Bot Med I- Morphology

Question 1

taproot

examples?

Answer 1

large primary root that extends straight down & tapers gradually
taraxacum officinale 
arctium lappa (burdock)

Question 2

fibrous root

examples?

Answer 2

many roots extending down from the stem
allium sativum (garlic)
epilobium sp. (willow herb plant)

Question 3

adventitious root

Answer 3

arises from non-root tissue (usually from a stem)

Question 4

monocot vs dicot

Answer 4

when seed sprouts do you have a single blade or multiple lobed structure? monocot= one
dicot= more than one

Question 5

purpose of a stem? good for exchanging what? good for what processes?

Answer 5

supports leaves, flowers, etc
good for exchange of water, nutrients, sap
place for fuel storage
can be part of photosynthesis in green stems

Question 6

pith

Answer 6

center of a stem

can be woody, dense, chambered or hollow

Question 7

xylem

Answer 7

carries water and minerals from the root upwards

Question 8

cambium

Answer 8

interface b/w xylem and phloem

Question 9

phloem

Answer 9

carries sugars down the plant

Question 10

bud scales

Answer 10

modified leaves that protect the bud

Question 11

what external feature of a plant shows growth patterns from the year prior?

Answer 11

terminal bud scale scars

Question 12

bulb

example?

Answer 12

underground storage leaves attached at a base

garlic

Question 13

corm

flower example?

Answer 13

short, thickened underground stem w/scales that forms a tunic, solid
crocus sativus

Question 14

crown

plant example?

Answer 14

compressed stem w/leaves above and roots below
carrots
taraxacum officinale

Question 15

stolon

plant example?

Answer 15

horizontal, above-ground runner that sets down roots or generates a plantlet at its nodes
strawberries
silverweed (potentilla anserina)

Question 16

rhizome

plant example?

Answer 16

horizontally growing underground stems
hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal)

Question 17

twining stems

plant example?

Answer 17

used for climbing, some twist CC, some CCW
lonicera sempervirens (honeysuckle)

Question 18

tuber

plant example?

Answer 18

enlarged rhizome containing stored food, “eyes”/modified buds dotted around them
potatoes

Question 19

tuberous stem

Answer 19

storage stem w/buds only on the “up” side