Book: Chapter 18 Flashcards
consumption possibilities curve
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import quota
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price discrimination
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dumping
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infant industries
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tariff
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General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade (GATT)
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learning by doing
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terms of trade
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outsourcing
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voluntary export restraint (VER)
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import licenses
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predatory pricing
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World Trade Organization (WTO)
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A country has a comparative advantage if it has a lower
cost of producing a good.
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The terms of trade is the rate at which two goods can
be
for one another.
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Suppose a country has a comparative advantage in
shirts but not computer chips. Workers in the chip
industry will be
with trade.
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Countries will always export the goods in which they
have absolute advantage.
(True/False)
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Finding Comparative Advantage. In one minute,
Country B can produce either 1,000 TVs and no
computers or 500 computers and no TVs. Similarly,
in one minute Country C can produce either 2,400
TVs or 600 computers.
a. Compute the opportunity costs of TVs and
computers for each country. Which country has a
comparative advantage in producing TVs? Which
1.6
1.7
country has a comparative advantage in producing
computers?
b. Draw the production possibilities curves for the
two countries.
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Benefits from Trade. In Country U, the opportunity
cost of a computer is 10 pairs of shoes. In Country
C, the opportunity cost of a computer is 100 pairs
of shoes.
a. Suppose the two countries split the difference
between the willingness to pay for computers and
the willingness to accept computers. Compute the
terms of trade, that is, the rate at which the two
countries will exchange computers and shoes.
b. Suppose the two countries exchange one computer
for the number of shoes dictated by the terms of
trade you computed in part (a). Compute the net
benefit from trade for each country.
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Measuring the Gains from Trade. Consider two
countries, Tableland and Chairland, each capable of producing tables and chairs. Chairland can produce
the following combinations of chairs and tables:
All chairs and no tables: 36 chairs per day
All tables and no chairs: 18 tables per day
Tableland can produce the following combinations of
chairs and tables:
All chairs and no tables: 40 chairs per day
All tables and no chairs: 40 tables per day
In each country, there is a fixed trade-off of tables
for chairs.
a. Draw the two production possibilities curves,
with chairs on the vertical axis and tables on the
horizontal axis.
b. Suppose each country is initially self-sufficient
and divides its resources equally between the two
goods. How much does each country produce
and consume?
c. Which country has a comparative advantage in
producing tables? Which country has a comparative
advantage in producing chairs?
d. If the two countries split the difference between the
buyer’s willingness to pay for chairs and the seller’s
willingness to accept, in terms of chairs per table,
what are the terms of trade?
e. Draw the consumption possibilities curves.
f. Suppose each country specializes in the good
for which it has a comparative advantage, and it
exchanges 14 tables for some quantity of chairs.
Compute the consumption bundles— bundles mean
the consumption of tables and chairs—for each
country.
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