Booklet 2 - Boxers Flashcards
6 causes of Boxer movement
- failure of self-strengthening
- defeat in the Sino-Japanese war
- Chinese inability to oppose scramble in 1890s.
- Growth in nationalism.
- Opposition to Cixi and Qing dynasty.
- Distrust of foreigners.
(100 days of reform)
1898 Guangxu’s reforms.
western education system and university in Beijing, banks opened, army and navy modernisation.
although the Boxers gained Cixi’s support..
the Qing army and local troops largely ignored her calls
what were the Boxers known as in Chinese?
Fists of United Righteousness - nationalistic name
who was ruling during the Boxer rebellion?
Cixi after putting her nephew Guangxu under house arrest in 1898. They both died in 1908 and the Qing dynasty ends in 1911.
Boxers lead up in the 1890s
they killed 30,000 Chinese Christians. By 1900, this was several hundred thousand.
4 main activities of boxers
- Railways burnt
- Churches burnt.
- Telephone poles cut - feng shui.
- Missionaries/converts killed
Biggest infamy of Boxer rebellion
Taiyuan - all the missionaries were murdered after being promised help from governor.
what foreign ministers did the Boxers attack?
Japanese diplomat and German minister (Von Kettler) murdered.
what did the Boxers do in Beijing?
Besieged the foreign legations. the british relief force of 2000 was beaten back.
8 Nation Army
mainly Japanese, Russian and British. Landed at Tianjin and marched 20,000 strong to Beijing.
when was the siege lifted
14th August 1900 after 55 days
who led negotiations for Boxer Protocol 1901
Li Hongzhang
what did the Boxer Protocol demand apologies for
the murder of the Japanese diplomat and German minister
what happened to the leaders of the uprising
were exiled or executed
2 social impacts of Boxer rebellion (Boxer Protocol 1901)
- Chinese no longer allowed to live in the Legation Quarter
- Jinshi (scholar) exams suspended
two main terms of Boxer Protocol
- Foreign troops permanently stationed in Beijing
- 450 million taels in reparations - China’s annual income was 250 million!
why was China kept a unitary state and not divided up between foreigners?
the foreigners agreed it would be better for international trade and allowed them to follow the US’s “open door” policy
how did the Boxers impact Chinese nationalism
increased.
CCP commended them as heroes and the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s took on the Boxers’ anti-foreign hatred
how did the Boxers affect the Qing dynasty
signalled last stand of conservative china and forced them to accept the permanent foreign presence.
Lost Qing respect as they would soon lose the Mandate of Heaven.
how did the Boxers affect Japan?
Japan became a member of the international community as most of the 8 Nation Army was Japanese troops
