Booklet 3 - Exploring dietary health Flashcards
For infants what are their nutritional requirements ?
Breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months to ensure babies have the best start to life.
By around 6 months formula milk or breast milk will no longer be efficient to meet their nutritional needs the process of weaning on sild foods should begin.
From the age of 6 months infants receiving breast milk as their main drink should be given supplements providing A, C&D
What nutritional needs with carbohydrates does an infant need ?
It aids in maintaining the overall health condition of infants
Fuels their metabolism, functioning of their nervous system and supports their growth.
Carbohydrates is a primary source that fuels energy for children to play, a deficiency in carbohydrates for children may stunt their growth.
Fats and fatty acids for infants
Provide required energy for the brain, heart and liver.
Facilitate absorbing essential nutrients building cells and immunity
Breastfed infant’s easily consume the necessary amount of fats during their first year but infants on formula need essential fatty acids such as omega-3
Omega-3 supports visual acuity and neurological development and they should have 1-2 g per day
Protein for infants
Supports growth and development and is vital for the replacement of bodies tissue.
Strengthens muscles supplies brain cells with necessary nutrients that aids infants learning language skills
Cells found in human body- skin, hair, muscles ,eyes and organs contain protein- protein requirements for infants and toddlers are much more than that of adults as they are growing rapidly developing new protein tissue.
Micronutrients- Mineral, Water soluble and fat soluble vitamins.
Calcium- Builds and maintains strong teeth and bones, supports muscles function, promotes healthy nerves and aids cell signalling and communicating.
Iron- Supports red blood cells to supply O2 and generates Haemoglobin.
Vitamin A- For healthy eyesight and bone growth and essential for the immune system
Vitamin D- Absorbs calcium and maintenance of healthy teeth and bones.
Vitamin C- Holds cells together and repairs RBC, tissues, and bones. Promotes a healthy immune system, lessens bruising, scrapes and falls.
Vitamin B group- Helps the body process getting or making energy and helps from RBC
Vitamin E- Protecting the body germs, strengthens blood circulation and improves immune system
Name 4 main sources of nutrients of a carbohydrate for children
Potatoes bread rice pasta
Name 4 main sources of nutrients of protein for children
Lean meat fish eggs dairy products
Name 4 main sources of fat for children
saturated- Butter/ lard, cakes and buns
Unsaturated- Olive oils, nuts and seeds
Name 4 main sources of calcium for children
Milk, yoghurt soya beans tofu
Name 4 main sources of Iron for children
Lean meat liver beans
Name 4 sources of Vita A for children
Milk, yoghurt, cheese eggs
Name 4 sources of Vita C for children
Fruits, blackcurrants, strawberries kiwi
Name 3 sources of vita D for children
Eggs oily fish breakfast cereals
Adolescents -
Energy levels are influenced by activity levels, BMR ,pubertal growth and development.
Adolescents needs additional energy for growth and activity
Adolescents girls need 2200 calories per day
Nutritional needs for adolescents- Fats
Fat plays a important role as an energy source
Nutritional needs for adults- Protein
Determined by the amount of protein required for maintenance of existing lean body mass.
Adolescents need between 45-60 grams of protein each day.
Nutritional needs for an adult- Carbohydrates
Provides energy for the body especially the brain and the nervous system and the operation of the organs.
Starchy carbohydrates are usually foods with lower glycaemic index and helps maintain blood sugar levels.
Cuts down the number of fatty foods
Can fill you up faster and feel fuller for longer therefore an adolescent is less likely to eat high fat snacks.
High fibre bread promote regular bowel movements and helps prevent constipation. The recommended intake is 25g per day.
Reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Nutritional needs of sugars in an adolescents diet:
Main dietary component associated with dental caries and too much sugar as a negative effect on oral health which is when the teeth are exposed to a low PH in which demineralisation occurs.
Diets high in sugar can develop the risk of type 2 diabetes in later years, increase blood pressure, heart disease, stroke and kidney diseases.
Sugar also impacts weight control if not burned off as energy it will be stored as fat and contribute to obesity.
Micronutrients- Mineral, fat soluble and water soluble vitamins an their impact to an adolescents life.
1- Calcium
45% of peak bone mass is attained during adolescents and adequate calcium intake is essential for development of bone mass and reduction in risk of fractures and Osteoporosis in women in later life.
2- Iron
Vital for transporting O2 around the body.
A deficiency causes Anaemia
Onset adolescents the need for iron increases for the consequence of rapid growth and muscle mass
As adolescents gain muscle mass more iron is needed for new muscle cells to obtain O2 for energy.
Onset Menstruation imposes additional iron needs for girls
RDA states 12-15g is needed per day
3- Vitamin C
Aids the absorption on non-haem iron and helps prevent anaemia from occurring
