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Certified exams 2022 > Bordeaux > Flashcards

Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major areas of Medoc

A
  • Bas - Medoc ( Lower)
  • Haut-Medoc (Upper)
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2
Q

Wines labeled “Appellation Mèdoc Controlèe were made from what part of Mèdoc?

A

Châteaux in Bas-Mèdoc

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3
Q

What is the dominant grape of Mèdoc

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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4
Q

How are high quality wines from Haut Medoc labeled?

A

Appellation Haut-Medoc Contrôlèe

Note:
Are often high quality wines

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5
Q

What are the communes of Haut - Medoc?

A

From north to south

  • St. Estèphe
  • Pauillac
  • St. Julien
  • Listrac
  • Moulis
  • Margaux
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6
Q

What is the main soil type of Medoc?

A

Mainly gravelly with some deposits of limestone and clay

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7
Q

What is the most grown grape in Bordeax?

A

Merlot

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8
Q

What are the red grape varietals of Bordeaux?

A
  • Merlot
    -Cabernet Sauvignon
    -Cabernet Franc
  • Petit Verdot
  • Malbec
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9
Q

What is the main white grape varitials in Bordeaux?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Semillion
  • Muscadelle
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10
Q

Refer the newest grapes that have introduced by INAO and why

A

Red
Arinarnoa
Castets
Marselan
Touriga Nacional

White
Alvarinho
Petit Manseng
Liliorila

*suitable for their ability to handle water stress
*later ripening.

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11
Q

What commune in Bordeaux is known to being the most important appellation in all of Bordeaux

A

Paulliac

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12
Q

What are the five 1st Growth Classification Wines of 1855?

A
  • Chateau Latour
  • Château Lafite - Rothchild
  • Château Mouton - Rothschild
  • Château Margeux
    -Château Haut - Brion
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13
Q

State the regulation for the new grapes from INAO

A
  • limited to just 5% of an estate’s total surface area.
  • no more than 10% of the blend in either red or white wines.

-only for Bordeaux AOP and Bordeuax Superieur AOP

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14
Q

What is the smallest commune in Haut Medoc?

A

St. Julien

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15
Q

What are boulbenes?

A

The mixture of sand, gravel, and light clay soil. This takes place in Graves

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16
Q

What are the 3 major bodies of water in Bordeaux

A

-Gironde

  • Dordogne
  • Garonne
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17
Q

What area in the Left Bank is known for its sweet white wines?

A

Sauternes,Barsac,Cerons

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18
Q

What is the fungus that is very popular on grapes in Sauternes and Barsac that helps produces sweet white wines?

A

Botrytis Cinerea

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19
Q

What grape gets Botrytis Cinerea the most in Bordeaux and why?

A

Semillion and because it’s a thin skinned grape that contains a lot of sugar

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20
Q

What causes Noble Rot?

A

1) Soil : comabination of clay, gravel and sand over a bed of deep limestone

2) Climate : The location attracts morning mists which are cause by the humidity generated by the cold watres of Ciron and the nearby pine forests. In the warm afternoon, the mists are blown away by the dry winds generated by the warmer Garonne, which dry the grapes off and prevent grey rot developing. Gentle rain can help too.

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21
Q

What is the white wine that is made in Pessac - Lèognan?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

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22
Q

What is the soil type in the right bank?

A

Clayish with lismestone

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23
Q

What is the main grapes of the right bank?

A

Merlot - the main grape

Cabernet Franc - is also a leading grape

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24
Q

What appellations in the right bank make white wines and refer the grapes

A

Côte de Blaye and Côte de Bourg

Colombard, Ugni Blanc

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25
Q

Blanc label of chateau Mouton Rothschild

A

Mouton Rothschild Aile d’Argent

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26
Q

Other red wines of the right bank?

A

Canon - Fronsac

Fronsac

Lalande - de - Pomperol

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27
Q

What is the smallest commune of all the quality communes in Right Bank?

A

Pomerol

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28
Q

What is the major grape grown in Pomerol?

A

Merlot

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29
Q

What is the top château in Pomerol?

A

Château Pètrus

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30
Q

What is the main grape of Saint Èmilion?

A

Merlot

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31
Q

True or False

Saint Èmilion was apart of the 1855 Classification?

A

False - due to being left out Saint Èmilion created its own appellation, Appellation Saint Èmilion Grand Cru Contrôlèe”

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32
Q

What are the top producers in Saint Emilion?

A

Château Cheval Blanc

Chateau Pavi

Chateau Angelus

Château Ausone

Chateau Figeac

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33
Q

What does Entre - Deux - Mers mean?

A

Between the Seas

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34
Q

What type wines are exclusively sold in Entre - Deux - Mers?

A

Dry white wines

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35
Q

What is the dominant grape in Entre De Mers?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

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36
Q

True or False
Sauternes are made every year?

A

False - Sauternes are made only during the best vintage years. During bad vintages the wines are sold off to other producers

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37
Q

Name an important Château in Sauternes?

A

Château d’YQuem

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38
Q

What bank is Sauternes located?

A

Left Bank

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39
Q

Refer the soils of Pomerol

A

Sandy/gravel and clay to the east
Sand with crasse de fer ironstone to the west

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40
Q

What are the main areas set off of the Dordogne River

A

Saint Emilion

Pomerol

Fronsac

Surrounding Appellations

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41
Q

What appellations set on the right bank of the Gironde River

A

Blaye

Bourg

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42
Q

What is the vast stretch of land between the Garonne River and Dordogne River

A

Entre - Deux - Mers

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43
Q

What is the climate of Bordeaux

A

Maritime

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44
Q

What area in France receives the most rainfall

A

Medoc

  • Annual rainfall is 950mm
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45
Q

What are usually the driest months of Bordeaux

A

July and August

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46
Q

What parallel runs just north of Bordeaux

A

45th parallel

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47
Q

Why is the Atlantic Gulf Stream Current important to Bordeaux

A

It brings warm water up from the Caribbean, keeping the climate mild

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48
Q

What is Bordeaux most planted white grape

A

Semillon

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49
Q

What is the synonym for Cabernet Franc on the right bank

A

Bouchet

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50
Q

What is the original name of Malbec

A

Pressac Noir

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51
Q

What are the synonyms for Malbec and the location of these names

A

Côt - west France

Pressac - Bordeaux right bank around Lisbourne

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52
Q

What grape is the only grape that uses the spur training method

A

Sémillon

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53
Q

2nd and 3rd label of Chateau Mouton Rothschild

A

Le Petit Mouton de Mouton Rothschild

Baron Nathaniel

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54
Q

How many châteaux were chosen in the classification of 1855 and how many categories was it

A

57

  • 5 categories called Grand Cru Classé
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55
Q

How many Sauternes were chosen for their classification and how were they divided

A

21

  • 3 categories
    • second Crus
    • premier Crus
    • Premier Cru Supérior
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56
Q

What were the original 4 châteaux chosen for the classification of 1855

A

Latour

Lafite

Margeaux

Haute - Brion

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57
Q

What château received the Premier Cru Supérieur

A

Château d’Yquem

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58
Q

What date was the classification of 1855 official

A

April 18, 1855

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59
Q

When was château Mouton Rothschild upgraded to a first growth

A

1973

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60
Q

What is most common vine training system in Bordeaux and why

A

Vertical in the Guyot system

  • produces larger berries
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61
Q

What is the common style of guyot system used in the left bank

A

Double

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62
Q

What is the most common guyot training system used in the right bank

A

Simple

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63
Q

What type of training system is used for Sauternes and why

A

Cordon Training

  • produces slightly smaller berries that attract botrytis
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64
Q

What disease is common with using the guyot cane training

A

Grey Rot

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65
Q

What is the common spacing in Médoc

A

1 x 1 meters

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66
Q

What is the common spacing in Saint Émilion and Pomerol

A

1.3 - 1.5 meters

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67
Q

What is the vine per hectors requirement for the left bank

A

7,000 Vines per hectare

68
Q

What is the vine per Hectare in Saint Emilion and Pomerol

A

5,500 Vines per Hectare

69
Q

What is the common spacing of Vines in Entre Deux Mers

A

Up to 2.5 meters

70
Q

Is chaptalization allowed in Bordeaux

A

Yes

71
Q

What type of barrel is used to age. Bordeaux red wines

A

New french oak barriques

72
Q

What is the barrique size in Bordeaux

A

225 liters

73
Q

What is cliquage

A

A controversial form on micro oxygenation when small doses of oxygen are applied to the finished wine in barrel

74
Q

When does bottling typically occurs in Bordeaux

A

April

75
Q

Where are the best vineyards and châteaux located in Médoc

A

Haut Medoc

76
Q

What physical feature in Médoc shields the region’s vineyards from Atlantic weather and winds

A

Landes Forest

77
Q

Second label of chateau Lafite Rothschild

A

Carruades de Lafite

78
Q

Where are wines labeled Medoc AOP located

A

Bas Medoc

79
Q

How many classified estates does Saint Estèphe have

A

5

Second Growths
Château Cos d’Estournel
Château Montrose

Third Growths
Château Calon-Ségur

Fourth Growths
Château Lafon-Rochet

Fifth Growths
Château Cos Labory

80
Q

What château marks the northern boundary of Paulliac

A

Château Lafite Rothschild

81
Q

What château makes up the southern boundary of Paulliac

A

Château Latour

82
Q

What is the second label of Château Léoville Las Cases

A

Le Petis Lion du Marquis de Las Cases

Le Petite Marquis

Clos du Marquis

83
Q

What is the second label for Château Léoville Poyferré

A

Pavillon de Leoville Poyferre

Chateau Moulin Riche(2002-2003)

84
Q

Refer the second growths of Pauillac and their second labels

A

Chateau Pichon Longueville (Baron)
-Les Tourelles de Pichons
-Les Griffons de Pichon Baron (also second label since 2012)

Chateau Pichon Longueville Comtesse de Lalande
-Pichon Comtesse Reserve
-Les Gartieux de PIchon Lalande

85
Q

State the second growths of St Estepshe and their second labels

A

Chateau Montrose
-Le Dame de Montrose
-Tierto de Montrose ( only in selected vintages)

Chateau Cos d’Estournel
-Les Bagodes de Cos

86
Q

What is the smallest Commune in Médoc

A

Saint Julien

87
Q

What Commune has the most châteaux in the 1855 Classification

A

Margaux with 21

88
Q

What is the second label of Chateau Haut Brion and the white label

A

Le Clarence de Haut Brion

Le Clarte de Haut Brion

89
Q

How many communes make up Margaux

A

5
Soussans
Margaux
Cantenac
Labarde
Arsac

90
Q

What are the second growths of Margaux

A

Chateau Rauzen Segla
Chateau Rauzen Gassies
Chateau Chateau Durfort Vivens
Chateau Lascombes
Chateau Brane Canteanc

91
Q

What is the white wine that château Margaux makes and what classification does it fall under

A

Pavilion Blanc du Château Margaux

  • Bordeaux AOC
92
Q

What classification does Château Palmer fall under

A

3rd growth Classification

93
Q

Refer the third growths of St julien and their second labels

A

Chateau Lagrange
-Les Fies de Lagrands
Blanc: Le Arum de Lagrange

Chateau Langoa Barton
-Chateau Lady Langoa

94
Q

What are the 2 Grand Cru Classé A for Saint Emilion Classification

A

Château Figeac

Château Pavie

95
Q

When did the Saint Emilion Classification become into existence and was completed

A

1955
1958

96
Q

This appellation was granted in 1938 and is located on the western edge of the Grand Poujeaux croupe with Saint Julien

A

Moulis

97
Q

Are there any classified wines in Moulis AOP

A

No

98
Q

Moulis AOP two leading Châteaux

A

Château Chasse - Spleen

Château Poujeaux

99
Q

What was the last commune to achieve AOC status in the left bank and in which year

A

Listrac - 1957

100
Q

How many classifications does Medoc have and what are they

A

1855 Classification

Cru Bourgeois

Cru Artisan

101
Q

when Cru Artisan classification was re-established and how mnay chateaux consist

A

2005

36

102
Q

How many tiers are there to the Cru Bourgeois Classification and what are they

A

Cru Bourgeois

Cru Bourgeois Supérieur

Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel

103
Q

What physical feature separates Graves from the Atlantic Ocean

A

The Landes Forest

104
Q

What is the main soil of Graves

A

Gravel with some sand and marine deposits rich in carbonates

105
Q

What is the main soil type of Northern Graves

A

Gravel croupes

106
Q

What is the main soil type of Southern Graves

A

Sand and limestone

107
Q

What are the two regional AOPs of Graves

A

Graves AOP

Graves Supérieur AOP

108
Q

What type of wines are made in Graves Supérior AOP

A

Sweet Whites Only

109
Q

When did the Graves Classification come into existence

A

In 1953 at the request of INAO
Ratified in 1958 and modified in 1959

110
Q

What type of wines can be apart of the Graves Classification

A

Reds and Whites

111
Q

What is the top category for the Graves Classification

A

Cru Classé

112
Q

How many châteaux were added to the Graves Classification of 1959

A

16

  • 7 received Cru Classé status
  • 3 for white
  • 6 for both red and white
113
Q

What château split in 1968 into two changing the total number of Châteaux apart of the Graves Classification from 15 to 16

A

Château Couhins

114
Q

When was Pessac Léognan AOC founded

A

1987

115
Q

These are the 10 communes of what AOC:
Mérignac

Talence

Pessac

Gradignan

Villenave-d’Ornon

Cadaujac

Léognan

Martillac

Canéjan

Saint-Médard-d’Eyrans

A

Pessac - Léognan AOC

116
Q

What are the main grapes of Pessac - Léognan

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

Merlot

117
Q

What is the only first growth of of Pessac Léognan

A

Château Haut Brion

118
Q

What is the main grape of Château Haut Brion

A

Merlot but most of their wines are Cabernet Sauvignon base blends

119
Q

What is noble Rot called in France

A

Pourriture Rot

120
Q

Barsac

Preignac

Bommes

Fargues

Sauternes

These are the 5 communes for what AOC

A

Sauternes

121
Q

What are the main two rivers of Sauternes AOC

A

Ciron River

Garonne River

122
Q

Is new oak used for the sweet wines of Sauternes

A

Yes, new French Oak Barriques

123
Q

Is chaptalization allowed in Sauternes AOC

A

Yes

124
Q

What is the largest Commune of production in Sauternes

A

Barsac

125
Q

Cérons

Podensac

Illats

These are the 3 communes of what French AOC

A

Cérons AOC

126
Q

What type of wines are made in Cérons AOP

A

Sweet whites

Red wines

Dry white wines

127
Q

If a wine is a dry white or red wine from Cérons AOC how would it be labeled

A

Graves AOC

128
Q

When was the Cérons AOC created

A

1936

129
Q

How many AOPs make up the right bank

A

10

Fronsac

Canon - Fronsac

Lalande - de - Pomerol

Pomerol

St - Emilion

Castillon Côtes de Bordeaux

Montagne - St Émilion

Puisseguin - St Émilion

St - Georges - St - Émilion

130
Q

3rd label of Chateau Latour

A

Le Pauilliac de Latour

131
Q

Where did Château Ausone get its name from

A

The poet Ausonius who lived in Saint Émilion

132
Q

Liborne

Saint Christophe des Bardes

Saint Émilion

Saint Étienne de Lisse

Saint Hippolyte

Saint Laurent - des - Combes

Saint - Pey - d’Armens

Saint Sulpice - de - Faleyrens

Vignonet

These are the nine communes for what AOP

A

Saint Émilion AOP

133
Q

Where are the historic growing areas of Saint Émilion AOP

A

On the slopes (Côtes) of limestone plateau near the commune of Saint Émilion

134
Q

What is the difference between Saint Émilion AOP and Saint Émilion Grand Cru AOP

A

Saint Émilion Grand Cru AOP must be Estate bottled unlike Saint Émilion AOP which can be blended and bottles by a négociant

  • Saint Émilion Grand Cru AOP requires lower maximum yields and longer élevage
  • Saint Émilion Grand Cru estates are usually located on limestone Côtes and Saint Émilion AOP is located in the river plain
135
Q

Château Beauséjour (Duffau-Lagarrosse)
Château Beau-Séjour Bécot
Château Bélair-Monange
Château Canon
Château Canon-la-Gaffelière
Château Figeac
Clos Fourtet
Château La Gaffelière
Château Larcis Ducasse
La Mondotte
Château Pavie-Macquin
Château Troplong Mondot
Château Trotte Vieille
Château Valandraud

These are the 14 estates for what classification

A

Saint Émilion Classification - Premier Classé B

136
Q

What are the key physical features of Pomerol

A

Barbanne River

Isle River

The city of Libourne

137
Q

What is the only château in Bordeaux wine to be classified twice

A

Château Haut Brion

1855 Classification

Graves Classification of 1959

138
Q

All of the Graves Classification wines are located where in Bordeaux

A

Pessac - Léognan

139
Q

How many times does the harvest take place in Chateau D’Yquem?

A

eight or nine times
typically in September and sometimes continuing until November

140
Q

State the difference between Sauternes and Barsac concerning the quality of the wines

A

Sauternes village is slightly hillier, which increases the effectes of the mists leads to more richly botrytized wines.
Barsac’s flatter san and limestone soils create finer, fresher and elegantly flavoured wines.

141
Q

State the differnce between Sauternes and Cerons

A

The heavier clay content in the soils in Cerons means more consistent temperatures and thus less change of the moring mists plus flatter landscape.

142
Q

What is the “crass de fer”

A

It is a kind of very firm and stony blend of earth and metal with high content of iron oxide, which gives the wines a very characteristic flavour of something fat and metal, which many associate with truffle.

143
Q

Refer the three styles of soils in St Emillon

A

1) Limestone PLateau :Rich calcareous clay soil on hard limestone bedrock
2) The slopes:
A) Higher slopes: Rich calcareous clay soil on soft limestone bedrock
B) Lower slopes : Well drained sandy soils
3)Flats : Gravel

144
Q

Famous Pomerol Chateaux

A

 Chateau Petrus
 Chateau Le Pin
 Chateau Lafleur Petrus
 Chateau Lafleur
 Vieux Chateau Certan
 Chateau Certan
 Chateau Certan de May
 Chateau Conseillante
 Chateau L’Eglise Clinet
 Chateau Latour a Pomerol
 Chateau L’Evangile
 Chateau Trotanoy

145
Q

Famous Chateaux of lalande de Pomerol (1954)

A

• Chateau La Fleur de Bouard (Le Plus)
• Chateau de Chambrun (Le Bourg)
• Chateau L’Eglise Clinet
• Chateau Les Cruzelles
• Chateau Siaurac
• Chateau La Graviere

146
Q

Refer the 2 Aops of Haut Benauge

A

1) Bordeaux Haut Benauge ( botrytized and moelleux wines)
2) Entre Deux Mers Haut Benauge (dry white wines from Semillon, Sauv.Blanc,Muscadelle)

147
Q

Famous Chateau of Cotes de Bourg

A

Roc de Cambes

148
Q

What are the are the four inland parcels for Le Forts de latour

A

L’Enclos
Pinada
Petit Batailley
St Anna

149
Q

Bordeaux left bank classic vintages

A

2000,2003,2005,2009,2010,2015,2016,
2018

150
Q

Sauternes classic vintages

A

2001,2003,2005,2009,
2010,2011,2013,2014,2015

151
Q

What are the major frosts of Bordeaux

A

1956,1991,2017

152
Q

When cru Bourgeois classification was established and updated. Refer the number of the chateaux after the update

A

1932,2003

247

153
Q

When cru Bourgeois classification was reverted. State the after number of the chateaux

A

2007

444

154
Q

When cru Bourgeois classification was finally returned

A

2018

155
Q

Third growth of St Estephe

A

Chateau Calon Segur

156
Q

third growths of Margaux

A

Chateau Kirwan
Chateau d’Issan
Chateau Giscours
Chateau Malescot St-Exupery
Chateau Boy-Cantenac
Chateau Cantena-Brown
Chateau Palmer
Chateau Desmirail
Chateau Ferriere
Chateau Marquis d’Alesme Becker

157
Q

Haut Medoc Third growth

A

Chateau La Lagune

158
Q

St Estephe fourth Growth

A

Chateau Lafon-Rochet

159
Q

Paulliac fourth growth

A

Chateau Duart Milon Rothschild

160
Q

St Julien fourth Growth

A

Saint-Pierre
Talbot
Braniere-Ducru
Beychevelle

160
Q

St Julien fourth Growth

A

Chateau Saint-Pierre
Chateau Talbot
Chateau Braniere-Ducru
Chateau Beychevelle

161
Q

Margaux fourth Growth

A

Chateau Pouget
Chateau Prieure-Lichine
Chateau Marquis de Terme

162
Q

Haut Medoc fourth growth

A

Chateau La Tour carnet

163
Q

St estphe fifth growth

A

Chateau Cos Labory

164
Q

Margaux fifth growth

A

Chateau Dauzac
Chateau DuTetre

165
Q

Haut Medoc Fifth Growth

A

Chateau Belgrave
Chateau de Camensac
Chateau Cantemerle

Certified exams 2022 (24 decks)

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