q

where is the confluence of sinuses located?

A

at the internal occipital protuberance

88
Q

name this dural venous sinus

A

right transverse sinus

89
Q

name this dural venous sinus

A

right sigmoid sinus

90
Q

name this foramen and vein

A

jugular foramen
internal jugular vein

91
Q

name this dural venous sinus

A

cavernous sinus

92
Q

name this dural venous sinus

A

superior petrosal sinus

93
Q

name this part of the DURA mater

A

tentorium cerebelli

94
Q

how does venous blood get from the brain tissue to the dural venous sinuses?

A

cerebral veins

95
Q

the ventricular system of the brain is filled with what?

A

cerebro-spinal fluid CSF

96
Q

what is the ventricular system?

A

its a system of spaces (ventricles) within the brain that are filled with cerebro-spinal fluid CSF

97
Q

how many ventricles (spaces) are in the ventricular system?

98
Q

name this ventricle

A

lateral ventricles 1 and 2

99
Q

where do the 2 lateral ventricles drain into?

A

the 3rd ventricle

100
Q

name this ventricle

A

3rd ventricle

101
Q

the 3rd ventricle drains where?

A

the 4th ventricle

102
Q

name this ventricle

A

4th ventricle

103
Q

the 4th ventricle sits anterior to what?

A

cerebellum

104
Q

the 4th ventricle is continuous with what?

A

subarachnoid space

105
Q

name this part of the ventricular system

A

subarachnoid space

106
Q

name this part of the ventricular system

A

subarachnoid space

107
Q

name this structure

A

choroid plexus

108
Q

where is cerebro-spinal fluid made?

A

choroid plexus between lateral ventricles

109
Q

where is the CSF recycled?

A

via arachnoid granulations into dural venous sinuses

110
Q

name this structure

A

arachnoid granulations

111
Q

what are somatic sensory nerves?

A

sensory information from the body wall e.g. mental nerve

112
Q

what are somatic motor nerves?

A

motor innervation to the body wall e.g. spinal accessory nerve

113
Q

what are parasympathetic nerves?

A

part of the autonomic nervous system (motor) -> rest and digest e.g. glands

114
Q

what are special sensory fibres?

A

sensory information from specialised sensory organs e.g. optic nerve

115
Q

what are mixed nerves?

A

contain a mixture of nerve types e.g. CNV contains both somatic sensory and motor fibres

116
Q

what are visceral sensory/afferent nerves?

A

sensory nerve from an organ e.g. carotid body/sinus e.g. glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve

117
Q

what modality is CN I?

A

special sensory -> smell

118
Q

what modality is CN II?

A

special sensory -> sight

119
Q

what modality is CN III?

A

mixed
somatic motor to eye
parasympathetic contraction of iris

120
Q

what modality is CN IV?

A

somatic motor
controls eye muscles

121
Q

what modality is CN V?

A

mixed
somatic sensory to the face
somatic motor to muscles of mastication

122
Q

what modality is CN VI?

A

somatic motor
eye muscles

123
Q

what modality is CN VII?

A

mixed
somatic motor - muscles of facial expression
somatic sensory - external ear
special sensory - taste anterior 2/3 of tongue
parasympathetic - sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

124
Q

what modality is CN VIII?

A

special sensory - hearing and balance

125
Q

what modality is CN IX?

A

mixed
somatic motor - muscle of the pharynx
somatic sensory - posterior 1/3 of tongue
special sensory - taste posterior 1/3 of tongue
parasympathetic - parotid gland

126
Q

what modality is CN X?

A

mixed
somatic motor - muscles of the palate and pharynx
somatic sensory - part of the ear canal
special sensory - taste
parasympathetic - all of the organs as far as the midgut

127
Q

what modality is CN XI?

A

somatic motor - trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

128
Q

what modality is CN XII?

A

somatic motor - muscles that control the tongue

129
Q

where is the olfactory bulb of CN I located?

A

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

130
Q

describe the path of CNI to the nasal cavity

A

olfactory receptors pass through cribriform plate from the olfactory bulb to enter the olfactory mucosa in the roof of the nasal cavity

131
Q

name this structure

A

olfactory tract

132
Q

name this structure

A

olfactory bulb

133
Q

name this structure

A

cribriform plate

134
Q

where does the optic nerve CNII pass through the skull?

A

optic canal

135
Q

name this structure

A

optic nerve

136
Q

name this structure

A

optic chiasma/chiasm

137
Q

name this structure

A

pituitary stalk

138
Q

what hangs off the pituitary stalk?

A

the pituitary gland

139
Q

the left and right visual field have 2 parts what are they?

A

temporal and nasal

140
Q

the nasal part of the visual fields is perceived in which part of the retina?

A

the temporal part of the retina and relayed back towards the brain

141
Q

describe the route of sensory information from the temporal visual fields to the brain?

A

The temporal part of the visual field is perceived by the nasal part of the retina this crosses at the chiasma to the opposite side of the brain

142
Q

what happens at the optic chiasma?

A

information from the nasal part of the retina crosses over to the other side of the brain

143
Q

CN III provides somatic motor innervation what?

A

4 extra-ocular eye muscles (skeletal muscles that control movement of the eye

levator palpebral superioris (lifting the eyelid)

144
Q

CN III provides parasympathetic innervation to what?

A

contracting sphincter pupillae muscle in the iris (reduces size of pupil)

145
Q

name this nerve

A

CN III oculomotor nerve

146
Q

what causes the pupil to dilate?

A

sympathetic nerves follow arteries (internal carotid) to dilator pupillae muscle in the iris causing the pupil to dilate

147
Q

CN IV trochlear nerve supplies what?

A

superior oblique muscle (extra-ocular)

148
Q

name this nerve

A

trochlear nerve CN IV

149
Q

name this muscle and the structure that the tendon passes through

A

superior oblique muscle
trochlea

150
Q

CN IV trochlear nerve is the only CN to emerge from where in the brain?

A

posterior aspect of midbrain

151
Q

name this nerve

A

CN VI abducent nerve

152
Q

CN VI abducent nerve provides motor innervation to what?

A

lateral rectus muscle (extra-ocular)

153
Q

name this muscle

A

lateral rectus muscle

154
Q

where does CN VI abducent nerve emerge from the brain?

A

junction between pons and the medulla oblongata

155
Q

name this nerve

A

CNV trigeminal

156
Q

CN Va provides what type of innervation where?

A

sensory innervation to the skin of the upper face

157
Q

CN Vb provides what type of innervation where?

A

sensory innervation to the skin of he mid-face

158
Q

CN Vc provides what type of innervation where?

A

sensory to skin over most of lower face

motor to muscles of mastication

159
Q

in the trigeminal nerve CNV the motor nerve Vc joins with the sensory part of Vc at which foramen?

A

foramen ovale

160
Q

CNV trigeminal is the only CN to emerge from where?

A

directly from pons

161
Q

what provides sensory innervation to this part of the face?

A

CNVa - ophthalmic nerve

162
Q

what provides sensory innervation to this part of the face?

A

CNVb - maxillary nerve

163
Q

what provides sensory innervation to this part of the face?

A

CNVc - mandibular nerve

164
Q

what foramen does CNVa - ophthalmic nerve exit through?

A

superior orbital fissure
supraorbital foramen

165
Q

what foramen does CNVb - maxillary nerve exit through?

A

foramen rotundum
infraorbital foramen

166
Q

what foramen does CNVc - mandibular nerve exit through?

A

foramen ovale
mental foramen

167
Q

name this section of the skull

A

anterior cranial fossa

168
Q

name this section of the skull

A

middle cranial fossa

169
Q

name this section of the skull

A

posterior cranial fossa

170
Q

what cranial nerves are located in the anterior cranial fossa?

171
Q

what cranial nerves are located in the middle cranial fossa?

A

CN II
CN III
CN IV
CN Va,b,c
CN VI

172
Q

what cranial nerves are located in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

CN VII
CN VIII
CN IX
CN X
CN XI
CN XII

173
Q

name this nerve

A

CN V trigeminal

174
Q

name this structure

A

trigeminal sensory ganglion

175
Q

what is found in the trigeminal sensory ganglion?

A

sensory fibres from Va, b and c as well as cell bodies of CNV’s peripheral sensory neurones

176
Q

what lies beneath trigeminal sensory ganglion and passes through foramen ovale alongside sensory Vc?

A

Vc motor nerve

177
Q

name this structure

A

diaphragm sellae

178
Q

name this structure

A

pituitary stalk

179
Q

name this structure

A

CNII optic nerve

180
Q

name this structure

A

internal carotid artery

181
Q

name this structure

A

middle meningeal artery

182
Q

name this structure

A

sigmoid sinus

183
Q

name this structure

A

vertebral artery

184
Q

name this structure

A

spinal chord

185
Q

name this structure

A

cut edge of tentorium cerebelli

186
Q

name this structure

A

CNVa at superior orbital fissure

187
Q

name this structure

A

CNVb at foramen rotundum

188
Q

name this structure

A

CNVc sensory + motor at foramen ovale

189
Q

name this artery

A

middle meningeal artery at foramen spinosum

190
Q

name this structure

A

trigeminal sensory ganglion

191
Q

name this dural venous sinus

A

cavernous sinus

192
Q

what cranial nerves are in the wall of the cavernous sinus?

A

CN III
CN IV
CN Va
CN Vb

193
Q

what cranial nerve is in the body of the cavernous sinus?

194
Q

what is located in the cavernous sinus?

A

cranial nerves
internal carotid artery

195
Q

name this structure

A

pituitary gland inferior to diaphragm sellae

196
Q

name this artery

A

ophthalmic artery

197
Q

name this artery

A

internal carotid artery

198
Q

name this CN

199
Q

name this CN

200
Q

name this CN

201
Q

name this CN

202
Q

name this CN

203
Q

name this structure

A

sphenoid air cells

204
Q

name this CN

3 Anatomy (9 decks)

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