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1st year - Botanical Medicine > Bot Med - Skin & Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Bot Med - Skin & Musculoskeletal Flashcards

0
Q

What are the three degrees of burns?

A

1st degree: superficial - red skin, no loss of skin

2nd degree: partial thickness - blistering

3rd degree: full thickness - skin appears charred with little sensation.

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1
Q

What is a burn?

A

Lesions that result from the exposure to heat, radiation or caustic chemicals.

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2
Q

Major burns can result in what systemic complications?

A

Shock, ulcers, renal failure, hypothermia, immunosuppression.

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3
Q

What two actions of herbs are beneficial for burns?

A

Vulnerary

Astringent

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4
Q

For a first degree burn action should one take?(four steps)

A

Apply cold water
Clean burn area with gentle soap twice daily
Keep dressing and wound dry
Apply topical herbs every 3-4 hours

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5
Q

What topical herbs can be applied to first degree burns?

A 
Marigold (calendula officinalis)
Chamomile (matricaria chammomilla)
Aloe Vera
Witch-hazel (hamamelis virginiana)
& Oak (quercus spp.)
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6
Q

What are three additional actions one can take to aid in burn healing?

A
  • Cool compression - decrease pain and swelling
  • Elevate the effected area
  • Monitor for 24-48 hours for signs of infection or other complications
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7
Q

A diet high in what, is good for sunburn prevention?

A

High in carotenoids and catechins

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8
Q

What four phytochemicals are beneficial in treatment of burns?

A
  • sesquiterpene
  • carotenoids (carotene & lycopene)
  • tannins
  • gel
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9
Q

What does a vulnerary do when applied externally?

A

Speeds up the healing of wounds.

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10
Q

For what kinds of injuries would vulneraries be used for?

A

Soft tissue injuries (wounds, bruises, lacerations, burns, ulcers)

Hard tissue injuries (sprains, strains, fractures)

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11
Q

What are five vulnerary herbs?

A
  • Marigold (Calendula officinalis)
  • Greater plantain (Plantago major)
  • Arnica (Arnica Montana)
  • Comfrey (Symphytum officinalis)
  • Chamomile (Marticaria chammomilla)
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12
Q

What are three phytochemicals of vulneraries?

A
  • sesquiterpene lactones
  • triterpenoids
  • purine alkaloid derivatives (allantoin)
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13
Q

What are the four actions of marigold (calendula officinalis)?

A
  • vulnerary
  • antimicrobial
  • antiinfammatory
  • antiulcerogenic
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14
Q

When would one use marigold (calendula officinalis)?

A

**• burns (thermal, radiation & UV induced)
**• wound healing
• dermatitis
• eczema
• acne

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15
Q

What are three phytochemicals contained in marigold (calendula officinalis)?

A
  • terpenoids
  • flavonoids
  • carotenoids
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16
Q

Marigold (calendula officinalis) is used internally with caution in what population? And why?

A

Pregnant women because of emmenogogue

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17
Q

Aloe Vera has what tree actions?

A
  • vulnerary
  • demulcent
  • immunostimulant
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18
Q

When would you use aloe vera?

A

**• thermal burns (2nd degree)

• wound healing

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19
Q

Aloe extracts have two distinct effects, what are they?

A
  • gel - wound healing

* resin - contains anthraquinones and is used as a stimulating laxative

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20
Q

What is a laceration?

A

A wound to the skin and underlying tissue caused by a sharp object that causes tearing and results in bleeding

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21
Q

Hat three actions of herbs are beneficial for lacerations?

A
  • astringent
  • styptic
  • vulnerary (use once it’s stopped bleeding)
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22
Q

What three herbs are good to use to treat lacerations?

A
  • Witch hazel (hamamelis virginiana)
  • oak (quercus spp.)
  • marigold (calendula officinalis)
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23
Q

Why are certain vulneraries, such as arnica, unsuitable or lacerations?

A

Because of the risk of systemic absorption.

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24
Q

What does an astringent do?

A

It contracts and thickens tissues to decrease permeability an increase resistance to physical stress.

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25
Q

When would astringents be used?

A

Used externally for:
• wound healing
• ulcers
• dermatitis

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26
Q

What two herbs have good astringent properties?

A
  • witch hazel (hamamelis virginiana)

* oak (quercus spp.)

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27
Q

What are two phytochemicals of astringents?

A
  • tannins

* phenolics

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28
Q

What can the prolonged excess internal consumption of tannins impair?

A

Can impair nutrient absorption.

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29
Q

What is a styptic?

A

An astringent compound that stops bleeding when applied topically.

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30
Q

When would one use a styptic?

A
  • lacerations

* ulcers

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31
Q

Styptic a are found in what two herbs?

A
  • Witch hazel (hamamelis vieginiana)

* Oak (quercus spp.)

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32
Q

What two phytochemicals are present in styptics?

A
  • tannins

* phenolics

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33
Q

What are four actions of witch hazel and/or oak?

A
  • astringent
  • antiinfammatory
  • antihemorrhagic
  • styptic
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34
Q

Why would one use witch hazel and/or oak?

A 
Topically for:
**• lacerations
• bruises
• weeping eczema
• varicose veins
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35
Q

What phytochemical is present in witch hazel (hamamelis virginiana) and oak (quercus spp.)?

A

Tannins

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36
Q

What are leg ulcers?

A

Wounds that occur to the skin that fail to heal.

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37
Q

What are four common causes of leg ulcers?

A
  • diabetic ulcer
  • decubitus ulcers (bed sores, pressure ulcers)
  • venous and arterial ulcers (poor circulation)
  • nutrient deficiencies
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38
Q

What two actions of herbs would be beneficial for treatment of leg ulcers?

A
  • astringent

* vulnerary

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39
Q

What five herbs can be used to treat leg ulcers?

A
  • greater plantain (Plantago major)
  • marigold (calendula officinalis)
  • comfrey (symphytum officinalis)
  • honey
  • witch hazel (hamamelis virginiana)
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40
Q

What does an antiulcerogenic do?

A

Prevents and/or facilitates the healing of ulcers.

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41
Q

What herbal actions do antiulcerogenics share?

A
  • vulnerary
  • demulcent
  • astringent
  • antimicrobials
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42
Q

When would one use antiulcerogenics?

A

For treatment of ulcers.

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43
Q

What herbs does one refer to for antiulcerogenic properties?

A

Herbs with vulnerary and astringent properties.

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44
Q

What are phytochemicals contained in antiulcerogenics?

A

Tannins and phenolics

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45
Q

What are four actions of greater plantain (Plantago major)?

A
  • vulnerary
  • antiulcerogenic
  • antiinfammatory
  • demulcent
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46
Q

When would one use greater plantain (Plantago major)?

A 
Use externally for:
**• leg ulcers
**• wounds (burns, cuts, lacerations)
• eczema
• insect bites
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47
Q

What are four phytochemicals found in greater plantain (Plantago major)?

A
  • iridium glycosides (aucubin, catalpol)
  • mucilage
  • tannins
  • allantoin
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48
Q

What are the seven actions of honey?

A
  • antimicrobial
  • osmotic
  • iron chelator
  • acidic
  • vulnerary
  • anticholinergic
  • antiinflammatory
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49
Q

What would one use honey for?

A

Use externally for:
**• leg ulcers
**• burns
• herpes simplex (cold sores)

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50
Q

What are four phytochemicals of honey?

A
  • flavonoids
  • enzymes (glucose oxidase makes hydrogen peroxide)
  • carbohydrates
  • methylglyoxal (high amounts in Manuka honey)
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51
Q

What effect does the pasteurization of honey have?

A

It will destroy the enzymes a d decrease its efficacy.

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52
Q

Bruises (aka hematoma, contusion, ecchymosis) are what?

A

A blue or purple lesion produces by internal bleeding usually resulting from blunt trauma that does not require skin to be broken.

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53
Q

What herbal actions are beneficial in the treatment of bruises?

A
  • vulnerary
  • antiinflammatory
  • astringent
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54
Q

What two topical herbs can be used to treat bruises?

A
  • arnica (arnica montana)

* witch hazel (hamamelis virginiana)

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55
Q

What are two phytochemicals beneficial for bruise treatment?

A
  • Sesquiterpene lactones

* tannins

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56
Q

What are three actions of arnica (arnica montana)?

A
  • vulnerary
  • antiinflammatory
  • antiseptic
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57
Q

When would one use arnica?

A

Topically for:
**• bruises
• myalgia (muscle pain)
• arthritis

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58
Q

What phytochemical is found in arnica?

A

Sesquiterpene lactones (e.g. Helenalin)

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59
Q

What are contraindications for arnica use?

A

Internal use: toxic and may result in severe gastroenteritis, muscle paralysis, cardiac failure and death.

Do not use on broken skin

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60
Q

What are chronic skin conditions believed to be caused by?

A

Dyscrasia “bad blood” from wasteland toxins that disrupt normal functioning of the body.

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61
Q

What herbal actions are good for treating bro if skin conditions? (7)

A
  • alteratives
  • lymphatics
  • hepatics
  • laxatives
  • hormone regulators
  • phytoestrogens
  • vulnerary
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62
Q

What is an alterative?

A

A “blood cleanser” that facilitates the removal of waste products that interfere with normal functioning of the body.

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63
Q

When would one use an alterative?

A
  • chronic skin conditions

* metabolic disturbances

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64
Q

Name three herbs that act as alteratives

A
  • burdock root (arctium lappa)
  • barberry (berberis vulgaris)
  • yellow dock (fumed crispus)
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65
Q

What are the actions of burdock root (arctium lappa)? (3)

A
  • alterative
  • bitter
  • prebiotic
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66
Q

When would one use burdock root (arctium lappa)?

A

Chronic skin conditions

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67
Q

What are three phytochemicals in burdock root?

A
  • sesquiterpene lactones
  • lignins (arctigenin)
  • inulin (roots)
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68
Q

What are the actions of yellow dock (tuned crispus)? (4)

A
  • alterative
  • bowel tonic
  • laxative (stimulating)
  • bitter
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69
Q

When would one use yellow dock?

A
  • ** chronic skin eruptions due to poor digestion and elimination
  • ** eczema
  • ** acne
  • ** psoriasis
  • sluggish bowels
  • constipation
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70
Q

What is a phytochemical of yellow dock?

A

Anthraquinone

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71
Q

Side-effects of yellow dock?

A
  • red coloured urine
  • dependency…constipation
  • fresh root may lead to nausea & vomiting
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72
Q

Lon term use of yellow dock could lead to?

A

Hypokalemia

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73
Q

Yellow dock toxicity concerns?

A

Leaves are high in oxalis acid - which causes kidney stones.

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74
Q

What does a lymphatic do?

A

Promotes the proper function of lymphatic organs and he drainage of lymph to help clean blood.

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75
Q

When would one use a lymphatic?

A
  • ** chronic skin conditions
  • viral infections
  • swollen lymph nodes
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76
Q

What herb ace as a lymphatic?

A

Gallium (galium Spain

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77
Q

What are the actions of gallium (galium aparine)? (3)

A
  • lymphatic
  • alterative
  • diuretic
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78
Q

When would one use gallium?

A
  • skin conditions
  • swollen lymph nodes
  • exanthematous rashes (measles)
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79
Q

What phytochemicals are found in gallium?

A
  • iridoid glycosides (asperukoside)
  • phenolic acids
  • tannins
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80
Q

Dermatitis common causes?

A
  • chemical sensitivities
  • food allergies
  • infection
  • nutrient deficiencies
  • genetics
  • poor circulation
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81
Q

To acute type of dermatitis?

A
  • Contact dermatitis - caused by allergy or chemical sensitivity
  • wheeping eczema
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82
Q

Two chronic forms of dermatitis?

A
  • atopic dermatitis - caused by internal/external allergens

* seborrheic dermatitis - dandruff caused by fungus

83
Q

What herbal actions help for dermatitis?

A
  • astringent
  • emolient
  • ** antiinflammatory
  • ** vulnerary
  • alterative
  • antiallergic
  • antipruritic
  • antifungal
84
Q

What herbs help dermatitis?

A 
Topical
•** marigold (calendula officinalis)
•** tea tree (melaleuca alternifolia)
• witch hazel or oak
• oatmeal (aveena sativa)
85
Q

Poison ivy is what and acts how?

A
  • oleoresin containing urushiol that causes contact dermatitis
  • urushiol binds to proteins in skin for ing a hapten (type III hypersensitivity)
86
Q

Easiest way to treat?

A

Wash with soap and water immediately after contact.

87
Q

Herbs to treat poison ivy reaction?

A
  • oak or witch hazel
  • oatmeal bath
  • greater plantain
88
Q

Poison ivy and cashews/mangoes?

A

Same family…may react from resins of those plants

89
Q

What does an emollient do?

A

Softens and soothes skin

90
Q

Emollient herbs?

A
  • Olive oil

* oatmeal

91
Q

Phytochemicals in emollients?

A
  • mucilage

* oils

92
Q

Aqueous based creams/lotions vs salves?

A

Former is moisturizing - absorb

93
Q

What does an antipruritic do?

A

Relieves itch sensation

94
Q

When would one use an antipruritic?

A
  • insect bites
  • eczema
  • poison ivy
  • stinging nettles
95
Q

What phytochemicals are found in antipruritics?

A
  • essential oils
  • mucilage
  • phenolic compounds
96
Q

What about counter-irritants?

A

Can act as antipruritics

97
Q

Actions of oatmeal (aveena sativa)? (5)

A
  • demulcent
  • antipruritic
  • antiinflammatory
  • antioxidant
  • emollient
98
Q

When would one use oatmeal?

A 
Externally
•** dermatitis
•** poison ivy
•** eczema
• sunburn
99
Q

Phytochemicals in oatmeal?

A
  • mucilage (beta-glucans)

* polyphenols (avenanthramide)

100
Q

To make an oatmeal bath?

A
  • grind oatmeal - 1 cup
  • add to a tipid or warm bath
  • soak affected pars for 10-20 minutes
  • gently pat dry
  • repeat 2-3 times per day
101
Q

What herbal actions are good to treat acne?

A
  • hormone regulator
  • alterative
  • phytoestrogenic
  • vulnerary
  • antimicrobial
102
Q

What herbs can be used to treat acne, internal?

A
  • chaste berry (vitex agnus)
  • barberry (berberis vulgaris)
  • red clover (trifolium pratense)
  • yellow dock (rumex crispus)
103
Q

What herbs can be used to treat acne, topical?

A
  • tea tree (melaceuca alternifolia)
  • green tea (camellia sinensis)
  • marigold (calendula officinalis)
  • honey
104
Q

Phytochemicals in acne treatment?

A
  • Essential oils
  • coumarins
  • phytoestrogens
  • triterpenoids
  • soluble fiber
  • bitters
105
Q

Fracture definition?

A

Injury that causes bone to crack or break apart

106
Q

Herbal action to treat fractures?

A
  • vulnerary

* antiinflammatory

107
Q

Herbs to treat fractures?

A

External
• comfrey (symphytum officinalis)
• San qi (panax notoginsing)

Internal
• San qi
• arnica

108
Q

Comfrey actions?

A
  • vulnerary
  • antiinflammatory
  • demulcent
  • astringent (root)
109
Q

Use comfrey for?

A
  • fracture

* soft and hard tissue injury

110
Q

Phytochemicals of comfrey?

A
  • purine alkaloids derivative (allantoin)

* pyrrolizidine alkaloids

111
Q

Comfrey caution?

A

Excessive oral consumption may be hepatotoxic - internal use banned I. Some countries

112
Q

Arthritis = inflammation of joints. Two types?

A
  • Osteoarthritis - wear and tear

* Rheumatoid arthritis - autoimmune disease - great inflammation and swelling

113
Q

Herbal actions to treat arthritis?

A
  • antirheumetic
  • antiinflammatory
  • anodyne
  • analgesic
114
Q

Herbs to treat arthritis?

A

Internal
• turmeric (curcumin longa)
• devil’s claw (harpagophytum procumbens)
• Indian frankincense (boswellia serrata)

Topical
• castor oil
• arnica gel

115
Q

Phytochemicals for arthritis?

A
  • polyphenolics
  • iridoids
  • triterpenoids
116
Q

Antirheumetic does?

A

Relieves arthritis

117
Q

When would one use an antirheumetic?

A
  • arthritis
  • fibromyalgia
  • myalgia
118
Q

What herbs contain antirheumetic?

A
  • turmeric (curcumin longa)
  • devil’s claw (harpagophytum procumbens)
  • frankincense (boswellia serrata)
  • willow (Salix spp.)
119
Q

What phytochemicals are contained in antirheumetics?

A
  • phenolics
  • iridoids
  • triterpenoids
120
Q

Action of an antiinflammatory?

A

Decease or inhibit inflammation.

121
Q

When would one use an antiinflammatory?

A
  • arthritis
  • gastritis, colitis
  • cystitis, nephritis
  • hepatitis, cholecytitis
  • dermatitis
122
Q

Herbs containing antiinflammatory properties?

123
Q

Phytochemicals of antiinflammatories?

A
  • phenolics
  • iridoids, secoiridoids
  • sesquiterpene lactones
124
Q

Analgesic does?

A

Alleviates pain without loss of consciousness

125
Q

When would one use an analgesic?

A
  • pain

* arthritis

126
Q

Herbs with analgesic properties?

A
  • turmeric (curcumin longa)
  • devil’s claw (harpagophytum procumbens)
  • frankincense (boswellia serrata)
  • willow (Salix spp.)
127
Q

Phytochemicals of analgesics?

A
  • phenolics

* iridoids

128
Q

Actions of willow (Salix spp.)?

A
  • antirheumetic
  • antiinflammatory
  • analgesic
  • antipyretic
129
Q

When would one use willow?

A
  • pain
  • myalgia
  • arthritis
130
Q

Phytochemicals of willow?

A

Simple phenolic - salicyclic acid

131
Q

Actions of Devil’s claw (harpagophytum procumbens)?

A
  • antiinflammatory
  • antirheumetic
  • analgesic
132
Q

When would one use devil’s claw?

A
  • rheumatic conditions
  • arthritis
  • chronic back pain
133
Q

Phytochemicals of devil’s claw?

A

Iridoid glycosides (harpagoside)

134
Q

Caution regarding devil’s claw?

A

Gastritis and ulcers…concomitant ingestion of demulcent herbs can counteract/protect

135
Q

Actions of turmeric (curcumin longa)?

A
  • antiinflammatory

* antirheumetic

136
Q

When would one use turmeric?

A
  • rheumatic conditions
  • arthritis
  • chronic back pain
137
Q

Phytochemicals of turmeric?

A
  • polyphenolics (curcuminoids: curcumin)

* essential oils

138
Q

Ginger (zingiber officinale) and turmeric?

A

Similar actions but ginger can also be used for arthritis and inflammatory conditions

139
Q

Turmeric cautions?

A

Pregnancy: safe when consumed as directed

High dose: may cause heart burn

140
Q

Myalgia definition?

A

Muscle pain

141
Q

Herbal actions to treat?

A
  • anodyne

* antiinflammatory

142
Q

Herbs to treat myalgia?

A 
Topical
• essential oils
• castor oils
• cayenne plaster
• arnica gel
143
Q

Phytochemicals to treat myalgia?

A

Essential oils

144
Q

Anodyne does?

A

Alleviates pain when applied topically (topical analgesic)

145
Q

Anodyne acts on?

A
  • cold receptors
  • hot receptors
  • nerve blocks
146
Q

When would one use anodynes?

A
  • arthritis
  • myalgia
  • neuropathy
147
Q

Phytochemicals of anodyne?

A

Essential oils

148
Q

What is a counter-irritant?

A

A type of anodyne that causes a sensation or irritation to the skin to lessen the perception of pain.

149
Q

Counter-irritants act on?

A

Cold and hot receptors.

150
Q

When would one use counter-irritant?

A
  • arthritis
  • myalgia
  • neuropathy
  • insect bites
  • headaches
151
Q

Herbs acting as counter-irritants?

A
  • peppermint (mentha piperita)
  • cayenne (capsicum frutescens)
  • wintergreen (gaultheria procumbens)
  • camphor laurel (cinnamomum camphora)
152
Q

Phytochemical of counter-irritant?

A

Essential oils

153
Q

Rubefacient does?

A

Makes skin red by dilating capillaries causing an increase blood flow to the area resulting

154
Q

Use Rubefacient when?

A
  • myalgia

* arthritis

155
Q

Herbs containing Rubefacient?

156
Q

Phytochemicals of Rubefacient?

A
  • essential oils
  • phenolics
  • sulfur
157
Q

Actions of camphor (cinnamomum camphora)?

A
  • anodyne
  • antipruritic
  • counter-irritant
158
Q

When would one use camphor laurel?

A
  • muscle pain
  • insect bites
  • itchy skin
159
Q

Phytochemicals of camphor laurel?

A

Camphor (monoterpene, essential oil)

160
Q

Camphor laurel caution?

A

Toxic in high amounts (2-4g) when consumed orally. Can be absorbed through skin.

161
Q

Wintergreen (gaultheria procumbens) actions?

A
  • antiinflammatory
  • ** rubefacient
  • counter-irritant
  • anodyne
  • antipruritic
162
Q

When would one use wintergreen?

A
  • muscle pain

* insect bites

163
Q

Phytochemicals of wintergreen?

A

Methyl salicylate

164
Q

Wintergreen cautions?

A

Toxic: 1tsp of wintergreen oil = 300 aspirin
Absorbed topically - can cause death
Salicylate sensitivities - should avoid wintergreen and sport creams

165
Q

Actions of peppermint?

A
  • ** rubefacient
  • counter-irritant
  • anodyne
  • antipruritic
166
Q

When would one use peppermint?

A

Topically for:
• muscle pain
• insect bites

167
Q

Phytochemic of peppermint?

A

Monoterpene

168
Q

Action of cayenne (capsicum frutescens)?

A
  • analgesic

* rubefacient

169
Q

When would one use cayenne?

A

Topically
• myalgia
• arthritis
• peripheral neuropathy (nerve pain)

170
Q

Phytochemicals in cayenne?

A

Phenolic-alkylamides (capsaicinoid)

171
Q

Caution in cayenne use?

A

A kid contact with sensitive areas.

172
Q

Cayenne depletes what?

A

Substance P used in transmitting pain signals.

173
Q

Castor oil actions?

A
  • analgesic

* antiinflammatory

174
Q

When would one use castor oil?

A

Topically
• myalgia
• arthritis
• bruises

175
Q

Phytochemical of castor oil?

A

Ricinoleic acid

176
Q

Castor oil depletes?

A

Substance P used in transmitting pain signals

177
Q

Castor oil vs ultra sound gel?

A

Castor oil is better for pain relief.

178
Q

Castor oil toxicity?

A

Castor oil is safe. Castor bean contains highly toxic ricin!

Ricin A - depruniates RNA & inhibits protein synthesis
& B - lectin, binds to cell surface markers & facilitates the entry of ricin A into cell.

179
Q

What herbal actions are used for treating insect bites?

A
  • Insect repellant

* Antipruritic

180
Q

What herbs can be used for insect bites?

A
  • Repellent - essential oils
  • lemon grass (cymbopogon spp.)
  • catnip (nepeta cataria)
  • basil (ocimum spp.)
  • camphor (cinnamomum camphora)
  • neem (azadirachta indica)

Apply to bite
• essential oils
• plantain (Plantago)

181
Q

Catnip vs DEET?

A

In vitro, catnip is 10X better

182
Q

Herbal actions to treat cold sore?

A

Antimicrobial

Indications
• antiviral

183
Q

Herbs used to treat cold sores?

A 
Topical
• honey and bee propolis
• green tea (camellia sinensis)
• lemon balm (Melissa officinalis)
• St. John's wort (hypermecium perforatum)
• oregano oil
184
Q

Phytochemicals in cold sore treatment?

A
  • tannins
  • phenolics
  • essential oils
185
Q

Acute phase of cold sore…what can you apply?

A

Ice - decreases swelling, pain, progression

186
Q

Warts are…?

A

Small rough skin growths caused by viruses (HPV)

187
Q

Herbal actions in wary treatment?

A
  • eschariotic

* antiviral

188
Q

Herbs to use for wary treatment?

A
  • may apple (podiphylum peltatum)
  • cedar (thuja occidentalis)
  • bloodroot (sanguinaria canadensis)
189
Q

Phytochemicals in wart treatment?

A
  • essential oils
  • isoquinoline alkaloids
  • lignans
190
Q

Eschariotic does?

A

Destroys tissues, producing and “eschar” (scab) that slough off

191
Q

When would one use eschariotics?

192
Q

Herbs act as eschariotic?

A 
Bloodroot (sanguinaria canadensis)
May apple (podiphylum peltatum)
193
Q

Actions of May apple (podiphylum peltatum)?

A
  • antimiyotic
  • antiviral
  • eschariotic
194
Q

When would one use may apple?

A
  • ** warts

* cancer

195
Q

Phytochemicals in may apple?

A

Lignans (podiphyllotoxin)

196
Q

What anti cancer drug is derived from podiphyllotoxin?

197
Q

Caution for may apple?

A

Not for internal use

198
Q

Actions of blood root?

A
  • eschariotic

* antimicrobial

199
Q

When would one use bloodroot?

A
  • ** warts
  • skin cancer
  • fungal infections
200
Q

Phytochemicals in bloodroot?

A

Isoquinoline alkaloids (sanguinaria)

201
Q

Caution regarding bloodroot?

A

Internally toxic - dot use in high doses

Sanguinaria may be hepatotoxic

202
Q

Herbal action to treat athlete’s foot?

A

Antifungal

203
Q

Herbs to use to treat athlete’s foot?

A

Avoid exposing feet to heat and moisture

Topical
• tea tree oil (melaleuca alternifolia)
• garlic (allium sativum)

204
Q

Phytochemicals useful against athlete’s foot?

A
  • tannins
  • phenolics
  • essential oils

1st year - Botanical Medicine (8 decks)

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