Bowel Meds

Question 1

stimulant laxative

Answer 1

use: generally best used short term for constipation
- do not use while pregnant
- may be used in combo with osmotic laxatives or enema
- bowel prep prior to bowel exams or surgery
- irritates bowel to increase peristalsis
- quickest acting and most likely to cause cramping and diarrhea
- examples: dulcolax (bisacodyl)

Question 2

saline or osmotic laxative

Answer 2

highly potent; work within hours

• may cause dehydration if taken in excess or client has low fluid intake
• it pulls water into the gi tract
• not absorbed in the intestine
• pull water into fecal mass to create a more watery stool
• creates softer, easier to pass stool
  example: sodium phosphate “fleet” enema, microlax

Question 3

lubricant

Answer 3

• make the stool slippery so that it slides through the intestine more easily
• may decrease the absorption of fat soluble vitamins and some minerals
• acts by lubricating the stool and intestinal mucosa
• may have leaking
• not to be taken at night as particles can be inhaled
• example: mineral oil

Question 4

bulk forming

Answer 4

• often taken to prevent constipation
• may be used on a regular basis
• be cautious if pregnant
• it absorbs water, adding size to fecal mass
• must be taken with water
• may take every 24-48 hrs to be effective
• example: Metamucil

Question 5

stool softners

Answer 5

• used for clients who have undergone surgery, or who are at sudden risk for constipation
• contraindicated during pregnancy
• recommended for short term use, but can be taken for a longer time
• reduces surface tension by causing more water and water to be absorbed into the stool
• do not give to client on sodium restriction
• increases absorption of mineral oil, makes stool easier to pass
• example: docusate (colace)