Booklet 4 - 1961-8

Question 1

what proved that personality clashes wasn’t the main reason for the Sino-Soviet split?

Answer 1

the 1964 change in leadership to Brezhnev didn’t improve relations. It was the fact that Mao and Khrushchev were defending their ideologies and denouncing each other in the process, not the denouncing solely.

Question 2

3 main incidents which widened SS gap in the early 1960s

Answer 2

1. Albanian alliance 1960
2. Sino-Indian War 1962
3. Cuba and the following Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1962/3

Question 3

what did the Malinovksy affair do to SS relations?

Answer 3

1. called Mao a “fool” - criticised Cult of Personality
2. Mao became certain that the USSR was planning to stage an Anti-Mao coup.

Question 4

What caused the Sino-Albanian alliance in 1960? (2 reasons)

Answer 4

1. 70,000 chinese in Xinjiang emigrating to Russia (China had to intervene to stop).
2. Enva Hoxha’s Communist Party in Albania clashing with Russia over Stalinism. Russia removed financial assistance and China stepped in to replace them.

Question 5

what impact did the Albanian alliance have on SS relations

Answer 5

• short term alliance
• gave China foothold into Eastern Europe - rivalling USSR directly

Question 6

how did the Sino-Indian war come about (2 reasons)

Answer 6

1. C troops in Tibet (border with India) from 1959 over the Tibetan revolts from the GLF famine.
2. India uneasy about Chinese troops on border. C believed USSR would give them full support.

Question 7

USSR remaining neutral in the Sino-Indian War - why?

Answer 7

1. Khrushchev met with Eisenhower in 1959 (peaceful coexistence) and the US didn’t support Tibetan genocide.
2. USSR had good diplomatic relations with India (even supplied them with MiG21 guns)

Question 8

Why did Mao say Khrushchev remained neutral in the Sino-Indian War?

Answer 8

to isolate China and strengthen Russia’s position

Question 9

what treaty was made in 1963 which impacted China indirectly?

Answer 9

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty - between UK, USSR, USA
- said they would slow down production of nuclear weapons
- not give capability to any new nations (China)

Question 10

in what year did China detonate its first atomic weapon?

Answer 10

1964 - one year after the treaty Russia made

Question 11

personality clashes after the Cuban Missile Crisis 1962

Answer 11

• Mao thought Khrushchev was a coward for turning warships around
• Khrushchev thought Mao was insane for advocating nuclear war