BPH part 1 Flashcards
What causes BPH?
- hormonal trigger, changes in the balance of male sex hormones (DHT).
- more estrogen as men age causes increase of DHT that promotes cell growth
Is there a reaction between prostate size and severity of manifestation?
No it isn’t about the size of the prostate it is about the location of the enlarged prostate.
What is the difference between hyperplasia and hypertrophy?
- hypertrophy: increase in the size of the cell
- hyperplasia: increase in the amount of cells
What are some risk factors for BPH?
- smoking
- increased age
- obesity: and increased waist circumference
- poor diet
- diabetes
- heart disease
- hypertension
- AA
What are some of the clinical manifestations of BPH?
-urinary obstruction
-urinary retention
-UTI
(the changes in urinary tract function slowly develops over a period of time)
What does the AUA pt questionnaire ask?
- incomplete emptying
- frequency
- intermittency
- urgency
- weak stream
- nocturia
- quality of life
What does a high AUA score mean?
a high score means the BPH is worse
How should the prostate feel?
-firm or rubbery
-smooth and symmetric
(nodular or stony may indicate prostate cancer)
What are the assessment tests for BPH?
- digital rectal exam
- PSA: can indicate cancer but can also be false negative, if so biopsy
- UA with culture
- PVR (bladder scan)
- urodynamic studies (radiology)
- cystoscopy
What are the long term complications of BPH?
- hydroureter
- hydronephrosis
- UTIs
- Postrenal Azotemia (increased nitrogens from chronic urinary retention): you know this because BUN (nitrogen) is high meaning chronic and long term
