Booklet 4 - Dietary related disorders Flashcards
Bowel cancer;
The large bowel is made up from the colon and rectum. Cancer that affects the large bowel is typically called bowel cancer, colon cancer or rectum cancer. The causes are unknown and are usually found in people over the age of 50.
What are the dietary risk factors of Bowel Cancer ?
54% of all bowel cancers could be prevented through a healthier lifestyle.
Eating more 70g of red and processed meat a day increases the risk
Too little fibre
Overweight/ obese
Smoking/alcohol
What is the dietary adivce for bowel cancer ?
Cut down to 40g of red/processed meat per day
Eat at least 18g of fibre per day
Keep physically active
Increase fluid intake- keep hydrated. Fibre and water is a great combination for good bowel health
What is CVD ?
A disease of the heart or blood vessels.
Blood flow can be reduced due to blood clots or build up of fatty deposits inside the arteries
Its estimated that CVD is responsible for around 1 in 3 premature deaths in men and 1 in 5 in women.
Dietary risk factors of CVD are ;
Too much sugar- Increase risk of diabetes
Too much salt( more than 6g per day) - hypertension
Too much alcohol (more than 14 units)
Dietary advice for CVD;
Eat a healthy balanced diet high in fibre (5-a-day)- eat a Mediterranean plate
Limit salt (no more than 6 per day)
Eat unsaturated fats increases good cholesterol
Consume foods that claim to lower cholesterol - (Benecol drinks)
What is Hypertension ?
Persistent high blood pressure
What are the dietary risk factors of Hypertension?
Too much salt (more than 6g per day)
Too little Potassium
Low vitamin D- Affect enzymes produced in the kidneys
Excessive alcohol activates your adrenergic nervous system narrowing blood vessels.
What are dietary advice about Hypertension ?
Eat less salt (no more than 6g)
Eat healthy is key as fruit and veg are rich in Potassium, Magnesium and fibre. ( 5-a-day)
Reduce alcohol intake- (No more than 14 units per week)
Eat dairy foods- good sources of calcium and opt for lower fat options - Semi-skimmed milk
What is Crohn’s Disease
A lifelong condition where parts of the digestive system become inflamed. There is no evidence of a cause.
What are dietary risk factors of Crohn`s disease ?
Ultra-processed foods that contain additives often high in sugar, fat, and salt but low in fibre minerals and essential nutrients.
Foods high in fibre and fat- dairy or fizzy drinks
Immune system problem that causes it to attack the digestive system.
What is some dietary advice for Crohn`s disease ?
Diet high in omega-3 fatty acids and low in omeage-6 fatty acids both found in oily fish and green leafy veg.
Follow eat well guide
Eat small meals or snack every 3-4 hours
No special diet for this disease
What is Scurvy ?
A vitamin C deficiency
Symptoms include Anaemia, exhaustion, pain, swelling ulcers in the gums and sometimes loss of teeth.
Dietary risk factors of Scurvy;
Lack of fresh fruit
Restrictive diet due to allergies
Excessive alcohol or smoking intake- reduced vitamin c from the food you eat.
Late or unsuccessful weaning of infants
Very little food at all- chemo- eating disorder or anorexia.
What are dietary advice for Scurvy ?
Eat foods containing vitamin C- Fresh fruit/veg
Eat liver or oysters as they contain good vitamin C sources. One medium orange contains 70mg of Vita C and a green bell pepper contains 60mg
What is Rickets
Softening and weakening of the bones in children due to extreme prolonged vita D deficiency.
What are dietary risk factors of Rickets ?
Most common in children between 6-36 months old.
Eating a vegetarian diet that don’t include fish, eggs or milk.
Having trouble digesting milk or allergy to milk.
Infants who are only fed breast milk can become deficient in Vita D (breast milk does not contain enough vita D to prevent rickets.)
Dietary advice for Rickets;
Increase exposure to sunlight
Consume foods high in Vita D- fish, liver, milk and eggs
Eat fortified Vita D foods such as infant formula, cereal. bread and orange juice
What is night blindness ?
Trouble seeing in dim or dark settings. This is a symptom of other conditions not a disease on its own.
Dietary risk factors of night blindness;
Vita A deficiency- carrots, fish, dairy and poultry)
Diabetes
Myopia- Near sightedness- (difficulty seeing distant objects)
Glaucoma- (Optic nerve damage due to fluid build up in the eye)
What are dietary advice for Night Blindness ?
Omega-3 fatty acids maintain moisture in the eyes
Vita A protects eye cornea
Vita C,D,E Prevent ageing of the eye
Keep hydrated
Limit screen time
Exercise often
What is Iron Deficiency- Anaemia
Caused by a lack of iron and not having enough healthy RBC or Haemoglobin to carry O2 around the body.
Having Anaemia causes tiredness, weakness and shortness of breath
What are the dietary risk factors of Anaemia ?
Not eating enough Haem iron sources from animals- Meat/liver which are easily absorbed by the body.
Non-haem iron from green leafy veg is not as easily absorbed unless matched with Vita C
Usually developed during pregnancy as diet is low in iron
Introducing cows milk into the babies diet before the age of 12 months as cows milk in low in Iron
Girls more at risk during Menstruation
Boys more at risk during puberty and periods of rapid
growth
Chemicals found naturally in food in fibre foods with how iron is absorbed.
What is dietary advice given for Anaemia;
Eat a variety of rich haem-iron foods (animal sources)
Eat non heam-iron foods (green leafy veg) alongside Vita C foods for absorption.
Breast milk or fortified milk for babies under 12months
Iron rich foods introduced during weaning after 6 months
Ensure vegans/vegetarians include a range of iron rich foods
