Bordeaux Flashcards
What are the two major areas of Medoc
- Bas - Medoc ( Lower)
- Haut-Medoc (Upper)
Wines labeled “Appellation Mèdoc Controlèe were made from what part of Mèdoc?
Châteaux in Bas-Mèdoc
What is the dominant grape of Mèdoc
Cabernet Sauvignon
How are high quality wines from Haut Medoc labeled?
Appellation Haut-Medoc Contrôlèe
Note:
Are often high quality wines
What are the communes of Haut - Medoc?
From north to south
- St. Estèphe
- Pauillac
- St. Julien
- Listrac
- Moulis
- Margaux
What is the main soil type of Medoc?
Mainly gravelly with some deposits of limestone and clay
What is the most grown grape in Bordeax?
Merlot
What are the red grape varietals of Bordeaux?
- Merlot
-Cabernet Sauvignon
-Cabernet Franc - Petit Verdot
- Malbec
What is the main white grape varitials in Bordeaux?
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Semillion
- Muscadelle
Refer the newest grapes that have introduced by INAO and why
Red
Arinarnoa
Castets
Marselan
Touriga Nacional
White
Alvarinho
Petit Manseng
Liliorila
*suitable for their ability to handle water stress
*later ripening.
What commune in Bordeaux is known to being the most important appellation in all of Bordeaux
Paulliac
What are the five 1st Growth Classification Wines of 1855?
- Chateau Latour
- Château Lafite - Rothchild
- Château Mouton - Rothschild
- Château Margeux
-Château Haut - Brion
State the regulation for the new grapes from INAO
- limited to just 5% of an estate’s total surface area.
- no more than 10% of the blend in either red or white wines.
-only for Bordeaux AOP and Bordeuax Superieur AOP
What is the smallest commune in Haut Medoc?
St. Julien
What are boulbenes?
The mixture of sand, gravel, and light clay soil. This takes place in Graves
What are the 3 major bodies of water in Bordeaux
-Gironde
- Dordogne
- Garonne
What area in the Left Bank is known for its sweet white wines?
Sauternes,Barsac,Cerons
What is the fungus that is very popular on grapes in Sauternes and Barsac that helps produces sweet white wines?
Botrytis Cinerea
What grape gets Botrytis Cinerea the most in Bordeaux and why?
Semillion and because it’s a thin skinned grape that contains a lot of sugar
What causes Noble Rot?
1) Soil : comabination of clay, gravel and sand over a bed of deep limestone
2) Climate : The location attracts morning mists which are cause by the humidity generated by the cold watres of Ciron and the nearby pine forests. In the warm afternoon, the mists are blown away by the dry winds generated by the warmer Garonne, which dry the grapes off and prevent grey rot developing. Gentle rain can help too.
What is the white wine that is made in Pessac - Lèognan?
Sauvignon Blanc
What is the soil type in the right bank?
Clayish with lismestone
What is the main grapes of the right bank?
Merlot - the main grape
Cabernet Franc - is also a leading grape
What appellations in the right bank make white wines and refer the grapes
Côte de Blaye and Côte de Bourg
Colombard, Ugni Blanc
Blanc label of chateau Mouton Rothschild
Mouton Rothschild Aile d’Argent
Other red wines of the right bank?
Canon - Fronsac
Fronsac
Lalande - de - Pomperol
What is the smallest commune of all the quality communes in Right Bank?
Pomerol
What is the major grape grown in Pomerol?
Merlot
What is the top château in Pomerol?
Château Pètrus
What is the main grape of Saint Èmilion?
Merlot
True or False
Saint Èmilion was apart of the 1855 Classification?
False - due to being left out Saint Èmilion created its own appellation, Appellation Saint Èmilion Grand Cru Contrôlèe”
What are the top producers in Saint Emilion?
Château Cheval Blanc
Chateau Pavi
Chateau Angelus
Château Ausone
Chateau Figeac
What does Entre - Deux - Mers mean?
Between the Seas
What type wines are exclusively sold in Entre - Deux - Mers?
Dry white wines
What is the dominant grape in Entre De Mers?
Sauvignon Blanc
True or False
Sauternes are made every year?
False - Sauternes are made only during the best vintage years. During bad vintages the wines are sold off to other producers
Name an important Château in Sauternes?
Château d’YQuem
What bank is Sauternes located?
Left Bank
Refer the soils of Pomerol
Sandy/gravel and clay to the east
Sand with crasse de fer ironstone to the west
What are the main areas set off of the Dordogne River
Saint Emilion
Pomerol
Fronsac
Surrounding Appellations
What appellations set on the right bank of the Gironde River
Blaye
Bourg
What is the vast stretch of land between the Garonne River and Dordogne River
Entre - Deux - Mers
What is the climate of Bordeaux
Maritime
What area in France receives the most rainfall
Medoc
- Annual rainfall is 950mm
What are usually the driest months of Bordeaux
July and August
What parallel runs just north of Bordeaux
45th parallel
Why is the Atlantic Gulf Stream Current important to Bordeaux
It brings warm water up from the Caribbean, keeping the climate mild
What is Bordeaux most planted white grape
Semillon
What is the synonym for Cabernet Franc on the right bank
Bouchet
What is the original name of Malbec
Pressac Noir
What are the synonyms for Malbec and the location of these names
Côt - west France
Pressac - Bordeaux right bank around Lisbourne
What grape is the only grape that uses the spur training method
Sémillon
2nd and 3rd label of Chateau Mouton Rothschild
Le Petit Mouton de Mouton Rothschild
Baron Nathaniel
How many châteaux were chosen in the classification of 1855 and how many categories was it
57
- 5 categories called Grand Cru Classé
How many Sauternes were chosen for their classification and how were they divided
21
- 3 categories
- second Crus
- premier Crus
- Premier Cru Supérior
What were the original 4 châteaux chosen for the classification of 1855
Latour
Lafite
Margeaux
Haute - Brion
What château received the Premier Cru Supérieur
Château d’Yquem
What date was the classification of 1855 official
April 18, 1855
When was château Mouton Rothschild upgraded to a first growth
1973
What is most common vine training system in Bordeaux and why
Vertical in the Guyot system
- produces larger berries
What is the common style of guyot system used in the left bank
Double
What is the most common guyot training system used in the right bank
Simple
What type of training system is used for Sauternes and why
Cordon Training
- produces slightly smaller berries that attract botrytis
What disease is common with using the guyot cane training
Grey Rot
What is the common spacing in Médoc
1 x 1 meters
What is the common spacing in Saint Émilion and Pomerol
1.3 - 1.5 meters
What is the vine per hectors requirement for the left bank
7,000 Vines per hectare
What is the vine per Hectare in Saint Emilion and Pomerol
5,500 Vines per Hectare
What is the common spacing of Vines in Entre Deux Mers
Up to 2.5 meters
Is chaptalization allowed in Bordeaux
Yes
What type of barrel is used to age. Bordeaux red wines
New french oak barriques
What is the barrique size in Bordeaux
225 liters
What is cliquage
A controversial form on micro oxygenation when small doses of oxygen are applied to the finished wine in barrel
When does bottling typically occurs in Bordeaux
April
Where are the best vineyards and châteaux located in Médoc
Haut Medoc
What physical feature in Médoc shields the region’s vineyards from Atlantic weather and winds
Landes Forest
Second label of chateau Lafite Rothschild
Carruades de Lafite
Where are wines labeled Medoc AOP located
Bas Medoc
How many classified estates does Saint Estèphe have
5
Second Growths
Château Cos d’Estournel
Château Montrose
Third Growths
Château Calon-Ségur
Fourth Growths
Château Lafon-Rochet
Fifth Growths
Château Cos Labory
What château marks the northern boundary of Paulliac
Château Lafite Rothschild
What château makes up the southern boundary of Paulliac
Château Latour
What is the second label of Château Léoville Las Cases
Le Petis Lion du Marquis de Las Cases
Le Petite Marquis
Clos du Marquis
What is the second label for Château Léoville Poyferré
Pavillon de Leoville Poyferre
Chateau Moulin Riche(2002-2003)
Refer the second growths of Pauillac and their second labels
Chateau Pichon Longueville (Baron)
-Les Tourelles de Pichons
-Les Griffons de Pichon Baron (also second label since 2012)
Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande
-Pichon Comtesse Reserve
-Les Gartieux de PIchon Lalande
State the second growths of St Estepshe and their second labels
Chateau Montrose
-Le Dame de Montrose
-Tierto de Montrose ( only in selected vintages)
Chateau Cos d’Estournel
-Les Bagodes de Cos
What is the smallest Commune in Médoc
Saint Julien
What Commune has the most châteaux in the 1855 Classification
Margaux with 21
What is the second label of Chateau Haut Brion and the white label
Le Clarence de Haut Brion
Le Clarte de Haut Brion
How many communes make up Margaux
5
Soussans
Margaux
Cantenac
Labarde
Arsac
What are the second growths of Margaux
Chateau Rauzen Segla
Chateau Rauzen Gassies
Chateau Chateau Durfort Vivens
Chateau Lascombes
Chateau Brane Canteanc
What is the white wine that château Margaux makes and what classification does it fall under
Pavilion Blanc du Château Margaux
- Bordeaux AOC
What classification does Château Palmer fall under
3rd growth Classification
Refer the third growths of St julien and their second labels
Chateau Lagrange
-Les Fies de Lagrands
Blanc: Le Arum de Lagrange
Chateau Langoa Barton
-Chateau Lady Langoa
What are the 2 Grand Cru Classé A for Saint Emilion Classification
Château Figeac
Château Pavie
When did the Saint Emilion Classification become into existence and was completed
1955
1958
This appellation was granted in 1938 and is located on the western edge of the Grand Poujeaux croupe with Saint Julien
Moulis
Are there any classified wines in Moulis AOP
No
Moulis AOP two leading Châteaux
Château Chasse - Spleen
Château Poujeaux
What was the last commune to achieve AOC status in the left bank and in which year
Listrac - 1957
How many classifications does Medoc have and what are they
1855 Classification
Cru Bourgeois
Cru Artisan
when Cru Artisan classification was re-established and how mnay chateaux consist
2005
36
How many tiers are there to the Cru Bourgeois Classification and what are they
Cru Bourgeois
Cru Bourgeois Supérieur
Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel
What physical feature separates Graves from the Atlantic Ocean
The Landes Forest
What is the main soil of Graves
Gravel with some sand and marine deposits rich in carbonates
What is the main soil type of Northern Graves
Gravel croupes
What is the main soil type of Southern Graves
Sand and limestone
What are the two regional AOPs of Graves
Graves AOP
Graves Supérieur AOP
What type of wines are made in Graves Supérior AOP
Sweet Whites Only
When did the Graves Classification come into existence
In 1953 at the request of INAO
Ratified in 1958 and modified in 1959
What type of wines can be apart of the Graves Classification
Reds and Whites
What is the top category for the Graves Classification
Cru Classé
How many châteaux were added to the Graves Classification of 1959
16
- 7 received Cru Classé status
- 3 for white
- 6 for both red and white
What château split in 1968 into two changing the total number of Châteaux apart of the Graves Classification from 15 to 16
Château Couhins
When was Pessac Léognan AOC founded
1987
These are the 10 communes of what AOC:
Mérignac
Talence
Pessac
Gradignan
Villenave-d’Ornon
Cadaujac
Léognan
Martillac
Canéjan
Saint-Médard-d’Eyrans
Pessac - Léognan AOC
What are the main grapes of Pessac - Léognan
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
What is the only first growth of of Pessac Léognan
Château Haut Brion
What is the main grape of Château Haut Brion
Merlot but most of their wines are Cabernet Sauvignon base blends
What is noble Rot called in France
Pourriture Rot
Barsac
Preignac
Bommes
Fargues
Sauternes
These are the 5 communes for what AOC
Sauternes
What are the main two rivers of Sauternes AOC
Ciron River
Garonne River
Is new oak used for the sweet wines of Sauternes
Yes, new French Oak Barriques
Is chaptalization allowed in Sauternes AOC
Yes
What is the largest Commune of production in Sauternes
Barsac
Cérons
Podensac
Illats
These are the 3 communes of what French AOC
Cérons AOC
What type of wines are made in Cérons AOP
Sweet whites
Red wines
Dry white wines
If a wine is a dry white or red wine from Cérons AOC how would it be labeled
Graves AOC
When was the Cérons AOC created
1936
How many AOPs make up the right bank
10
Fronsac
Canon - Fronsac
Lalande - de - Pomerol
Pomerol
St - Emilion
Castillon Côtes de Bordeaux
Montagne - St Émilion
Puisseguin - St Émilion
St - Georges - St - Émilion
3rd label of Chateau Latour
Le Pauilliac de Latour
Where did Château Ausone get its name from
The poet Ausonius who lived in Saint Émilion
Liborne
Saint Christophe des Bardes
Saint Émilion
Saint Étienne de Lisse
Saint Hippolyte
Saint Laurent - des - Combes
Saint - Pey - d’Armens
Saint Sulpice - de - Faleyrens
Vignonet
These are the nine communes for what AOP
Saint Émilion AOP
Where are the historic growing areas of Saint Émilion AOP
On the slopes (Côtes) of limestone plateau near the commune of Saint Émilion
What is the difference between Saint Émilion AOP and Saint Émilion Grand Cru AOP
Saint Émilion Grand Cru AOP must be Estate bottled unlike Saint Émilion AOP which can be blended and bottles by a négociant
- Saint Émilion Grand Cru AOP requires lower maximum yields and longer élevage
- Saint Émilion Grand Cru estates are usually located on limestone Côtes and Saint Émilion AOP is located in the river plain
Château Beauséjour (Duffau-Lagarrosse)
Château Beau-Séjour Bécot
Château Bélair-Monange
Château Canon
Château Canon-la-Gaffelière
Château Figeac
Clos Fourtet
Château La Gaffelière
Château Larcis Ducasse
La Mondotte
Château Pavie-Macquin
Château Troplong Mondot
Château Trotte Vieille
Château Valandraud
These are the 14 estates for what classification
Saint Émilion Classification - Premier Classé B
What are the key physical features of Pomerol
Barbanne River
Isle River
The city of Libourne
What is the only château in Bordeaux wine to be classified twice
Château Haut Brion
1855 Classification
Graves Classification of 1959
All of the Graves Classification wines are located where in Bordeaux
Pessac - Léognan
How many times does the harvest take place in Chateau D’Yquem?
eight or nine times
typically in September and sometimes continuing until November
State the difference between Sauternes and Barsac concerning the quality of the wines
Sauternes village is slightly hillier, which increases the effectes of the mists leads to more richly botrytized wines.
Barsac’s flatter san and limestone soils create finer, fresher and elegantly flavoured wines.
State the differnce between Sauternes and Cerons
The heavier clay content in the soils in Cerons means more consistent temperatures and thus less change of the moring mists plus flatter landscape.
What is the “crass de fer”
It is a kind of very firm and stony blend of earth and metal with high content of iron oxide, which gives the wines a very characteristic flavour of something fat and metal, which many associate with truffle.
Refer the three styles of soils in St Emillon
1) Limestone PLateau :Rich calcareous clay soil on hard limestone bedrock
2) The slopes:
A) Higher slopes: Rich calcareous clay soil on soft limestone bedrock
B) Lower slopes : Well drained sandy soils
3)Flats : Gravel
Famous Pomerol Chateaux
Chateau Petrus
Chateau Le Pin
Chateau Lafleur Petrus
Chateau Lafleur
Vieux Chateau Certan
Chateau Certan
Chateau Certan de May
Chateau Conseillante
Chateau L’Eglise Clinet
Chateau Latour a Pomerol
Chateau L’Evangile
Chateau Trotanoy
Famous Chateaux of lalande de Pomerol (1954)
• Chateau La Fleur de Bouard (Le Plus)
• Chateau de Chambrun (Le Bourg)
• Chateau L’Eglise Clinet
• Chateau Les Cruzelles
• Chateau Siaurac
• Chateau La Graviere
Refer the 2 Aops of Haut Benauge
1) Bordeaux Haut Benauge ( botrytized and moelleux wines)
2) Entre Deux Mers Haut Benauge (dry white wines from Semillon, Sauv.Blanc,Muscadelle)
Famous Chateau of Cotes de Bourg
Roc de Cambes
What are the are the four inland parcels for Le Forts de latour
L’Enclos
Pinada
Petit Batailley
St Anna
Bordeaux left bank classic vintages
2000,2003,2005,2009,2010,2015,2016,
2018
Sauternes classic vintages
2001,2003,2005,2009,
2010,2011,2013,2014,2015
What are the major frosts of Bordeaux
1956,1991,2017
When cru Bourgeois classification was established and updated. Refer the number of the chateaux after the update
1932,2003
247
When cru Bourgeois classification was reverted. State the after number of the chateaux
2007
444
When cru Bourgeois classification was finally returned
2018
Third growth of St Estephe
Chateau Calon Segur
third growths of Margaux
Chateau Kirwan
Chateau d’Issan
Chateau Giscours
Chateau Malescot St-Exupery
Chateau Boy-Cantenac
Chateau Cantena-Brown
Chateau Palmer
Chateau Desmirail
Chateau Ferriere
Chateau Marquis d’Alesme Becker
Haut Medoc Third growth
Chateau La Lagune
St Estephe fourth Growth
Chateau Lafon-Rochet
Paulliac fourth growth
Chateau Duart Milon Rothschild
St Julien fourth Growth
Saint-Pierre
Talbot
Braniere-Ducru
Beychevelle
St Julien fourth Growth
Chateau Saint-Pierre
Chateau Talbot
Chateau Braniere-Ducru
Chateau Beychevelle
Margaux fourth Growth
Chateau Pouget
Chateau Prieure-Lichine
Chateau Marquis de Terme
Haut Medoc fourth growth
Chateau La Tour carnet
St estphe fifth growth
Chateau Cos Labory
Margaux fifth growth
Chateau Dauzac
Chateau DuTetre
Haut Medoc Fifth Growth
Chateau Belgrave
Chateau de Camensac
Chateau Cantemerle