Booklet 5 - Closer cooperation with Japan and improved relations with the USA

Question 1

relations with other countries were becoming..

Answer 1

mutually beneficial

Question 2

1972 and Japan

Answer 2

signed a communique
Japan recognised PRC and both promised to oppose SE Asia superpower hegemony

Question 3

1978 and Japan

Answer 3

Treaty of Peace and Friendship
promoted peaceful coexistence

Question 4

bilateral trade with japan

Answer 4

growing 1970s onwards
China exporting raw materials (oil and coal)
Japan exporting technology

Question 5

Change in trade with Japan

Answer 5

1980s
China was exporting manufactured goods now (like textiles)

Question 6

Japan first country to do what?

Answer 6

offer bilateral loans
offered 4 major assistance packages worth $13 billion
to revolutionise steel industry

Question 7

japanese investment example

Answer 7

Baoshan steel complex in Shanghai

Question 8

when were the 3 principles declared and what were they

Answer 8

Premier Zhao 1982
peace+friendship, equality and mutual benefit
(Japan)

Question 9

what did Japan do after Tiananmen

Answer 9

limited economic sanctions
China was grateful

Question 10

Who did Mao see as the biggest threat?

Answer 10

USA - convinced they were planning a nuclear attack despite the “paper tigers” bravado

Question 11

How was Deng different to Mao regarding the USA?

Answer 11

Deng believed that the USA was central to achieving the 4 Modernisations. under Deng, China was equal to the USA.

Question 12

Deng distanced himself from..

Answer 12

Maoism
He called for unity with the US against the USSR

Question 13

USA full diplomatic relations

Answer 13

reached 1979
included the exchange of ambassadors and establishing embassies

Question 14

main sticking point in relations with USA

Answer 14

Taiwan
key pillar in containing communism for USA
in 1972, when Nixon visited the PRC, he sent Ronald Reagan (fiercely anti-communist) to Taiwan.

Question 15

What caused a shift in relations for China globally?

Answer 15

sino soviet split

Question 16

Deng’s visit to the USA - dates

Answer 16

1979 for 9 days
First CCP high-ranking official to visit USA in more than 30 years

Question 17

Deng’s visit to the USA - trade

Answer 17

ensured bilateral trade would be on equal terms and they signed trade contracts.

Question 18

Deng’s visit to the USA - USSR

Answer 18

Deng warned the USA not to trust the USSR

Question 19

Deng’s visit to USA - significance

Answer 19

this gave China a model to follow and an ally to help modernise

Question 20

Jiang Zemin’s visit to the USA - date

Answer 20

1997

Question 21

Jiang Zemin’s visit to the USA - context

Answer 21

tension due to human rights protests (Tibetan independence)
USA suspected PRC of helping rogue nations develop nuclear capability
Taiwan conflict

Question 22

Taiwan conflict late 1990s

Answer 22

Congress granted Li Denghui (Taiwanese president) to speak at Cornell University
caused PLA to fire missiles and mobilise
PLA forced to back down to USA

Question 23

the 1997 visit to USA did something/nothing?

Answer 23

nothing to lessen USA distrust of China

Question 24

Clinton was able to..

Answer 24

overlook human rights record and Jiang was praised for not bowing to US moral condemnation

Question 25

Jiang Zemin’s visit to USA - what did he do whilst there

Answer 25

visited Wall Street Visited the IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) headquarters in New York - technology company

Question 26

what did the USA do in 1989

Answer 26

did impose partial trade and arms embargos

Question 27

after full diplomatic relations with USA, what were they exporting/importing

Answer 27

US exported: steel, raw textile fibres, machinery China exported: fireworks, feathers, cotton fabrics

Question 28

1991 significance - USA

Answer 28

Congress made China ‘Most Favoured Nation’ which exempted China from high tariff rates (stipulated back in 1930)

Question 29

US trade statistic

Answer 29

from 1978-1985 bilateral trade increased from $1 to $7 billion

Question 30

out of China’s exports to the USA..

Answer 30

40% were textiles

Question 31

US early prominent investors

Answer 31

heinz, gilette, kodak

Question 32

by 1985, which company was doing what?

Answer 32

Coca-Cola built bottling plants in major Chinese cities e.g. Beijing, Guangzhou

Question 33

Deng saw the USA as imperative to achieve what?

Answer 33

military equality in 1980, the US loosened restrictions on weapons transfer as USA made ally out of China rather than a threat in the post-Cold War environment