Book: Ch. 12 Flashcards
Define: rationality
the idea in public- policy making that we have clearly identified goals and that we seek to achieve these goals in an optimal or efficient manner
Define: bounded rationality
the idea in policy making that decision makers may seek satisfactory solutions to problems that are not necessarily optimal or efficient
Define: Gilmer-Aikin Laws
education reform legislation passed in 1949 that supplemented local funding of education with public monies, raised teachers’ salaries, mandated a minimum length for the school year, and provided for more state supervision of public education
Define: equal protection clause
provision in the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guaranteeing citizens the “equal protection of the laws”; this clause has been the basis for the civil rights of African Americans, women, and other groups
Define: New Deal
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s 1930s programs to stimulate the national economy and provide relief to victims of the Great Depression
Define: Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)
a federally and state-financed program for children living with parents or relatives who fell below state standards of need; replaced in 1996 by TANF
Define: Medicaid
a federal and state program financing medical services to low-income people
Define: Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
a national welfare program passed in 1972 that provides assistance to low-income elderly or disabled individuals; replaced the federal-state programs that had offered assistance to the blind, the permanently and totally disabled, and the aged
Define: Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
a welfare program passed in 1996 to provide temporary assistance to families with needy children; replacing the AFDC program, TANF sought to make poor families self sufficient and to give states greater flexibility in setting benefit levels, eligibility requirements, and other program details
Define: law of capture
the idea that the first person “to capture” water or oil by pumping it out of the ground and using it owns that water or oil
