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1st year - Botanical Medicine > Bot Med - Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Bot Med - Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is a urinary tract infection?

A

typically a bacterial infection of the the bladder (e.g. cystitis ) or kidneys
(e.g. pylonephritis)

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2
Q

Symptoms of UTI?

A
  • dysuria (painful urination)
  • urgency
  • turbid (cloudy) urine
  • hematuria (bloody urine)
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3
Q

Herbal actions useful for treating UTI?

A
  • diuretic
  • urinary antiseptic
  • antiadherence
  • demulcent
  • astringent
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4
Q 
Herbs useful for treating UTI;
Antiadherance?
Antiseptic?
Demulcents?
Astringents?
A 
Antiadherance
• cranberry juice (Vaccinium spp.)
• blueberies (Vaccinium spp.)
Antiseptic
• bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)
• juniper (Juniperus communis)
Demulcents
• marshmallow (Althaea officinalis)
Astringent
• horsetail (Equisetum arvense)
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5
Q

Cautions regarding UTIs?

A

Bladder infections that spread to the kidneys (pylonephritis) are a serious
medical condition and must be managed aggressively.

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6
Q

Diuretic (aquaretic) does?

A

Increases the production and elimination of urine.

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7
Q

When would one use a diuretic?

A
  • urinary tract infections (UTI)
  • kidney stones
  • detoxification
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8
Q

Herbs with diuretic properties?

A
  • parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
  • juniper (Juniperus communis)
  • bear berry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)
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9
Q

Phytochemicals in diuretics?

A
  • essential oil

* alkaloids (e.g. methylxanthines)

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10
Q

Actions of parsley (petroselinum sativum)?

A
  • diuretic
  • carminative
  • antispasmodic
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11
Q

when would one use parsley?

A

• urinary tract infections (UTI)

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12
Q

Phytochemicals in parsley?

A
  • phenylpropanoids (apiole, myristicin)
  • furanocoumarin (psoralen, bergapten)
  • flavonoids
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13
Q

What does parsely inhibit in the kidneys, leading to what?

A

Parsley inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase pump in the kidney leading to
sodium and water excretion and potassium reabsorption.

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14
Q

Cautions regarding parsley?

A

• Pregnancy (uterine stimulant) - myristicin is an abortifacient in high
doses
•Side effects: Photosensitization may occur due to furanocoumarins.

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15
Q

Urinary antiseptics do?

A

discourages or inhibits the growth of microorganisms in the urinary tract.

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16
Q

when would one use urinary antiseptics?

A

urinary tract infections (UTI)

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17
Q

what herbs have urinary antiseptic properties?

A
  • juniper (Juniperus communis)

* bear berry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)

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18
Q

phytochemicals on urinary antiseptics?

A
  • essential oil

* alkaloids (e.g. methylxanthines)

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19
Q

Actions of bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)?

A
  • antiseptic (urinary)

* astringent

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20
Q

when would one use bearberry?

A

urinary tract infections

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21
Q

phytochemicals of bearberry?

A
  • arbutin (hydroquinone glycoside)

* tannins

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22
Q

how does hydroquinone of arbutin become active?

A

Beta-glucosidase enzyme cleaves the sugar from arbutin releases the
active hydroquinone.

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23
Q

Caution regarding bearberry?

A

arbutin generates reactive oxygen species and thus long-term use may
increase the risk for cancer.

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24
Q

Juniper (Juniperus communis) actions?

A
  • diuretic
  • urinary antiseptic
  • antimicrobial
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25
Q

When would one use Juniper?

A

urinary tract infections

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26
Q

phytochemicals on Juniper?

A
  • volatile oils (monoterpene & sesquiterpenes)

* monoterpenes (α-pinene, myrcene, camphor, terpinen-4-ol)

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27
Q

Comment on Juniper and kidney disease?

A

Kidney disease - use with caution because essential oils irritate the
kidneys.

28
Q

Antiadherances do?

A

prevents the attachment of certain microorganisms, which is required to
establish the infection. to the mucousa of the host.

29
Q

when would one use an antiaderhance?

A

urinary tract infection (E.coli)

30
Q

herbs with antiadherance properties?

A

cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)

31
Q

phytochemicals of antiadherances?

A
  • proanthocyanidin

* carbohydrates (e.g. mannose)

32
Q

Actions of Cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon)?

A
  • antiseptic (urinary)
  • diuretic
  • astringent
  • antioxidant
33
Q

when would one use cranberry?

A

urinary tract infections

34
Q

phytochemicals in cranberry?

A
  • proanthocyanidins
  • anthocyanidins
  • fructose
35
Q

Caution regarding cranberry?

A

Considered safe during pregnancy.

36
Q

Demulcent (urinary) does?

A

Increases mucous production to protect the kidney, ureters, bladder and
urethra against friction and irritation

37
Q

when would one use a urinary demulcent?

A
  • urinary tract infectons (UTI)
  • urinary gravel
  • kidney stones
38
Q

Herbs with urinary demulcent properties?

A

marshmallow (Althea officinalis)

39
Q

Actions of Marshmellow (Althea offinalis)?

A
  • demulcent
  • expectorant
  • emollient
40
Q

When would one use marshmellow?

A

Irritations and inflammation of urinary tract:
• cystitis
• urethritis

41
Q

Phytochemicals in marshmellow?

A
  • mucilage
  • soluble fiber
  • tannins (root)
  • flavonoids
  • phenolic acids
42
Q

herbal actions useful in treatment of kidney stones?

A
  • antilithic
  • diuretic
  • astringent
  • antispasmodic
43
Q

herbs useful in treating kidney stones?

A
  • chanca piedra (Phyllanthus niruri)

* joe-Pye weed (Eupatorium purpureum)

44
Q

caution regarding kidney stones?

A 
Oxalic acid (oxalate) - avoid certain vegetables (e.g. beats, spinach,
swiss chard, chocolate, nuts, beans, rhubarb, black tea).
45
Q

Antilithics do?

A

Prevents and aids the expulsion of liths (i.e. stones) from the body.

46
Q

when would one use an antilithic?

A
  • gallstones

* kidney stones

47
Q

herbs with antilithic properties?

A
  • chanca piedra (Phyllanthus niruri)

* joe-Pye weed (Eupatorium purpureum)

48
Q

Chanca pedra (phyllanthus niruri) actions?

A
  • antilithic

* antispasmodic

49
Q

when would one use chanca pedra?

A
  • urinary gravel

* kidney stones

50
Q

Joe-Pye weed (eupatorium purpuream) actions?

A
  • antilithic

* diuretic

51
Q

when would one use Joe-pye weed?

A
  • urinary gravel
  • kidney stones
  • urinary tract infections
52
Q

phytochemicals of joe-pye weed?

A
  • benzofuran (e.g. euparin)

* flavonoids

53
Q

caution regarding joe-pye weed?

A

Photosensitization? - contains benzofurans

54
Q

What is Hematuria? caused by?

A

• blood in the urine usually caused by, but not limited to:
• urinary tract infections
• kidney stones
• enlarged prostate
• Note: blood in the urine can also be associated with serious conditions
(e.g. cancer, kidney disease) and therefore the cause should be
discovered and treated.

55
Q

herbal actions useful in treating hematuria?

A
  • astringent
  • antiinflammatory
  • demulcent
56
Q

Herb useful in treating hematuria?

A

horsetail (Equisetum arvense)

57
Q

Astringent does?

A

contracts and thickens tissues to decrease permeability and increase
resistance to physical stress

58
Q

when would one use an astringent?

A

hematuria

59
Q

herb with astringent properties?

A

horsetail (Equisetum arvense)

60
Q

phytochemicals of astringents?

A

tannins

61
Q

caution regarding astringents (phytochemical of)?

A

Tannins can impair absorption of nutrients.

62
Q

Horsetail (equisetum arvense) actions?

A
  • astringent
  • diuretic (mild)
  • styptic
63
Q

when would one use horsetail?

A
  • hematuria
  • urinary tract infections (adjunctive herb)
  • enuresis (bed-wetting)
64
Q

phytochemicals in horsetail?

A
  • tannins

* silica

65
Q

Horsetail and connective tissue?

A

believed to help strengthen connective tissues

1st year - Botanical Medicine (8 decks)

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