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NAVLE > Bovine 1 > Flashcards

Bovine 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever:
- causative agent?

A

Ovine herpesvirus 2

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2
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever:
- pathophys of disease

A

affects lymphocytes & allows animals own killer cells to attack BV’s leading to arteritis and multisystemic signs

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3
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever:
- KEY C/S?

A
  • high fever, enlarged LNs
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4
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever:
- other multisystemic signs

A
  • diarrhea
  • oral erosions
  • mucopurulent nasal discharge
  • peeling nose
  • corneal opacity
  • ocular discharge
  • CNS signs
  • lameness
  • sloughing of hooves
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5
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever:
- Dx?

A
  • ELISA serum antibodies
  • PCR (false negs)
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6
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever:
- prevention

A
  • keep cattle and sheep seperate
  • no vx avail
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7
Q

BVDV:
- Etx agent?

A

Pestivirus

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8
Q

BVDV:
- describe the different ways the disease presents and the clinical signs associated

A

1.) Subclinical
2.) Acute
- 6-24m of age
- fever, leukopenia, oculonasal discharge, oral erosions/ulcers, diarrhea
- immunosuppressed, pneumonia
3.) Hemorrhagic Syndrome:
- thrombocytopenia
4.) Reproductive loss:
- infertility & EED @ any stage of gestation
- congenital defects when infected 100-150d
- PI fetal infxn when infected 40-120d
5.) Mucosal/Chronic BVD:
- PI animal is superinfected w/ CP or NCP switches to CP
- peracute, often fatal

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9
Q

BVDV:
- Diagnosis

A

antigen detection
- fluorescent antibody
- IHC (ear notch)
- ELISA

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10
Q

BVDV:
- How does it affect reproduction

A
  • infertility and EED at any stage of gestation
  • PI infections 40-120d
  • congenital defects 100-150d
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11
Q

IBR:
- Etx?

A

Bovine Herpes virus 1

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12
Q

IBR:
- Tranmission?

A
  • airborne or direct contact
  • in utero, at breeding or at birth
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13
Q

IBR:
- C/S?

A

1.) Respiratory
- fever, red nose +/- white plaques, non-productive cough, decreased appetite
- usually entire herd

2.) Abortion
- 5-6m gestation
- can induce abortion w/ live vx

3.) Ocular:
- severe conjunctivitis, clear xs ocular discharge w/ corneal opacity

4.) Infectious Pustular Vulvuovaginitis
- red spots & pustules lining vulva and vagina
- xs tail swtiching, frequent urination, decreased milk prod’n

5.) Generalized neonatal infection
- resp tract, kidneys, liver, GIT, adrenals
- usually fatal

6.) Encephalitis

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14
Q

IBR:
- tx

A
  • none effective; supportive ambs, nsaids
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15
Q

IBR:
- prevention

A
  • isolate new additions
  • dont use live vx in neonatal calves or preg cows
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16
Q

BSE:
- Etx?

A
  • prion
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17
Q

BSE:
- Transmission?

A

contaminated feed w/ rendered infected cattle usually

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18
Q

BSE:
- This disease is REPORTABLE, what can is cause in humans?

A

Creutzfeld-Jakob dz

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19
Q

BSE:
- c/s and onset?

A
  • onset over several months
  • hyperesthesia, nervousness
  • fine tremors
  • persistent licking of the muzzle
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20
Q

BSE:
- Dx?

A

IHC demonstrating prion protein fibrils

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21
Q

BSE:
- Tx?

A

Cull

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22
Q

Bovine Lymphosarcoma:
- etx?

A

bovine leukemia virus

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23
Q

Bovine Lymphosarcoma:
- C/S

A

1.) CNS
- plegia, paresis, head tilt, facial paralysis, dysphagia

2.) GI
- free gas bloat, vagal indigestion, enlarged abdominal LNs, melena, thickened rectum

3.) Cardiac

4.) 25% have peripheral lymphadenopathy

5.) Exopthalmus, weight loss

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24
Q

Bovine Lymphosarcoma:
- dx

A
  • ELISA = positive antibodies
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25
Q

Bovine Lymphosarcoma:
- tx?

A

None effective or legal.

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26
Q

Johnes Disease:
- Etx?

A

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis

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27
Q

Jonnes Disease:
- C/S?

A
  • 3-5 years old
  • thin
  • voluminous diarrhea
  • decreased milk production
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28
Q

Johnes Disease:
- Dx?

A

Individuals = fecal culture

herd = pooled fecal culture, PCR when +

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29
Q

Johnes disease:
- tx?

A

None –> CULL & REPORT

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30
Q

Ketosis:
- what are the 3 “Types”?

A
  • thin cows up to 45d PP
  • Obese cows in per-partum
  • too much silage @ any point of lactation
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31
Q

Ketosis:
- clinical signs?

A
  • dairy cows 1-4 weeks PP, mild anorexia, decreased milk production, malodorous breath = key signs
  • paresthesia, aggressive behaviour, mild proprioceptive deficits
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32
Q

Ketosis:
- dx

A
  • Measure betahydroxybutryic acid in BLOOD (>14.4mg/dl = ketosis)
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33
Q

Ketosis:
- tx?

A
  • oral propylene glycol & IV dextrose
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34
Q

Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis:
- c/s?

A
  • acute anorexia & agalactia
  • unwillingness to move/lie down, arched back, fever
  • +/- papple shape, scant feces
  • sloshing fluid
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35
Q

Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis:
- Dx?

A
  • positive wither grunt test
  • pain response while balloting LEFT ventral abodmen
  • abdominocentesis (purulent or serosaginous fluid)
36
Q

Polioencephalomalacia:
- predisposing factors?

A
  • high rumen thiaminase in high grain diet
  • raw soybeans in diet
  • high sulfur in diet
37
Q

Polioencephalomalacia:
- C/S

A
  • aimeless wandering, star gazing, head pressing, convulsing, recumbent, teeth grinding, normal TPR
38
Q

Polioencephalomalacia:
- dx?

A
  • response to thiamine
  • CSF = normal pleocytosis with increased protein
  • necrosis of cortical grey matter
39
Q

Polioencephalomalacia:
- treatment

A

thiamine +/- anticonvulsants

40
Q

Lumpy Jaw:
- Etx

A

Actinomyces bovis

41
Q

Lumpy Jaw:
- C/S

A
  • gradual onset of hard, non-movable mass on facial bones (mandible) with weight loss and quidding
42
Q

Lumpy Jaw:
- tx?

A

IV sodium iodide

43
Q

Wooden Tongue:
- Etx?

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

44
Q

Wooden Tongue:
- C/S?

A
  • lethargy, ptyalism, protruding tongue, swollen throat latch, dysphagia, stridor
45
Q

Wooden Tongue:
- tx?

A

IV sodium iodide + penicillin

46
Q

Listeria:
- etx?

A

Listeria monocytogenes –> grows in rotting vegetation with high pH

47
Q

Listeria:
- pathophysiology

A

ascends nerves up to brainstem

48
Q

Listeria:
- it is ZOONOTIC, how do humans usually acquire it?

A

Milk contamination

49
Q

Listeria:
- C/S?

A
  • Weaned to adult silage fed cows
  • acute onset pyrexia, depression, anorexia
  • UNILATERAL NEURO SIGNS
50
Q

Listeria:
- dx

A

CSF = mononculear cells, high protein

51
Q

Listeria:
- tx

A

IV tetracycline + supportive care

52
Q

Frothy Bloat:
- what are the 2 categories of cows that get this?

A

1.) pasture cows = recently on legume pasture (past 2 weeks)
2.) feetlot cows = cause unknown

53
Q

frothy bloat:
- key clinical sign

A
  • acute LEFT abdominal distension
54
Q

Frothy bloat:
- 2 key treatments

A

1.) Stomach tube to relieve bloat
2.) anti-foaming agent

55
Q

White muscle disease:
- Etx

A
  • vitamin E or selenium deficiency
56
Q

White muscle disease:
- who is commonly affected

A
  • young growing animals
57
Q

White Muscle Disease:
- describe the main differences between the 2 forms of disease

A

1.) Cardiac - sudden onset, death within 24hrs, recumbent, resp distress
2.) Skeletal form - slower onset, more responsive to therapy, muscle weakness/stiffness, recumbency.

58
Q

Hypomagnesium/Grass Tetany:
- risk factors?

A
  • lush green pasture or green cereal crops
59
Q

Hypomagnesium/Grass Tetany:
- c/s

A
  • tetanic paresis
  • staggering
    -sudden death
  • Fluttering eyelids
  • nystagmus
  • jaw clamping
  • paddling
60
Q

Hypomagnesium/Grass Tetany:
- tx?

A
  • magnesium sulphate (NOT IV = cardiotoxic)
61
Q

Vesicular stomatitis:
- Etx

A

Rhabdovirus

62
Q

Vesicular stomatitis:
- who can it affect

A

horses, cattle, donkeys, mules, pigs

63
Q

Vesicular Stomatits:
- transmission?

A
  • midges (culicoides) and black flies
  • outbreaks in summer/fall
64
Q

Vesicular stomatitis
- C/S?

A
  • fever, salivation, anorexia
  • vesciles of the tongue, dental pads, lips, buccal mucosa, teats, coronary bands that turn to erosions and ulcerations and can become necrotic. r
65
Q

Vesicular Stomatitis:
- tx

A

REPORTABLE

66
Q

Foot and Mouth disease:
- who can it affect

A
  • cloven-hoofed
67
Q

Foot and Mouth Disease:
- transmission?

A
  • aerosols ,animals, humans, fomites
68
Q

Foot And Mouth Disease:
- where does the virus replicate

A

pharynx, udder, intestine

69
Q

Foot and Mouth Disease:
- Etx:

A

Picornavirus

70
Q

Foot and mouth disease:
- lesions/clinical signs?

A

vesicles - oral, nasal, coronary band, GIT
- rupture in 48 hours, mucosal slough then erosion left

71
Q

foot and mouth disease:
- treatment?

A

REPORTABLE

72
Q

Blue Tongue:
- Etx?

A

Culicoides

73
Q

Blue Tongue:
- who is affected

A

Sheep&raquo_space; cattle, goats, elk

74
Q

Blue Tongue:
- C/S

A
  • oral erosions, hemorrhages, ulcers
  • edema, redenning of face, lips, muzzles, ears
  • lameness, coronitis, sloughing of hooves
  • death within 7d
75
Q

Blue Tongue:
- tx?

A

REPORTABLE

76
Q

IBK:
- Etx

A

Moraxella bovis

77
Q

IBK:
- Tranmission?

A

Direct contact, flies

78
Q

IBK:
- Predisposing factors

A
  • UV light
  • flies
  • dust and plant material
79
Q

IBK:
- Who does it commonly affect

A

young cattle

80
Q

IBK:
- C/S?

A
  • Conjunctivitis, blepharospasm
  • epihphora, blindness
  • small opaque region in centre of cornea that progresses to DEEP ULCERATION
81
Q

IBK:
- TX?

A

Systemic oxytetracycline

82
Q

Anaplasmosis:
- etx?

A

anaplasmosis marginalle

83
Q

Anaplasmosis:
- C/S

A
  • pale, icteric, febrile
  • decreased milk prod’n
  • new adult cattle
  • NO HEMOGLOBINURIA
84
Q
A
85
Q

Anaplasmosis
- tx

A

oxytetraycline

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