Bot Med I- Immunostimulants and Immunomodulators

Question 1

what are immunostimulants? used for what? can influence what processes? energetics of most of them?

Answer 1

agents that increase activity of the immune system
used to fortify body’s response to invasion by pathogen
increase phagocytosis, production of WBCs and moderation of various cytokines
heating, stimulating and drying

Question 2

what are immunomodulators?

Answer 2

agents that have a tonifying effect on the immune system
gradual in action
can fortify the immune system w/o overstimulation
known to ‘cool’ or down-regulate immune hyperfunction

Question 3

latin name of purple coneflower? family?

Answer 3

echinacea spp

asteraceae

Question 4

latin name of purple coneflower? part used and energetics?

Answer 4

echinacea spp
root, rhizome, whole plant
cooling, drying, stimulating

Question 5

latin name of purple coneflower? actions, indications and contraindications?

Answer 5

echinacea spp
actions: immunostimulator, enhance phagocytosis, inhibits hyaluronidase, lymphagogue, vulnerary, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, stimulates leukocytes
indications: infection, sepsis, pharyngitis, prevention of URIs, snake bites, ulcers
c/is: in inflammatory AI dzs

Question 6

echinacea is a main remedy for what conditions?

Answer 6

septicemia
venom infection
cerebro-spinal meningitis

Question 7

echinacea purpurea is most effective in what preparation form what is its action?

Answer 7

30% alcohol tincture, as a lymphagogue

Question 8

echinacea angustifolia is most effective in what preparation form and what is its indication?

Answer 8

80% alcohol tincture, for septicemia

Question 9

echinacea pallida is specifically used for what condition?

Answer 9

supportive therapy in influenza infection

Question 10

latin name for common boneset? family?

Answer 10

eupatorium perfoliatum

family: asteraceae

Question 11

latin name for common boneset? parts used? energetics?

Answer 11

eupatorium perfoliatum

parts: aerial art in bud or flower
energetics: cooling, drying, earthy

Question 12

latin name for common boneset? actions? indications? c/is?

Answer 12

eupatorium perfoliatum
actions: stimulating diaphroetic, cholegogue, choleretic, diuretic, antispasmodic
indications: flu-like illnesses w/pain that sets into the bone
c/is: allergic hypersensitivity resulting in contact dermatitis, PG

Question 13

latin name of haung qi (astragulus)? family?

Answer 13

astragalus membranaceus

family: fabaceae

Question 14

latin name of haung qi? part used? energetics?

Answer 14

astragalus membranaceus
part used: root
energetics: mildly warming

Question 15

latin name of haung qi? actions? indications? c/is?

Answer 15

astragalus membranaceus
actions: immunomodulating, promotes tissue regeneration, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, cardiotonic, helps preserve WBC counts in chemo, hepatoprotective
indications: gentle builder for those w/low vitality, those who are prone to frequent infection, w/weak tissues and/or poor digestion, good for children
c/is: AI conditions, antagonizes cyclophasphamide (rx used to prevent transplant rejection) and in lymphomas and leukemias

Question 16

latin name for elderberry? family? part used? energetics?

Answer 16

sambucus nigra
family: caprifoliaceae
parts used: flower, berry
energetics: relaxing

Question 17

latin name for elderberry? actions? indications? c/is?

Answer 17

sambucus nigra
actions: berries- antiviral, immunostimulant; flowers- diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, nervine
indications: flu, colds, cough
c/is: unripe fruit, seeds, bark, leaves and root can cause diarrhea, n/v, dizziness, tachycardia and convulsions

Question 18

latin name for wild indigo? family? part used? energetics?

Answer 18

baptisia tinctora
family: fabaceae
part used: root
energetics: cooling

Question 19

latin name of wild indigo? actions? indications? c/is?

Answer 19

baptisia tinctora
actions: immunostimulant, antimicrobial, febrifuge
indications: infections, protracted fever w/severely depressed vital force, ulceration of tissue
c/is: PG

Question 20

latin name of kalmegh? family? part used? energetics?

Answer 20

andrographis paniculata
family: acanthaceae
part used: aerial parts
energetics: bitter and cooling

Question 21

latin name of kalmegh? actions? indications? c/is?

Answer 21

andrographis paniculata
actions: bacteriostatic, virostatic, antipyretic, bitter, hypertensive, antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective
indications: URI, dysentery, gripe of infancy, topically for snake bites
c/is: PG

Question 22

latin name of turkey tail? phyllum? family? part used? energetics?

Answer 22

trametes versicolor
phyllum: basidiomycota
family: polyporaceae
part used: fruiting body
energetics: sweet and warming, clears dampness

Question 23

latin name of turkey tail? actions? indications? c/is?

Answer 23

trametes versicolo
actions: increase phago, NK response to lethal CMV, interferon, free radical scavenger, increases survival in CA pts, helps stabilize WBC counts in chemo pts
indications: taken w/chemo to decrease side effects, provide immune support, stabilize WBC count
c/is: PG and lactation

Question 24

latin name of maitake? phyllum? family? part used? energetics?

Answer 24

grifola frondosa
phyllum: basidiomycota
family: meripilaceae
part used: fruiting body
energetics: bland, mild

Question 25

latin name of maitake? actions? indications? c/is?

Answer 25

grifola frondosa
actions: anti-CA, immunomodulating, antiviral (HIV, HSV, HBV), antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant
indications: immune support during chemo, CA prevention, diabetes, HTN
c/is: none known

Question 26

latin name of reishi, ling-zhi? phyllum? family?

Answer 26

ganoderma lucidum

phyllum: basidiomycota
family: ganodermataceae

Question 27

latin name of reishi, ling-zhi? actions? indications? c/is?

Answer 27

ganoderma lucidum
actions: antiallergeic action, anti-HTN, inhibits histamine release, hypotensive, decreases platelet aggregation, decreases LDL, decreases arrhythmia, decreases insomnia, decreases angina, protects against ionizing radiation
indications: CA tx to increase immune fxn, tx fatigue, HTN, immune deficiency, insomnia, hepatitis
c/is: potential allergy to spores