Brain And Cranial Nerves

Question 1

The central nervous system is composed of that?

Answer 1

Brain
Spinal cord

Question 2

All other tissues that are not part of the central nervous system are part of what?

Answer 2

Peripheral nervous system

Question 3

What is the outer part of the brain called

Answer 3

Cerebrum

Question 4

The cerebrum is split into a right and left what?

Answer 4

Cerebral hemisphere

Question 5

Answer 5

Gyrus

Question 6

Answer 6

Sulcus

Question 7

Answer 7

Cerebellum

Question 8

The Brainstem is composed of what? 3

Answer 8

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

Question 9

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 9

Fine motor control

Question 10

Name this lobe of the brain

Answer 10

Occipital

Question 11

Name this lobe of the brain

Answer 11

Parietal

Question 12

Name this lobe of the brain

Answer 12

Frontal

Question 13

Answer 13

Temporal

Question 14

Answer 14

Midbrain

Question 15

Answer 15

Pons

Question 16

Answer 16

Medulla oblongata

Question 17

Answer 17

Spinal cord

Question 18

Name this part of the brain

Answer 18

Frontal lobe

Question 19

Name this part of the brain

Answer 19

Temporal lobe

Question 20

Name this part of the brain

Answer 20

Cerebellum

Question 21

Name this part of the brain

Answer 21

Spinal cord

Question 22

Name this part of the brain

Answer 22

Medulla oblongata

Question 23

Name this part of the brain

Answer 23

Pons

Question 24

Name this part of the brain

Answer 24

Midbrain

Question 25

what does midbrain do? 3

Answer 25

motor movement, auditory and visual processing

Question 26

what does pons do?

Answer 26

control of breathing, communication with other parts of the brain, sensations - hearing, taste, balance

Question 27

what does medulla oblongata do?

Answer 27

regulates breathing, heart and blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing and swallowing

Question 28

Name this part of the brain

Answer 28

Optic chiasma

Question 29

What is the optic chiasma

Answer 29

Part of the brain where the optic nerves cross

Question 30

Name this cranial nerve

Answer 30

CNI

Question 31

Name this cranial nerve

Answer 31

CNII

Question 32

Name this cranial nerve

Answer 32

CNIII

Question 33

Name this cranial nerve

Answer 33

CNIV

Question 34

Name this cranial nerve

Answer 34

CNV

Question 35

Name this cranial nerve

Answer 35

CNVI

Question 36

Name this cranial nerve

Answer 36

CNVII and CNVIII

Question 37

Name this cranial nerve

Answer 37

CNIX and CNX

Question 38

Name this cranial nerve

Answer 38

CNXI

Question 39

Name this cranial nerve

Answer 39

CNXII

Question 40

What are the meninges?

Answer 40

Protective covering for the brain and spinal cord

Question 41

What are the layers of meninges from superficial to deep?

Answer 41

Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater

Question 42

Where is the subarachnoid space located?

Answer 42

Between arachnoid mater and pia mater

Question 43

What does the subarachnoid space contain?

Answer 43

Cerebral spinal fluid

Question 44

The dura mater is a tough ? Protective layer. It is ? And ? And has ? Layers

Answer 44

Fibrous Innervated Vascular 2

Question 45

What are the two layers of dura mater?

Answer 45

Periosteal layer - contact with skull Meningeal layer - contact with meningeal deep to dura mater

Question 46

Arachnoid mater has ? That extend from it for ? Of ? Back into the ?

Answer 46

Arachnoid granulations Reabsorption Cerebral spinal fluid Venous blood supply

Question 47

What does the pia mater do?

Answer 47

Coats the brain and blood vessels/nerves entering and leaving the brain

Question 48

What is the layer of dura that extends between the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 48

Falx cerebri

Question 49

What is the layer of dura that sits between the cerebral hemispheres above and cerebellum below?

Answer 49

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 50

blood supply to the brain is from what 2 sources?

Answer 50

the vertebral arteries internal carotid artery

Question 51

the vertebral artery is a branch of what artery?

Answer 51

subclavian artery

Question 52

how does the vertebral artery get to the brain?

Answer 52

travels through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae enters the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum

Question 53

the vertebral arteries in the cranial cavity join to give what artery?

Answer 53

basilar artery

Question 54

name this artery

Answer 54

right vertebral artery

Question 55

name this artery

Answer 55

right subclavian artery

Question 56

name this artery

Answer 56

right and left vertebral arteries

Question 57

name this artery

Answer 57

basilar artery

Question 58

the internal carotid artery is a branch of what?

Answer 58

common carotid artery

Question 59

how do the internal carotid arteries enter the cranial cavity?

Answer 59

carotid canal

Question 60

name this artery

Answer 60

common carotid artery

Question 61

name this artery

Answer 61

internal carotid artery

Question 62

name these arteries

Answer 62

internal carotid arteries

Question 63

what is the circle of willis?

Answer 63

communication between the vertebral arteries posteriorly to the internal carotid arteries anteriorly arterial anastomoses

Question 64

what arteries supply the posterior aspect of the cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 64

posterior cerebral arteries

Question 65

what arteries supply the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 65

middle cerebral arteries

Question 66

the middle cerebral arteries are a branch of what?

Answer 66

internal carotid arteries

Question 67

what arteries supply the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 67

anterior cerebral arteries

Question 68

name these arteries

Answer 68

right and left vertebral arterie

Question 69

name this artery

Answer 69

basilar artery

Question 70

name this artery

Answer 70

right posterior cerebral artery

Question 71

name this artery

Answer 71

left posterior cerebral artery

Question 72

name this artery

Answer 72

right posterior communicating artery

Question 73

name this artery

Answer 73

left posterior communicating artery

Question 74

name this artery

Answer 74

right internal carotid artery

Question 75

name this artery

Answer 75

left middle cerebral artery

Question 76

name this artery

Answer 76

anterior communicating artery

Question 77

name this artery

Answer 77

right anterior cerebral artery

Question 78

name this artery

Answer 78

left anterior cerebral artery

Question 79

where do the dural venous sinuses drain blood to?

Answer 79

internal jugular vein at the jugular foramen

Question 80

name this part of the dura

Answer 80

falx cerebri

Question 81

name this dural venous sinus

Answer 81

superior sagittal sinus

Question 82

name this dural venous sinus

Answer 82

inferior sagittal sinus

Question 83

name this dural venous sinus

Answer 83

straight sinus

Question 84

the inferior sagittal sinus joins with the superior sagittal sinus via what?

Answer 84

the straight sinus

Question 85

name this dural venous sinus

Answer 85

confluence of the sinuses

Question 86

the superior sagittal sinus and the straight sinus join together at what?

Answer 86

the confluence of the sinuses

Question 87

where is the confluence of sinuses located?

Answer 87

at the internal occipital protuberance

Question 88

name this dural venous sinus

Answer 88

right transverse sinus

Question 89

name this dural venous sinus

Answer 89

right sigmoid sinus

Question 90

name this foramen and vein

Answer 90

jugular foramen internal jugular vein

Question 91

name this dural venous sinus

Answer 91

cavernous sinus

Question 92

name this dural venous sinus

Answer 92

superior petrosal sinus

Question 93

name this part of the DURA mater

Answer 93

tentorium cerebelli

Question 94

how does venous blood get from the brain tissue to the dural venous sinuses?

Answer 94

cerebral veins

Question 95

the ventricular system of the brain is filled with what?

Answer 95

cerebro-spinal fluid CSF

Question 96

what is the ventricular system?

Answer 96

its a system of spaces (ventricles) within the brain that are filled with cerebro-spinal fluid CSF

Question 97

how many ventricles (spaces) are in the ventricular system?

Answer 97

4

Question 98

name this ventricle

Answer 98

lateral ventricles 1 and 2

Question 99

where do the 2 lateral ventricles drain into?

Answer 99

the 3rd ventricle

Question 100

name this ventricle

Answer 100

3rd ventricle

Question 101

the 3rd ventricle drains where?

Answer 101

the 4th ventricle

Question 102

name this ventricle

Answer 102

4th ventricle

Question 103

the 4th ventricle sits anterior to what?

Answer 103

cerebellum

Question 104

the 4th ventricle is continuous with what?

Answer 104

subarachnoid space

Question 105

name this part of the ventricular system

Answer 105

subarachnoid space

Question 106

name this part of the ventricular system

Answer 106

subarachnoid space

Question 107

name this structure

Answer 107

choroid plexus

Question 108

where is cerebro-spinal fluid made?

Answer 108

choroid plexus between lateral ventricles

Question 109

where is the CSF recycled?

Answer 109

via arachnoid granulations into dural venous sinuses

Question 110

name this structure

Answer 110

arachnoid granulations

Question 111

what are somatic sensory nerves?

Answer 111

sensory information from the body wall e.g. mental nerve

Question 112

what are somatic motor nerves?

Answer 112

motor innervation to the body wall e.g. spinal accessory nerve

Question 113

what are parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 113

part of the autonomic nervous system (motor) -> rest and digest e.g. glands

Question 114

what are special sensory fibres?

Answer 114

sensory information from specialised sensory organs e.g. optic nerve

Question 115

what are mixed nerves?

Answer 115

contain a mixture of nerve types e.g. CNV contains both somatic sensory and motor fibres

Question 116

what are visceral sensory/afferent nerves?

Answer 116

sensory nerve from an organ e.g. carotid body/sinus e.g. glossopharyngeal and vagus nerve

Question 117

what modality is CN I?

Answer 117

special sensory -> smell

Question 118

what modality is CN II?

Answer 118

special sensory -> sight

Question 119

what modality is CN III?

Answer 119

mixed somatic motor to eye parasympathetic contraction of iris

Question 120

what modality is CN IV?

Answer 120

somatic motor controls eye muscles

Question 121

what modality is CN V?

Answer 121

mixed somatic sensory to the face somatic motor to muscles of mastication

Question 122

what modality is CN VI?

Answer 122

somatic motor eye muscles

Question 123

what modality is CN VII?

Answer 123

mixed somatic motor - muscles of facial expression somatic sensory - external ear special sensory - taste anterior 2/3 of tongue parasympathetic - sublingual and submandibular salivary glands

Question 124

what modality is CN VIII?

Answer 124

special sensory - hearing and balance

Question 125

what modality is CN IX?

Answer 125

mixed somatic motor - muscle of the pharynx somatic sensory - posterior 1/3 of tongue special sensory - taste posterior 1/3 of tongue parasympathetic - parotid gland

Question 126

what modality is CN X?

Answer 126

mixed somatic motor - muscles of the palate and pharynx somatic sensory - part of the ear canal special sensory - taste parasympathetic - all of the organs as far as the midgut

Question 127

what modality is CN XI?

Answer 127

somatic motor - trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Question 128

what modality is CN XII?

Answer 128

somatic motor - muscles that control the tongue

Question 129

where is the olfactory bulb of CN I located?

Answer 129

cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

Question 130

describe the path of CNI to the nasal cavity

Answer 130

olfactory receptors pass through cribriform plate from the olfactory bulb to enter the olfactory mucosa in the roof of the nasal cavity

Question 131

name this structure

Answer 131

olfactory tract

Question 132

name this structure

Answer 132

olfactory bulb

Question 133

name this structure

Answer 133

cribriform plate

Question 134

where does the optic nerve CNII pass through the skull?

Answer 134

optic canal

Question 135

name this structure

Answer 135

optic nerve

Question 136

name this structure

Answer 136

optic chiasma/chiasm

Question 137

name this structure

Answer 137

pituitary stalk

Question 138

what hangs off the pituitary stalk?

Answer 138

the pituitary gland

Question 139

the left and right visual field have 2 parts what are they?

Answer 139

temporal and nasal

Question 140

the nasal part of the visual fields is perceived in which part of the retina?

Answer 140

the temporal part of the retina and relayed back towards the brain

Question 141

describe the route of sensory information from the temporal visual fields to the brain?

Answer 141

The temporal part of the visual field is perceived by the nasal part of the retina this crosses at the chiasma to the opposite side of the brain

Question 142

what happens at the optic chiasma?

Answer 142

information from the nasal part of the retina crosses over to the other side of the brain

Question 143

CN III provides somatic motor innervation what?

Answer 143

4 extra-ocular eye muscles (skeletal muscles that control movement of the eye levator palpebral superioris (lifting the eyelid)

Question 144

CN III provides parasympathetic innervation to what?

Answer 144

contracting sphincter pupillae muscle in the iris (reduces size of pupil)

Question 145

name this nerve

Answer 145

CN III oculomotor nerve

Question 146

what causes the pupil to dilate?

Answer 146

sympathetic nerves follow arteries (internal carotid) to dilator pupillae muscle in the iris causing the pupil to dilate

Question 147

CN IV trochlear nerve supplies what?

Answer 147

superior oblique muscle (extra-ocular)

Question 148

name this nerve

Answer 148

trochlear nerve CN IV

Question 149

name this muscle and the structure that the tendon passes through

Answer 149

superior oblique muscle trochlea

Question 150

CN IV trochlear nerve is the only CN to emerge from where in the brain?

Answer 150

posterior aspect of midbrain

Question 151

name this nerve

Answer 151

CN VI abducent nerve

Question 152

CN VI abducent nerve provides motor innervation to what?

Answer 152

lateral rectus muscle (extra-ocular)

Question 153

name this muscle

Answer 153

lateral rectus muscle

Question 154

where does CN VI abducent nerve emerge from the brain?

Answer 154

junction between pons and the medulla oblongata

Question 155

name this nerve

Answer 155

CNV trigeminal

Question 156

CN Va provides what type of innervation where?

Answer 156

sensory innervation to the skin of the upper face

Question 157

CN Vb provides what type of innervation where?

Answer 157

sensory innervation to the skin of he mid-face

Question 158

CN Vc provides what type of innervation where?

Answer 158

sensory to skin over most of lower face motor to muscles of mastication

Question 159

in the trigeminal nerve CNV the motor nerve Vc joins with the sensory part of Vc at which foramen?

Answer 159

foramen ovale

Question 160

CNV trigeminal is the only CN to emerge from where?

Answer 160

directly from pons

Question 161

what provides sensory innervation to this part of the face?

Answer 161

CNVa - ophthalmic nerve

Question 162

what provides sensory innervation to this part of the face?

Answer 162

CNVb - maxillary nerve

Question 163

what provides sensory innervation to this part of the face?

Answer 163

CNVc - mandibular nerve

Question 164

what foramen does CNVa - ophthalmic nerve exit through?

Answer 164

superior orbital fissure supraorbital foramen

Question 165

what foramen does CNVb - maxillary nerve exit through?

Answer 165

foramen rotundum infraorbital foramen

Question 166

what foramen does CNVc - mandibular nerve exit through?

Answer 166

foramen ovale mental foramen

Question 167

name this section of the skull

Answer 167

anterior cranial fossa

Question 168

name this section of the skull

Answer 168

middle cranial fossa

Question 169

name this section of the skull

Answer 169

posterior cranial fossa

Question 170

what cranial nerves are located in the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 170

CN I

Question 171

what cranial nerves are located in the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 171

CN II CN III CN IV CN Va,b,c CN VI

Question 172

what cranial nerves are located in the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 172

CN VII CN VIII CN IX CN X CN XI CN XII

Question 173

name this nerve

Answer 173

CN V trigeminal

Question 174

name this structure

Answer 174

trigeminal sensory ganglion

Question 175

what is found in the trigeminal sensory ganglion?

Answer 175

sensory fibres from Va, b and c as well as cell bodies of CNV's peripheral sensory neurones

Question 176

what lies beneath trigeminal sensory ganglion and passes through foramen ovale alongside sensory Vc?

Answer 176

Vc motor nerve

Question 177

name this structure

Answer 177

diaphragm sellae

Question 178

name this structure

Answer 178

pituitary stalk

Question 179

name this structure

Answer 179

CNII optic nerve

Question 180

name this structure

Answer 180

internal carotid artery

Question 181

name this structure

Answer 181

middle meningeal artery

Question 182

name this structure

Answer 182

sigmoid sinus

Question 183

name this structure

Answer 183

vertebral artery

Question 184

name this structure

Answer 184

spinal chord

Question 185

name this structure

Answer 185

cut edge of tentorium cerebelli

Question 186

name this structure

Answer 186

CNVa at superior orbital fissure

Question 187

name this structure

Answer 187

CNVb at foramen rotundum

Question 188

name this structure

Answer 188

CNVc sensory + motor at foramen ovale

Question 189

name this artery

Answer 189

middle meningeal artery at foramen spinosum

Question 190

name this structure

Answer 190

trigeminal sensory ganglion

Question 191

name this dural venous sinus

Answer 191

cavernous sinus

Question 192

what cranial nerves are in the wall of the cavernous sinus?

Answer 192

CN III CN IV CN Va CN Vb

Question 193

what cranial nerve is in the body of the cavernous sinus?

Answer 193

CN VI

Question 194

what is located in the cavernous sinus?

Answer 194

cranial nerves internal carotid artery

Question 195

name this structure

Answer 195

pituitary gland inferior to diaphragm sellae

Question 196

name this artery

Answer 196

ophthalmic artery

Question 197

name this artery

Answer 197

internal carotid artery

Question 198

name this CN

Answer 198

CN III

Question 199

name this CN

Answer 199

CN IV

Question 200

name this CN

Answer 200

CN Va

Question 201

name this CN

Answer 201

CN Vb

Question 202

name this CN

Answer 202

CN VI

Question 203

name this structure

Answer 203

sphenoid air cells

Question 204

name this CN

Answer 204

CN II