Book 5 Flashcards
1
Q
n
scent or smell
A
aroma
/əˈroʊ.mə/
I love the aroma of coffee in the morning.
2
Q
n
a drink
A
beverage
/ˈbev.ɚ.ɪdʒ/
The waiter brought our beverages first. Then he brought our food.
3
Q
n
a small group of things placed close together.
A
cluster
/ˈklʌs.tɚ/
She held a large cluster of grapes in her hand.
(A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity)
4
Q
V
to join together to make a single thing or group.
A
combine
/kəmˈbaɪn/
Mina combined peanut butter and jelly to make a sandwich.
5
Q
adj
When a liquid is …., it is made thicker.
A
condensed
/kənˈdenst/
One way to make a dessert thick and sweet is to use condensed milk.
6
Q
adj
related to the present time.
A
contemporary
/kənˈtem.pə.rer.i/
Contemporary scientists have learned quite a bit about DNA.
7
Q
V
to care for plants and help them grow.
A
cultivate
/ˈkʌl.tə.veɪt/
A research company is cultivating new kinds of rice to aid poor countries.
8
Q
adj
related to gods.
A
divine
/dɪˈvaɪn/
Legends say that music was given to humans as a divine gift from the gods.
9
Q
adj
When there is a lot of water in the air.
A
humid
/ˈhjuː.mɪd/
It is very humid inside a sauna.
10
Q
n
a very distinct smell
A
odor
/ˈoʊ·dər/
He knew there was a leak when he noticed the strong odor of natural gas.
odour UK formal
11
Q
n
the top part of the mouth.
A
palate
/ˈpæl.ət/
You can touch your palate with your tongue.
12
Q
n
the place or condition of happiness where things are perfect.
A
paradise
/ˈper.ə.daɪs/
My vacation in Hawaii was like being in paradise.
13
Q
n
a big farm that only grows certain kinds of crops.
A
plantation
/plænˈteɪ.ʃən/
In the 1800s, there were many cotton plantations in the southern US.
14
Q
adj
When something is …, it moves or changes very quickly.
A
rapid
/ˈræp.ɪd/
His mother was surprised by her son’s rapid growth.
15
Q
n
the speed at which something happens.
A
rate
/reɪt/
Grass tends to grow at a very slow rate.
16
Q
adj
When something is …., it makes you calm or relaxed.
A
soothing
/ˈsuː.ðɪŋ/
The soothing music helped the baby fall asleep.
17
Q
adj
not easy to see or notice.
A
subtle
/ˈsʌt̬.əl/
The handsome man has a subtle smile.
18
Q
n
the way something surface looks and feels.
A
texture
/ˈteks.tʃɚ/
The texture of a rock found in the water is typically very smooth.
19
Q
adj
poisonous and very dangerous.
A
toxic
/ˈtɑːk.sɪk/
Please check the label to see if the product is toxic.
20
Q
V
to be different from another thing in size or amount.
A
vary
/ˈver.i/
The heights of the people in my class vary by a large amount.
21
Q
n
someone who controls many military ships.
A
admiral
/ˈæd.mər.əl/
They won the sea battle because of the admiral’s great leadership.
22
Q
a curved shape.
A
arc
/ɑːrk/
A rainbow is an arc of colored bands across the sky.
23
Q
n
your personality.
A
character
/ˈker.ək.tɚ/
My sister’s character is fun and very outgoing.
24
Q
n
your inner sense of what is right and wrong.
A
conscience
I recycle everything I can, so my conscience is clear!
25
# V
succeed in getting away from a place.
**escape**
| /ɪˈskeɪp/
## Footnote
She tried to **escape** from the building.
26
# adj
If something is ..., it is burning strongly.
**fiery**
| /ˈfaɪə.ri/
## Footnote
The **fiery** blaze burned all night long.
27
the muscle and fat on your body.
| n
**flesh**
| /fleʃ/
## Footnote
The zebra's **flesh** is covered by black and white skin.
28
# n
a fruit similar to an orange, but bigger and not as sweet.
**grapefruit**
| /ˈɡreɪp.fruːt/
## Footnote
Would you like a **grapefruit** with your breakfast?
plural **grapefruit** or **grapefruits**
29
dry grass used to feed animals and can be used for different purposes.
**hay**
| /heɪ/
## Footnote
I need to buy some more **hay** for the horse to eat.
30
# adj
very shocked and feel upset.
**horrified**
| /ˈhɔːr.ə.faɪd/
## Footnote
I was **horrified** when I read about the old lady who was attacked.
31
a type of oil used in some lamps and stoves.
**kerosene**
| /ˈker.ə.siːn/
## Footnote
Many people in poor countries cook on **kerosene** stoves.
32
# n
a line made into the shape of a circle.
**loop**
| /luːp/
## Footnote
He made a **loop** with the rope and placed it over the post.
33
# n
nearest the center and with an equal number of things on each side.
**middle**
| /ˈmɪd.əl/
## Footnote
I suddenly woke up in the **middle** of the night.
34
# n
a piece of wood or plastic that moves a boat across water.
**paddle**
| /ˈpæd.əl/
## Footnote
Put your **paddle** in the water and pull hard to make the boat move.
35
# adj
sharp and unpleasant taste.
**sour**
| /saʊr/
## Footnote
I don't like lemons because I think they are too **sour**.
36
# n
a small, sharp piece of wood or metal that is put into the ground.
**stake**
| /steɪk/
## Footnote
We marked our property by placing **stakes** into the ground.
37
# n
a person like a waiter who serves food on planes and ships.
**steward**
| /ˈstuː.ɚd/
## Footnote
The **steward** is bringing some tea.
38
# n
a thin piece of fabric or rope
**string**
| /strɪŋ/
## Footnote
I found a large ball of **string**.
39
# n
a sharp part of a plant.
**thorn**
| /θɔːrn/
## Footnote
Be careful of the **thorns** when you pick the roses!
40
# V
to destroy or ruin something.
**wreck**
| /rek/
## Footnote
The teenagers **wrecked** the house for no reason at all.
41
# V
to tell them someone disapprove of their behavior.
**admonish**
| /ədˈmɑː.nɪʃ/
## Footnote
The teacher **admonished** Mark because he was chewing gum in class.
42
# adj
able to be heard.
**audible**
| /ˈɑː.də.bəl/
## Footnote
The sound of the drums was **audible** from miles away.
43
# adj
impressive or frightening
**awesome**
| /ˈɑː.səm/
## Footnote
The huge military plane was an **awesome** sight.
44
# V
to be careful of something or someone that is dangerous.
**beware**
| /bɪˈwer/
## Footnote
You should **beware** of driving fast on wet roads.
45
to talk of one's abilities or achievements in a proud way.
**brag**
| /bræɡ/
## Footnote
He had strong muscles and **bragged** about them to the entire class.
46
aware of something.
**conscious**
| /ˈkɑːn.ʃəs/
## Footnote
The new student was **conscious** of the other students staring at her.
47
# V
to have a different opinion from someone.
**disagree**
| /ˌdɪs.əˈɡriː/
## Footnote
The lawyers **disagreed** about the best way to settle the case.
48
# V
To repeat a sound itself because it bounced off an object.
**echo**
| /ˈek.oʊ/
## Footnote
The child yelled over the canyon, and the sound **echoed** off the wall.
plural **echoes**
49
# adj
it happens at the end of a series of events.
**eventual**
| /ɪˈven.tʃu.əl/
## Footnote
The constant training and planning led the team to an **eventual** victory.
50
# n
A ... is information that suggests something will happen or is true.
**hint**
| /hɪnt/
## Footnote
I quietly passed on a **hint** to my sister about the test.
51
# adj
a person who is not smart or who has done something silly.
**idiot**
| /ˈɪd.i.ət/
## Footnote
Because he got lost in the forest, the man felt like an **idiot**.
52
# adj
very large
**immense**
| /ɪˈmens/
## Footnote
An **immense** amount of money was needed to buy such a large boat.
53
# adj
not the easiest or straightest way
**indirect**
| /ˌɪn.dɪˈrekt/
## Footnote
He chose to take the most **indirect** route to the coast.
54
# n
a choice between two or more things.
**option**
| /ˈɑːp.ʃən/
## Footnote
The children were given the **option** of three houses to pick from.
55
# n
an activity that you do often for fun
**pastime**
| /ˈpæs.taɪm/
## Footnote
In the US, baseball is considered a national **pastime**.
56
# adj
without any mistakes
perfect
| /ˈpɝː.fekt/
## Footnote
She got all the questions right, so her score was **perfect**.
57
# V
to locate something exactly.
**pinpoint**
| /ˈpɪn.pɔɪnt/
## Footnote
The navigation system in my car is able to **pinpoint** my exact location.
58
# V
to change something to something else.
**switch**
| /swɪtʃ/
## Footnote
Mom **switched** the TV station from the news to her favorite show.
59
# adj
complete or done carefully
**thorough**
| /ˈθɝː.ə/
## Footnote
Tina did a **thorough** job of cleaning the stains out of the carpet.
60
# V
to cause someone to suffer on purpose.
**torment**
| /ˈtɔːr.ment/
## Footnote
She **tormented** her little brother by taking his favorite toy.
61
# adj
sudden or unexpected
**abrupt**
| /əˈbrʌpt/
## Footnote
When the dancer fell down on her beck, the ballet came to an **abrupt** stop.
62
# n
severe pain or suffering
**agony**
| /ˈæɡ.ə.ni/
## Footnote
The boy yelled in **agony** when the puppy bit him.
63
# n
someone who murders an important person
**assassin**
| /əˈsæs.ən/
## Footnote
An **assassin** killed Martin Luther King on April 4, 1968.
64
# n
hair that grows on a mans chin and cheeks
beard
| /bɪrd/
## Footnote
The farmer had a long **beard**, as white as snow.
65
# n
a large and dangerous animal
**beast**
| /biːst/
## Footnote
Tanzania is home to many famous **beasts**, such as lions, leopards, and hyenas.
66
# n
a room that is part of a larger building and is used for Christian worship
**chapel**
| /ˈtʃæp.əl/
## Footnote
We were married in a smal wedding **chapel** in Las Vegas
67
# n
a person who gives opinions or describes something, often on TV or the radio
**commentator**
| /ˈkɑː.mən.teɪ.t̬ɚ/
## Footnote
According to many **commentators**, this winter is has been one of the coldest in the last century.
68
# V
to trick a person into doing something or giving up money
con
## Footnote
It was unfair of the fortune teller to **con** me out of 500 dollars
69
# n
a general agreement among a group of people
**consensus**
| /kənˈsen.səs/
## Footnote
The **consensus** among the children was that ghosts exist
70
# n
a secret plan that two or more people make together to do somethin harmful or legal
**conspiracy**
| /kənˈspɪr.ə.si/
## Footnote
The businessman thought there was a **compiracy** among his coworkers to get him fred.
71
# n
an uprising in which people try to overthrow the government.
**coup**
| /kuː/
## Footnote
At the end of the 18 century, Napoleon Bonaparte staged a **coup** to overthrow a group that had control of france
72
# V
To be unwilling to believe that people have good intention
**cynical**
| /ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/
## Footnote
The man became **cynical** after being led to many times.
73
# n
a curved roof of building
**dome**
| /doʊm/
## Footnote
I looked up at the **dome** to admire its beauty
74
# V
to say something loudly, suddenly and excloedly
exclaim
| /ɪkˈskleɪm/
## Footnote
The singer interrupted the applause to **exclaim** his thanks after his performance.
75
# n
an open public place in which meetings are held
**forum**
| /ˈfɔːr.əm/
## Footnote
The scientist shared her research at a special **forum** in the city.
plural **forums** or **fora**
76
# n
relating to riches, wealth, and beauty
**glamour**
| /ˈɡlæm.ɚ/
## Footnote
The young woman showed off her **glamour** during the photo shoot.
(US **glamor**)
77
# V
to bother or attack someone repeatedly.
**harass**
| /həˈræs/
## Footnote
The young girl would often **harass** her baby brother.
78
# V
to light something and make it brighter
**illuminate**
| /ɪˈluː.mə.neɪt/
## Footnote
In order to **illuminate** the stage, the crew turned on the spotlight.
79
# V
to provoke or intensify something
**inflame**
## Footnote
The tax increase will **inflame** the public's frustration with the government.
80
# n
set of musical notes that form the main part of a song
**melody**
| /ˈmel.ə.di/
## Footnote
I had the **melody** of the song stuck in my head all day
81
# adv
if you do something ..., you do it for a short time.
**awhile**
| /əˈwaɪl/
## Footnote
Wait here **awhile**, and I'll bring some tea
82
# n
the imaginary place on the internet where activities occur
**cyberspace**
| /ˈsaɪ.bɚ.speɪs/
## Footnote
I didn't receive your anal. It probably got lost in **cyberspace**
83
# V
To correct a piece of writing that so that is suitable to be published
**edit**
| /ˈed.ɪt/
## Footnote
She asked her brother to **edit** her paper before she submitted it to her teacher
84
# n
a short piece of writing on a certain subject
**essay**
| /ˈes.eɪ/
## Footnote
She had to write a two-page **essay** for her English class.
(US **paper**)
85
# V
to study something, so a desition can be made
**evaluate**
| /ɪˈvæl.ju.eɪt/
## Footnote
Jo and Ken **evaluated** the plan and agreed that it would work.
86
# V
To go unconscious and fall down
**faint**
| /feɪnt/
## Footnote
Carol **fainted** because she hadn't eaten in over a day.
87
# adj
If something ..., it happens all around the world
**global**
| /ˈɡloʊ.bəl/
## Footnote
Pollution is a **global** problem.
88
# n
a buiding with equipment that you can use to get exercise
**gymnasium**
| /dʒɪmˈneɪ.zi.əm/
## Footnote
When I go to the **gymnasium**, I use the treadmill for twenty minutes.
89
# V
to mark something with a color so that it is easy to see
**highlight**
| /ˈhaɪ.laɪt/
## Footnote
I read my vocabulary list and **highlighted** the most difficult words.
90
# adj
no having knowledge about something
**ignorant**
| /ˈɪɡ.nɚ.ənt/
## Footnote
I'm a bit **ignorant** about his theories. Can you explain them to me?
91
# n
a lot of words at the end of a book that gives information.
**index**
| /ˈɪn.deks/
## Footnote
If you look in the **index**, you'll find the right page number.
(plural **indices** UK) (US **indexes**)
92
# n
a long, educational speech
**lecture**
| /ˈlek.tʃɚ/
## Footnote
His **lecture** on world hunger was very informative.
93
# n
the message at the end of a story that teaches you something.
**moral**
| /ˈmɔːr.əl/
## Footnote
At the end of the story, the mother explained the **moral** to her children.
94
# V
to work or function
**operate**
| /ˈɑː.pə.reɪt/
## Footnote
I'm sorry, but the trains are not **operating** today.
95
# adj
only used by one person or group
**private**
| /ˈpraɪ.vət/
## Footnote
Don't look at my diary! It's **private**!
96
# adj
When something is happened a short time ago.
**recent**
| /ˈriː.sənt/
## Footnote
I did not know what had caused his **recent** behavior
97
# n
a personal decision
**resolution**
| /ˌrez.əˈluː.ʃən/
## Footnote
At New Year I made a list of **resolutions** to help me have a better year
98
# n
a portion of a school year
**semester**
| /səˈmes.tɚ/
## Footnote
Jack is in his second **semester** of college
99
# adj
is written on a computer or typewriter
**typewritten**
| /ˈtaɪpˌrɪt̬.ən/
## Footnote
This is an important, formal project and must be **typewritten**.
100
# adj
very strange
**weird**
| /wɪrd/
## Footnote
My best friend's dad is a bit **weird**.
101
# V
to get used to something
**accustom**
| /əˈkʌs·təm/
## Footnote
I find it difficult to **accustom** myself to new time zones when travel around the world
102
# adj
the most dominant or has the highest rank
**alpha**
| /ˈæl.fə/
## Footnote
The largest lion was the **alpha** male of the pack
103
# V
to awaken interest or attention in someone.
**arouse**
| /əˈraʊz/
## Footnote
The politician's words were meant to **arouse** the protestors anger.
104
# adj
ability to express ideas clearly and effectively
**articulate**
| /ɑːrˈtɪk.jə.lət/
## Footnote
Alfred's friends lowed talking to him because he was so **articulate** and intelligent
105
# V
to show excitement about something
**buzz**
| /bʌz/
## Footnote
Seoul **buzzes** from dawn til dusk.
106
# V
to fight or argue over something
**clash**
| /klæʃ/
## Footnote
The sisters often **clash** over the right way to do things.
107
# n
putting things into categories or groups that have things in common.
**classification**
| /ˌklæs.ə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/
## Footnote
According to scientific **classification**, a duck-billed platypus is an egg-laying mammal.
108
# V
to hold onto something tightly
**cling**
| /klɪŋ/
## Footnote
A mother sloth will **cling** tightly to her baby in the treetops.
109
# n
the act of following a rule or doing what you are supposed to do
**compliance**
| /kəmˈplaɪ.əns/
## Footnote
The bratty child never shows **compliance** with her mother's rules.
(also **compliancy**)
110
# V
to understand something.
**comprehend**
| /ˌkɑːm.prəˈhend/
## Footnote
The player could not **comprehend** why he lost the game.
111
# V
to gether in one place.
**congregate**
| /ˈkɑːŋ.ɡrə.ɡeɪt/
## Footnote
Seeing a group of bads **congregate** in the sky is an awesome sight.
112
# n
the right to take care of someone or something.
**custody**
| /ˈkʌs.tə.di/
## Footnote
The prisoners were put in the **custody** of the jailers.
113
to scatter everywhere
**disperse**
| /dɪˈspɝːs/
## Footnote
I watched the peoplo **disperse** in all directions to avoid the charging buli.
114
# V
to symbolize or represent something
**embody**
| /ɪmˈbɑː.di/
## Footnote
Mother Teresa was said to **embody** goodness and kindness.
115
# adj
involving scientific proof and evidence
**empirical**
| /emˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl/
## Footnote
Scientists must always find **empirical** evidence in their work
116
# n
the act of keeping someone out of a group
**exclusion**
| /ɪkˈskluː.ʒən/
## Footnote
People gathered together to protest the **exclusion** of immigrants from our country.
117
# V
to gather in one place
**flock**
| /flɑːk/
## Footnote
Groups of birds will **flock** to the river in the spring
118
# V
(of animals) to eat grass, or to cause animals to feed on grass
**graze**
| /ɡreɪz/
## Footnote
The sheep and goats like to **graze** on the grass outside the village.
119
# adj
very smart.
**intelligent**
| /ɪnˈtel.ə.dʒənt/
## Footnote
The **intelligent** student graduated from high school with the highest marks in his class.
120
# n
A type of forest, where trees and plants grew very close together
**jungle**
| /ˈdʒʌŋ.ɡəl/
## Footnote
Many kinds of animals, including birds, reptiles, and even elephants live in a **jungle**
121
# n
an arrangement to keep one's money with a bank
**account**
| /əˈkaʊnt/
## Footnote
After I paid for the new car, my bank **account** was nearly empty
122
# n
a person who design buildings
**architect**
| /ˈɑːr.kə.tekt/
## Footnote
The plans for building the new home were drawn by a famous **architect**.
123
# V
to hide something
conceal
| /kənˈsiːl/
## Footnote
You should **conceal** your money so no one can take it from you
124
# n
If someone commits a ..., he or she does something bad that can be punished by law
crime
| /kraɪm/
## Footnote
Police quickly arrived at the scene of the **crime.**
125
a certificate that proves that someone owns something
**deed**
| /diːd/
## Footnote
When she bought the car, she was given a **deed** to show the car was here.
126
# n
a feeling of being thankful
**gratitude**
| /ˈɡræt̬.ə.tuːd/
## Footnote
The kids showed Aunt Tess much **gratitude** for visiting them.
127
# n
the home of animals or plants
**habitat**
| /ˈhæb.ə.tæt/
## Footnote
Frogs are often found in a wet **habitat**, such as near a lake, rive or pand
128
# V
to help stop a problem between two people or groups
**intervene**
| /ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈviːn/
## Footnote
The students argued until the teacher **intervened**.
129
# n
an object that helps people find or remember a location
**landmark**
| /ˈlænd.mɑːrk/
## Footnote
The tall tree was used as a **landmark** for people to find the road to the inn.
130
# adj
related to the law or allowed by the law
**legal**
| /ˈliː.ɡəl/
## Footnote
It was not **legal** for him to drive until he was 18 years old
131
# adj
remembered for a special reason
**memorable**
| /ˈmem.ər.ə.bəl/
## Footnote
The party was **memorable** people was still talking about it years later.
132
# V
to require someone to do something
**oblige**
| /əˈblaɪdʒ/
## Footnote
If I wanted to have playtime. I was **obliged** to clean my room once a week
133
# n
an action that breaks the law and requires punishments
**offense**
| /əˈfens/
## Footnote
He was put in jail for two days for the **offense**.
134
# V
to say something in public
**proclaim**
| /proʊˈkleɪm/
## Footnote
The army general **preclaimed** that the war was won.
135
# n
a large public meeting in order to support something
**rally**
| /ˈræl.i/
## Footnote
The school had a **rally** in the gym to support the basketball team.
136
# V
to find a solution
**resolve**
| /rɪˈzɑːlv/
## Footnote
She **resolved** the problem with her children by giving them both a toy.
137
# n
a person's or country's money and materials that they can use
**resource**
| /ˈriː.sɔːrs/ /ˈriː.zɔːrs/
## Footnote
The poor man didn't have the **resources** to feed himself.
138
# n
A punishment given to someone who did follow the law
**sentence**
| /ˈsen.təns/
## Footnote
The **sentence** for stealing a car is much worse than for stealing candy.
139
# V
to offer to do something for free.
**volunteer**
| /ˌvɑː.lənˈtɪr/
## Footnote
Many people **volunteered** to help the adults learn to read.
140
# n
someone who sees or hears a crime or accident happen.
**witness**
| /ˈwɪt.nəs/
## Footnote
The woman was the only witness of the horrible **crime**.
141
# n
the right to enter or use something
**access**
| /ˈæk.ses/
## Footnote
The manager was the only person with **access** to the password
142
# n
the way that someone act
**conduct**
| /kənˈdʌkt/
## Footnote
She was punished for her bad **conduct**.
143
# adj
happens a lot or all the time
**constant**
| /ˈkɑːn.stənt/
## Footnote
The television at home is in **constant** use.
144
# n
a narrow space between the parts of something broken.
**crack**
| /kræk/
## Footnote
The old window was covered with **cracks**.
145
# n
an object or a machine
**device**
| /dɪˈvaɪs/
## Footnote
A thermometer is a **device** that tells temperature.
146
# V
to surround something
**enclose**
| /ɪnˈkloʊz/
## Footnote
The cows in the field were **enclosed** by a fence.
147
# V
to hold something very tight
**grip**
| /ɡrɪp/
## Footnote
I was scared, so I **gripped** my older sister's hand.
148
# v
to stop moving
**halt**
| /hɑːlt/
## Footnote
The criminal **halted** when he saw the police coming
149
# adg
if something is going to happen soon.
**impending**
| /ɪmˈpen.dɪŋ/
## Footnote
The student was nervous about her **impending** test.
150
# V
to have an effect on someone or something
**influence**
| /ˈɪn.flu.əns/
## Footnote
My friend **influenced** my decision to attend Terrance University
151
# n
a rule made by the legislative body.
**law**
| /lɑː/
## Footnote
The students learned about different **laws** during social studies class
152
# n
a settinger condition on a machine
**mode**
| /moʊd/
## Footnote
Melissa turned the TV to quiet **mode** while she talked on the phone.
153
# V
to sweat
**perspire**
| /pɚˈspaɪɚ/
## Footnote
I usually **perspire** a lot when I am at athletics practice.
154
# V
to put something in the place of something else
**replace**
| /rɪˈpleɪs/
## Footnote
I **replaced** the tie on my car because it was flat
155
# V
to break something suddenly, which can cause a loud noise
**snap**
| /snæp/
## Footnote
I took the drumstick and **snapped** it with my hands
156
# adj
sneaky or good at tricking people
**sly**
| /slaɪ/
## Footnote
The **sly** fox stole the eggs from the nest.
157
# V
to be likely to do something or to do it often
**tend**
| /tend/
## Footnote
My mom **tends** to buy me the perfect gift each Christmas.
158
# adj
correct or based on good reasoning.
**valid**
| /ˈvæl.ɪd/
## Footnote
The expert's opinion on the subject was more **valid** than others.
159
# n
an account of something that differ slightly from the original
**version**
| /ˈvɝː.ʒən/
## Footnote
She read the students British version of the Chinese fairy tale.
160
# adv
used after a negative phrase to add emphasis to the idea that is being expressed
**whatsoever**
| /ˌwɑːt.soʊˈev.ɚ/
## Footnote
The boy had no idea **whatsoever** how to finish the story.
(also **whatever**)
161
# adv
next to something.
**alongside**
| /əˈlɑːŋ.saɪd/
## Footnote
We work **alongside** each other in the office.
162
# n
your hunger for food
**appetite**
| /ˈæp.ə.taɪt/
## Footnote
Tom has a big **appetite**. He eats all the time.
163
# V
to help someone.
**assist**
| /əˈsɪst/
## Footnote
Andrew **assisted** me with my homework.
164
# n
a soft wind
**breeze**
| /briːz/
## Footnote
The **breeze** caused the leaves to fall off the tree.
165
# V
to work against someone or refuse to do what they say.
**defy**
| /dɪˈfaɪ/
## Footnote
The students got into trouble for **defying** their teacher's rules.
166
# V
to show something, especially by putting it in a certain place.
**display**
| /dɪˈspleɪ/
## Footnote
The museum **displayed** many wonderful paintings.
167
# adj
not wasting energy
**efficient**
| /ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/
## Footnote
My car is very **efficient**. I rarely have to buy gas.
168
# adj
small or weak
**feeble**
| /ˈfiː.bəl/
## Footnote
The boy was too **feeble** to carry the object very far.
169
# V
to stop being angry with someone.
forgive
| /fɚˈɡɪv/
## Footnote
Sandra **forgave** Peter after he said he was sorry.
(forgive-forgave-forgiven)
170
# adj
having a lot of energy.
**lively**
| /ˈlaɪv.li/
## Footnote
Jennifer is very **lively**. she's always running and playing.
171
# adj
large and impressive.
**majestic**
| /məˈdʒes.tɪk/
## Footnote
The rich people lived in a big, **majestic** house.
172
# conj
You use ... to connect two negative ideas.
.
**nor**
| /nɔːr/
## Footnote
I eat neither apples **nor** oranges. I don't like either one
173
# adj
very angry
**outraged**
| /ˈaʊt.reɪdʒd/
## Footnote
My father was **outraged** when he saw that I had crashed his car.
174
# adj
they believe that the worst will happen.
**pessimistic**
| /ˌpes.əˈmɪs.tɪk/
## Footnote
John is **pessimistic**. He always thinks something bad will happen.
175
# n
The .... between two or more people is the way in which they behave toward each other.
.
**relationship**
| /rɪˈleɪ.ʃən.ʃɪp/
## Footnote
The teacher was proud of her good **relationship** with the students
176
# V
to hit someone with the palm of the hand
**slap**
| /slæp/
## Footnote
Out of anger, Helen **slapped** Eunice on the face.
177
# V
to break something into many small pieces.
**smash**
| /smæʃ/
## Footnote
Jacob **smashed** the window with a rock.
178
# adj
Someone who achieves what they intended to achieve.
**successful**
| /səkˈses.fəl/
## Footnote
My father is a **successful** businessman.
179
# n
the money that a person gets for doing a job.
**wage**
| /weɪdʒ/
## Footnote
The **wages** I receive from my job are really great!
180
# conj
You use .... to show how two things are different.
**whereas**
| /werˈæz/
## Footnote
My sister loves horror movies, **whereas** I prefer comedies.
181
# adj
When something is ...., it has life.
**animate**
| /ˈæn.ə.mət/
## Footnote
Rocks and machines are not **animate** things.
182
# V
to divide things or people into groups according to their type, or to say which group or type something or someone belongs to
classify
| /ˈklæs.ə.faɪ/
## Footnote
The biologist **classified** the plant as a completely new species.
183
# V
to admit against your wish that something is true.
**concede**
| /kənˈsiːd/
## Footnote
The student **conceded** that he had cheated on the test.
184
# n
an idea about something.
**concept**
| /ˈkɑːn.sept/
## Footnote
I learned some **concepts** about molecules before working in the science lab.
185
# V
to make or build something.
**construct**
| /kənˈstrʌkt/
## Footnote
The men used wood and metal to **construct** a house.
186
# n
a period of ten years.
decade
| /ˈdek.eɪd/
## Footnote
She celebrated her three **decades** of work with the company.
187
# n
a simple drawing that explains what something is or how it works. .
**diagram**
| /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡræm/
## Footnote
By following the **diagram**, I was able to put the desk together
188
# n
a boat that carries passengers over short distances.
**ferry**
| /ˈfer.i/
## Footnote
The **ferry** took the people across the lake.
(also **ferry boat**)
189
# adj
useful
**handy**
| /ˈhæn.di/
## Footnote
An eraser is **handy** if you make a lot of mistakes.
190
# V
to separate one person or thing from a group.
**isolate**
| /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/
## Footnote
The teacher **isolated** the bad child from the class before talking with her.
191
# n
a strong feeling of wanting.
**longing**
| /ˈlɑːŋ.ɪŋ/
## Footnote
Since he skipped breakfast, he had a **longing** for food all morning.
192
# adj
If something is ...., there are many of those things.
**numerous**
| /ˈnuː.mə.rəs/
## Footnote
It was hard to drive fast since there were **numerous** holes in the road.
193
# n
a very small piece of something.
**particle**
| /ˈpɑːr.t̬ə.kəl/
## Footnote
The bottles of wine were covered in a layer of dust **particles**.
194
# n
a request that is urgent or emotional.
**plea**
| /pliː/
## Footnote
The poor, hungry man made a **plea** for food.
195
# V
to avoid doing something.
**refrain**
| /rɪˈfreɪn/
## Footnote
The doctor asked Mary to **refrain** from eating fast food as part of her diet.
196
# n
a formal inspection of something by people in authority.
**review**
| /rɪˈvjuː/
## Footnote
The government ordered a careful **review** of the economic situation.
197
# adj
If someone is ...., they know many things about the world.
**sophisticated**
| /səˈfɪs.tə.keɪ.t̬ɪd/
## Footnote
Jake is one of the most **sophisticated** people I've ever met.
198
# V
to give something up.
**surrender**
| /səˈren.dɚ/
## Footnote
The thief **surrendered** the money to the police when he was caught.
199
# adj
standing up straight.
**upright**
| /ˈʌp.raɪt/
## Footnote
Meerkats can't walk like humans, but they can stand **upright**.
200
# adj
important or useful.
**worthwhile**
| /ˌwɝːθˈwaɪl/
## Footnote
On his visit to Canada, he realized studying English was **worthwhile**.
201
# n
a group of people who work together.
**alliance**
| /əˈlaɪ.əns/
## Footnote
The junior executives formed an **alliance** with each other.
202
# n
the noise made when people clap their hands to show approval.
**applause**
## Footnote
At the end of his speech, everyone burst into loud **applause**.
203
# adj
adj. If you are armed, you are carrying a weapon.
The robber was armed with a gun.
**armed**
204
adj. If something is authoritative, it uses the best information available. This book is an authoritative source on ancient Egypt's Queen Nefertiti.
**authoritative**
205
n. Bravery is brave behavior.
The books commended the general's bravery.
**bravery**
206
n. A ceremony is an event that happens on special occasions. Tom and Amy's marriage ceremony is in June.
**ceremony**
207
n. Culture is the music, art, and writings of a certain place or group of people. Ancient Mexican culture is renowned for its architecture.
**culture**
208
n. A defense is something that is done to protect another thing.
The air force works in defense of its country.
**defense**
209
n. A detail is a small piece of information.
Jane told Ben all the details of her trip to China.
**detail**
210
#adj
When a group of things is ...., it is made up of a wide variety of things.
**diverse**
Big cities have **diverse** populations with people of different races and ages.
211
v. To enchant someone is to make them feel very interested or happy. The beautiful woman enchanted everybody in the room.
**enchant**
212
v. To equip someone is to give them the things needed to do something. Steve was equipped with the tools needed to do the job.
**equip**
213
n. An exception is someone or something not conforming to a rule. Most students thought the test was hard, but Tim was the exception.
**exception**
214
n. A genre is a type of literature, art, or music characterized by its style. She is considered a master in the comedy genre.
**genre**
215
n. An impact is the effect someone or something has. My grandmother had a great impact on my life.
**impact**
216
v. To lure someone is to convince them to do something by using a trick. The store lures people in with big signs that say "Sale!"
**lure**
217
n. An obstacle is an object or a problem that stops you from doing something. Climbing over the giant rock was the biggest obstacle for the hikers.
**obstacle**
218
n. A shelter is a place to go that is safe from danger or bad weather. The frog took shelter from the storm in a nearby hold.
**shelter**
219
to give people what they want or need
**supply**
## Footnote
The water heater supplied the house with warm water.
220
adj. If people are vain, they are only concerned with how they look. Rebecca is so vain that she looks at herself in every mirror.
**vain**
221
n. An alternative is something that you can choose instead of your first choice.
Her first plan to make extra money seemed weak, so she chose an alternative.
**alternative**
222
n. An avenue is a road, often a large one with buildings on each side.
Drive down this avenue and then turn left to get to the park.
**avenue**
223
n. The belly is the stomach of a person or animal.
His belly was full because he had eaten a lot of food.
**belly**
224
n. A bid to do something is an attempt to do it.
He made a bid to become the university's next president.
**bid**
225
v. To blow means to move air or move something through the air, as in the wind.
The wind is blowing very hard today. We should stay inside.
**blow**
226
n. A conflict is a fight between different people or groups.
The two nations had a conflict over which one could use the water in the river.
**conflict**
227
n. A continent is one of the seven large areas of land on the Earth.
Asia is the largest continent.
**continent**
228
n. A current is a steady and constant flow of air or water in a river or ocean. The ocean currents took the ship far off into the sea.
**current**
229
n. Disrespect is rudeness or behavior that shows a lack of respect.
He showed disrespect by arguing with his boss during a meeting.
**disrespect**
230
n. Enthusiasm is a very strong good feeling about something.
The crowd showed their enthusiasm for the soccer team by cheering loudly.
**enthusiasm**
231
harsh [ha:]
adj. When something is harsh, it is very unpleasant. The desert can be a very harsh environment.
**harsh**
232
v. To lean is to bend in a particular direction.
The woman leaned against the counter because she was tired.
**lean**
233
meantime [mi:ntaim]
n. The meantime is the time between two events.
Ted began setting the table. In the meantime, I began preparing the food.
**meantime**
234
mischief [mistfif]
n. Mischief is behavior that is meant to trick or cause trouble for people. Ben was up to mischief when he persuaded Ken to paint his face.
**mischief**
235
n. Muscle is a mass of tissue attached to bone that helps you move. She went to the gym in order to make her muscles stronger.
**muscle**
236
v. To rescue someone means to remove them from danger. The firefighter rescued the man from the burning building.
**rescue**
237
n. A succession is a number of things that follow one after the other. The student said the letters of the alphabet in succession.
**succession**
238
n. The terrain is the land and all of its physical features or parts. The terrain below was rocky and full of hills.
**terrain**
239
adj. If someone is timid, they are afraid, shy, or nervous.
The timid child hides behind her mother whenever she sees a stranger.
**timid**
240
n. Violence is forceful action that is meant to injure or kill people.
The boy hit his brother in an act of violence.
**violence**
241
v. To affect someone or something is to have an influence over them. The student's poor attitude affected the other students in the class.
**affect**
242
n. An autograph is the written name of a famous person. Everybody wanted the movie star's autograph.
**autograph**
243
n. A bead is a drop of liquid.
Beads of water collected on the outside of the glass.
**bead**
244
v. To brew coffee or tea means to pour hot water over it. Please brew a fresh pot of coffee.
**brew**
245
v. To charm someone is to please them with your personality. Gail charmed everyone with her humorous stories.
**charm**
246
n. A destiny is all the things that happen or will happen to a person in their life. It was his destiny to become a great singer.
**destiny**
247
n. Equipment consists of the things which are used for a specific purpose. The factory produces a wide range of high-tech equipment.
**equipment**
248
n. A horn is a device that makes a loud noise.
The boy honked his horn as he rode his bicycle past the house.
**horn**
249
adj. When someone is irritable, they become annoyed or angry very easily. She is irritable when she doesn't get enough sleep.
**irritable**
250
v. To lag behind is to move slowly behind other moving objects.
The girl on rollerblades lagged behind the little girl on the bicycle.
**lag**
251
n. A nightmare is a bad or scary dream.
The girl was scared to go back to sleep because she had had a nightmare.
**nightmare**
252
adj. When something is nutritious, it helps the body stay healthy. Mangoes are one of the most nutritious fruits in the world.
**nutritious**
253
n. Protein is a substance that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong. Fish and beef are good sources of protein.
**protein**
254
n. A signature is your name, when you write it in your own way.
I put my signature at the end of the letter.
**signature**
255
n. Stuff is a word used to refer to things without mentioning the things by name. We gave a lot of stuff to the charity.
**stuff**
256
adj. When something is subconscious, it is done without thinking about it. Breathing is one of the subconscious things that the body does.
**subconscious**
257
n. A van is a vehicle that is used for carrying things. It is smaller than a truck. The delivery company uses large vans to deliver packages.
**van**
258
v. To warn someone is to make them know of possible danger in the future. The lifeguard warned people to stay away from the rough ocean.
**warn**
259
n. A workout is an exercise routine that helps improve health.
She doesn't do her workout on the weekends.
**workout**
260
v. To zoom is to move quickly.
The cars zoomed along the road.
**zoom**
261
n. A brick is a block of hard clay that is used for building things, such as walls. There were several bricks scattered on the ground.
**brick**
262
v. To crumble means to break or fall apart into small pieces.
The old house's walls crumbled into a pile of rock and wood.
**crumble**
263
n. Dough is a mixture of flour and water that becomes bread when baked. I made heart-shaped cookies from the dough.
**dough**
264
v. To express a feeling or idea means to show others how one thinks or feels. The nurse expressed her sympathy for the sick patient.
**express**
265
n. A fist is a hand with fingers bent in toward the palm.
The bully made a fist and threatened to hit the small boy.
**fist**
266
adj. If something is flexible, then it can bend easily without breaking.
The tree branch was so flexible it could be bent into a circle and not break.
**flexible**
267
v. To flush means the face becomes red due to heat, illness, or emotion.
After the long race, the runner's face was flushed.
**flexible**
268
v. To injure someone means to damage a part of their body.
The car crash injured two people.
**flexible**
269
n. A lump is a small piece of something that is solid.
The artist took a lump of clay and turned it into a beautiful pot.
**lump**
270
n. A mixture is something that is made by mixing other things together. The walls were built using a mixture of water, rock, and dirt.
**mixture**
271
v. To reconcile means to return to a friendly relationship.
After arguing, the two friends were reconciled with each other.
**reconcile**
272
v. To ruin something means to harm or damage it greatly. Our walk in the park was ruined by the sudden rain.
**ruin**
273
v. To shatter something means to break it suddenly into many tiny pieces. When the ball hit the window, the glass shattered.
**shatter**
274
n. Shutters are wooden or metal covers in front of a window.
Mr. Smith closed the shutters every night to make his bedroom dark.
**shutter**
275
v. To sift something means to remove all the large pieces.
The baker sifted the flour into a large bowl.
**sift**
276
adj. If something is slight, then it is small or minor.
There was only a slight change in the little boy's height.
**slight**
277
v. To sparkle means to shine brightly with quick flashes of light. The stars sparkled in the winter night's sky.
**sparkle**
278
v. To sprinkle means to scatter something all over something else. He sprinkled the pasta with salt and black pepper.
**sprinkle**
279
adj. If food is stale, then it is not fresh but dry, hard, and not good to eat. The cookies sat on the table so long that they became stale.
**stale**
280
v. To utter a word or a sound means to say it.
The lost boy was so scared that he could barely utter a single word.
**utter**
281
conj. You use although to say that one thing is contrasted by another. Although she was late, her friends gave her a warm welcome.
**although**
282
v. To apply something means to put it on.
She always applies makeup to her face before going outside.
**apply**
283
v. To await something means to wait for it.
The players awaited the referee's decision.
**await**
284
adj. When something is beloved, it is very special and you like it very much. The boy took a nap next to his beloved cat.
**beloved**
285
n. A climate is the usual weather in a place. The climate in the desert is very hot.
**climate**
286
v. When you complain, you say that you are unhappy about something. The workers complained that they were being treated unfairly.
**complain**
287
v. To confuse someone means to make them feel like they are unsure. The sign confused the traveler because it pointed in two directions.
**confuse**
288
adj. When something is due, it is expected to happen or be done at that time. The papers were due on the 19th.
**due**
289
v. To establish something means to create it.
He wanted to establish a club for people to help the Earth.
**establish**
290
n. A furnace is a place where heat is made.
Mr. Jones came to fix the furnace.
**furnace**
291
n. A leash is a rope or chain that is used to lead an animal.
Dogs must wear a leash to keep them from running away.
**leash**
292
v. To mature means to grow up to become an adult.
When they matured, they became as tall as their parents.
**mature**
293
v. To measure something means to find out the quality, value, or effect of it. The scientists carefully measured the amount of chemicals in the tubes.
**measure**
294
n. The midst of something is the middle of it.
She was in the midst of cleaning when the telephone rang.
**midst**
295
n. Misery is extreme suffering.
There was a lot of misery after Sam lost his dog.
**misery**
296
adj. Powerless means without power or authority.
I fear my father is powerless now.
**powerless**
297
adj. When something happened prior to something else, it happened earlier. Ron had to wait since he arrived prior to the scheduled meeting time.
**prior**
298
n. Research is close and careful study to discover new things.
Scientists did a lot of research on the subject of blood type.
**research**
299
n. A spaceship is a craft designed for spaceflight.
Many people want to travel into space by spaceship.
**spaceship**
300
# n
a group of many different kinds of something.
**variety**
| /vəˈraɪ.ə.t̬i/
## Footnote
There are a **variety** of flowers at the shop.
301
# adv
completely; in total; considering everything
**altogether**
| /ˌɑːl.təˈɡeð.ɚ/
## Footnote
The company stopped using sugar **altogether** in its food.
302
# V
to make people feel united together.
**bind**
| /baɪnd/
## Footnote
The victims of the flood were **bound** by their need to help each other.
**bind-bound-bound**
303
# N
a dark mark caused by being hit by something.
**bruise**
| /bruːz/
## Footnote
She got a **bruise** on her knee from falling down.
304
# n
a way of doing things that has been the same for a long time
**custom**
| /ˈkʌs.təm/
## Footnote
It is a **custom** that the bride and groom have the first dance.
305
# adj
When someone is ....., they do not follow the rules or instructions.
**disobedient**
| /ˌdɪs.əˈbiː.di.ənt/
## Footnote
The **disobedient** children didn't listen to their mother and had an accident.
306
# v
to know about something before it happens:
**foresee**
| /fɚˈsiː/
## Footnote
The teacher didn't **foresee** any problems with his large class.
(present participle **foreseeing** | past tense **foresaw** | past participle **foreseen**)
307
# V
to see something or someone for a very short time or only partly:
**glimpse**
| /ɡlɪmps/
## Footnote
She **glimpsed** outside the window as the plane was about to land.
308
# n
a ring that is made of plastic, metal, or wood.
**hoop**
| /huːp/
## Footnote
The boys tried to toss the ball through the basketball **hoop**.
309
# n
bad luck or an unlucky event.
**misfortune**
| /ˌmɪsˈfɔːr.tʃən/
## Footnote
His family helped him when he encountered **misfortune**.
310
# adj
unpleasant or sad.
**negative**
| /ˈneɡ.ə.t̬ɪv/
## Footnote
She doesn't like to say **negative** things about her friends.
311
# prep.
used when expressing rates, prices, or measurements to mean "for each":
**per**
| strong /pɝː/ weak /pɚ/
## Footnote
It costs eight dollars **per** person to watch the baseball game.
312
# V
to ask for something very badly.
**plead**
| /pliːd/
## Footnote
He **pleaded** for his parents to let him go to the soccer game.
(**pleaded** or US also **pled**)
313
# V
to pull something apart.
**rip**
| /rɪp/
## Footnote
She **ripped** the paper in half by accident.
314
# n
the reason for doing something.
**sake**
| /seɪk/
## Footnote
The parents worked hard for their children's **sake**.
315
# V
to rub something very hard with something sharp.
**scrape**
| /skreɪp/
## Footnote
I accidentally **scraped** the paint off the side of the car.
316
# n
the place something comes from or starts at, or the cause of something:
**source**
| /sɔːrs/
## Footnote
The river was the **source** of drinking water for the village.
317
# adj
very serious.
**stern**
| /stɝːn/
## Footnote
The **stern** teacher didn't allow the students to speak during class.
318
# V
to use a needle and thread to join pieces of cloth together.
**stitch**
| /stɪtʃ/
## Footnote
My grandmother **stitched** the pieces together to make a big blanket.
319
# n
the sound of a heavy object hitting something.
**thump**
| /θʌmp/
## Footnote
They heard the **thump** when the bowling ball hit the floor.
320
# adj
angry and emotional
**vehement**
| /ˈviː.ə.mənt/
## Footnote
Gina was **vehement** when she found out that Liz was bad in school.
321
# adj
sickly or not doing well.
**ailing**
| /ˈeɪ.lɪŋ/
## Footnote
Antonio's **ailing** health caused his head to hurt.
322
# adj
similar to each other.
**alike**
| /əˈlaɪk/
## Footnote
The brothers looked so much **alike** that it was impossible to tell one from the other.
323
# V
to disgust someone.
**appall**
| /əˈpɑːl/
## Footnote
Minerva was **appalled** when she read the email from her enemy.
(UK **appal**)
324
# V
to wash oneself with water.
**bathe**
| /beɪð/
## Footnote
The mermaid **bathed** herself in the ocean.
325
# n
the statistical study of human populations
**demography**
| /dɪˈmɑː.ɡrə.fi/
## Footnote
If you study **demography**, you'll see huge population growth in some areas of the world.
326
# n
a doctor's decision about the cause of an illness.
**diagnosis**
| /ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnoʊ.sɪs/
## Footnote
The vet's **diagnosis** was that our dog had a broken leg.
327
# n
a feeling of sadness and anxiousness.
**distress**
| /dɪˈstres/
## Footnote
We were in great **distress** when our home was destroyed during the last hurricane.
328
# n
a decline or a worsening in condition.
**dip**
| /dɪp/
## Footnote
The economy experienced a **dip** in the 1930s, leading many workers to lose their jobs.
329
# n
the area in a game in which plays are legal.
**bounds**
| /bɑʊnz/
## Footnote
If your ball lands outside the lines, it's out of **bounds**.
330
# V
To express an opinion about the good and the bad parts of something.
**critique**
| /krɪˈtiːk/
## Footnote
My job is to **critique** the food at various restaurants.
331
# n
a medical condition in which the body temperature is higher than usual
**fever**
| /ˈfiː.vɚ/
## Footnote
He had to miss school because he was sick with a **fever**.
332
# n
a type of hard hat that protects your head.
**helmet**
| /ˈhel.mət/
## Footnote
When exploring underground caves, it is important to always wear a **helmet**.
333
# n
a plant used for cooking or medicine.
**herb**
| /ɝːb/
## Footnote
I couldn't decide which **herb** I wanted to buy at the market.
334
# adj
angry and aggressive, and willing to fight easily.
**militant**
| /ˈmɪl.ə.tənt/
## Footnote
The woman delivered an angry, **militant** speech on the floor of the legislature.
335
# adj
worrying, serious, and scary.
**grim**
## Footnote
The boy made the **grim** discovery that he had accidentally deleted his homework.
336
# n
intestines, where food is processed after leaving the stomach.
**gut**
| /ɡʌt/
## Footnote
Thousands of bacteria live in your **gut** and help you digest food.
337
# n
an unexpected blessing which seems almost impossible, like a gift from heaven.
**miracle**
| /ˈmɪr.ə.kəl/
## Footnote
A **miracle** happened when Rosalita won over 60 million dollars in the lottery.
338
# V
to show or feel great sadness when you lose someone.
**mourn**
| /mɔːrn/
## Footnote
The entire family **mourned** their grandfather's death together.
339
# n
words or ideas that are silly or foolish.
**nonsense**
| /ˈnɑːn.sens/
## Footnote
The baby was talking **nonsense** into the phone.
340
# n
a doctor.
**physician**
| /fɪˈzɪʃ.ən/
## Footnote
The **physician** was a friendly man who did his best with all of his patients.
((UK usually **doctor**))
341
# n
a certain way of speaking that shows where a person is from.
**accent**
| /ˈæk.sənt/
## Footnote
The new teacher's **accent** was clearly a German one.
342
# n
a person whose job is to cut men's hair.
**barber**
| /ˈbɑːr.bɚ/
## Footnote
My hair is getting much too long. I'd better go to the **barber**'s shop.
343
# n
a house or building is a room that is built underground.
**basement**
| /ˈbeɪs.mənt/
## Footnote
They turned their **basement** into a game room.
344
# adj
empty or clear, or containing no information or mark:
**blank**
| /blæŋk/
## Footnote
She got a **blank** piece of paper to draw on.
345
# V
to shut the eyes and quickly open them again.
**blink**
| /blɪŋk/
## Footnote
I **blinked** many times so that my eyes could adjust to the bright light.
346
# n
a group of people who sing together.
**choir**
| /ˈkwaɪ.ɚ/
## Footnote
He had **choir** practice every day after school.
347
# adj
funny and making you want to laugh:
**comic**
| /ˈkɑː.mɪk/
## Footnote
The **comic** actor was famous for his jokes.
348
# V
difficult to analyze, understand, or explain
**complicate**
| /ˈkɑːm.plə.keɪ.t̬ɪd/
## Footnote
The bad weather **complicated** finishing the job quickly.
349
# V
to refuse:
| (formal)
**decline**
| /dɪˈklaɪn/
## Footnote
She **declined** his offer to pay for her dinner.
350
# n
a trip taken to do a specific activity.
**errand**
| /ˈer.ənd/
## Footnote
He couldn't go to practice because he had several **errands** to do.
351
# n
a piece of clothing that covers your fingers and hand.
**glove**
| /ɡlʌv/
## Footnote
When it gets cold, I always put on a pair of **gloves**.
352
# n
one who lives alone and does not spend time with others.
| ( especially for religious reasons)
**hermit**
| /ˈhɝː.mɪt/
## Footnote
The **hermit** lived a simple life in a small cave in the forest.
353
# n
a material made from animal skin that is used to make clothing.
**leather**
| /ˈleð.ɚ/
## Footnote
He got a new **leather** jacket for his birthday.
354
# adv
in a fair or morally correct way:
**justly**
| /ˈdʒʌst.li/
## Footnote
We **justly** decided to give the prize to him.
355
# V
to think carefully about something
| (especially for a noticeable length of time)
**ponder**
| /ˈpɑːn.dɚ/
## Footnote
She sat back for a minute to **ponder** her next move in the game.
356
# V
to keep something for a certain person or time.
**reserve**
| /rɪˈzɝːv/
## Footnote
He **reserved** a table at the busy restaurant.
357
# n
the words of a film or play.
**script**
| /skrɪpt/
## Footnote
He read the **script** of the play three times.
358
# V
to look for something or someone carefully.
**search**
| /sɝːtʃ/
## Footnote
I **searched** the newspaper for a new job.
359
# V
to close something hard.
**slam**
| /slæm/
## Footnote
She **slammed** the book shut after she finished reading it.
360
# n
a set of stairs found inside a building.
**staircase**
| /ˈster.keɪs/
## Footnote
The **staircase** leads directly into the kitchen.
361
# adj
experiencing physical or mental suffering or hardship
**afflicted**
| ə-ˈflik-təd
## Footnote
He was **afflicted** by pain in his right arm.
362
# n
a person who wrote a certain piece of writing.
**author**
| /ˈɑː.θɚ/
## Footnote
The **author** was hard at work on his next novel.
363
# n
a space between two things that people use to walk.
**aisle**
| /aɪl/
## Footnote
They were told to clear the **aisle** because the plane was about to land.
364
# n
the items carried by a ship or an airplane.
**cargo**
| /ˈkɑːr.ɡoʊ/
## Footnote
The **cargo** of the ship got wet when it started raining.
plural **cargoes** or **cargos**
365
# n
a failure to work correctly.
**breakdown**
| /ˈbreɪk.daʊn/
## Footnote
Her car had a **breakdown**, and she wasn't sure how to fix it.
366
# n
the air around the Earth where weather conditions form.
**atmosphere**
| /ˈæt.mə.sfɪr/
## Footnote
Scientists worry that harmful substances are hurting the **atmosphere**.
367
# V
to join two things together.
**connect**
| /kəˈnekt/
## Footnote
I **connected** the mouse to my laptop computer.
368
# abbreviation / adverb
short for "etcetera." It is used to refer to other unspecified objects.
**etc**.
| /etˈset̬.ər.ə/
## Footnote
She was going to bring treats to the party: cookies, muffins, cake, **etc**.
369
# V
to press a switch quickly to turn something on or off.
**flip**
| /flɪp/
## Footnote
To turn on the lights, just **flip** this switch.
370
# adj
not doing anything.
**idle**
| /ˈaɪ.dəl/
## Footnote
She read a book to keep from being **idle**.
371
# n
a part of a book that usually has a number or a title.
**chapter**
| /ˈtʃæp.tɚ/
## Footnote
The first **chapter** of a book usually introduces the main character of a story.
372
# n
A .... is 1000 years.
**millennium**
## Footnote
Stonehenge is believed to have been built about five **millennia** ago.
373
# n
a vegetable that is small, round, and green.
**pea**
| /piː/
## Footnote
His favorite food was **peas**./frozen/dried **peas**
...**pea** soup
374
# V
to tell someone officially about something:
**notify**
| /ˈnoʊ.t̬ə.faɪ/
## Footnote
The teacher **notified** us about a change to our assignment.
375
# n
a dried grape.
**raisin**
| /ˈreɪ.zən/
## Footnote
**Raisins** are one of my favorite snacks.
376
# V
to keep something
**retain**
| /rɪˈteɪn/
## Footnote
Even by the afternoon, the day had **retained** the morning's freshness.
377
# V
to say something in a definite way.
**state**
| /steɪt/
## Footnote
The president **stated** his opinion about the world's health concerns.
378
# n
a flat plate used to hold food.
**tray**
| /treɪ/
## Footnote
The waiter brought our food on a The waiter brought our food on a **tray**.
379
# adj
bad or unlucky.
**unfortunate**
| /ʌnˈfɔːr.tʃən.ət/
## Footnote
It was **unfortunate** that Dave's team lost, but he still had fun.
380
# adj
bright and colorful.
**vivid**
| /ˈvɪv.ɪd/
## Footnote
The figures in the painting were **vivid**.
381
# V
to have food come up from one's stomach.
**vomit**
| /ˈvɑː.mɪt/
## Footnote
It is common for women to **vomit** when they are pregnant.
382
# n
the desire to succeed and to become the best at something.
**ambition**
| /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/
## Footnote
His great **ambition** led him to try to climb the mountain alone.
383
# n
a vehicle that transports people in a medical emergency.
**ambulance**
| /ˈæm.bjə.ləns/
## Footnote
The **ambulance** sped through the street to get to the accident.
384
# n
An ... connects your leg to your foot.
**ankle**
| /ˈæŋ.kəl/
## Footnote
The man hurt his **ankle** while jogging in the park.
385
# n
a small wooden house in a forest or camping area.
**cabin**
| /ˈkæb.ɪn/
## Footnote
The man reached the mountain **cabin** after a long day of hiking along the river.
386
# n
a unit of heat used to measure how much energy a food will produce.
**calorie**
| /ˈkæl.ɚ.i/
## Footnote
My sister is on a low-**calorie** diet for fitness training.
387
# n
a chart that shows the days, weeks, and months of a year.
**calendar**
| /ˈkæl.ən.dɚ/
## Footnote
Marco used an online **calendar** to keep track of his schedule.
388
# n
an open space or hole underground or inside a mountain or cliff.
**cave**
| /keɪv/
## Footnote
A crystal blue lake could be found in the underground **cave**.
389
# adv
doing something on a continuous basis.
**constantly**
| /ˈkɑːn.stənt.li/
## Footnote
He was **constantly** checking his watch to see if he was late.
390
# n
a group of people at a meeting or an event who have something in common, especially the place they come from, that is not shared by other people at the event
**contingent**
| /kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/
## Footnote
The movie star stood in front of an entire **contingent** of photographers.
391
# n
a time or day by which something must be done:
**deadline**
| /ˈded.laɪn/
## Footnote
Marius had a short **deadline** in which to finish his report.
392
# V
to use strength or ability to do something.
**exert**
| /ɪɡˈzɝːt/
## Footnote
You **exert** a lot of energy when you lift weights.
393
# V
to be positioned at the side of something or someone.
**flank**
| /flæŋk/
## Footnote
The mayor entered the room **flanked** by her advisers.
394
# adj
To be fond of something means to cherish or like it.
**fond**
| /fɑːnd/
## Footnote
The mother cow was very **fond** of her lovely little calf.
395
# V
to order someone not to do something.
**forbid**
| /fɚˈbɪd/
## Footnote
After Robert used his crayons on the wall, his mother wanted to **forbid** him from using them at all!
(**forbid** - **forbade** or old use **forbad** | past participle **forbidden**)
396
# V
to carry something from place to place.
**haul**
| /hɑːl/
## Footnote
The porter said he'd **haul** our suitcases up to our hotel room
397
# V
to make something weaker or worse.
**impair**
| /ɪmˈper/
## Footnote
Regularly eating too much can **impair** your health.
398
# adj
to get angry or anxious when something takes too much time.
**impatient**
| /ɪmˈpeɪ.ʃənt/
## Footnote
The **impatient** teacher could not control the students in her classroom.
399
# adj
in the middle or center of something.
**mid**
| /mɪd/
## Footnote
Cassandra fell asleep **mid**-movie.
400
# n
the process of eating the right kind of food in order to stay healthy.
**nutrition**
| /nuːˈtrɪʃ.ən/
## Footnote
The mother always made sure that her baby had good **nutrition**.
401
# n
someone who has a lot of hope and always sees the bright side of things.
**optimist**
| /ˈɑːp.tə.mɪst/
## Footnote
Joe was an **optimist**, so he believed he would get the job that he wanted
402
# n
a person's education, family, and experience.
**background**
| /ˈbæk.ɡraʊnd/
## Footnote
The new teacher had a **background** in science and math.
403
# n
something used to trick a person or thing to do something.
**bait**
| /beɪt/
## Footnote
The best **bait** for catching fish is a big, fat worm.
404
# V
to record an event.
**chronicle**
## Footnote
The daily newspaper **chronicles** local and world events.
405
# n
a red-brown metal often used in electric wire and pipes.
**copper**
| /ˈkɑː.pɚ/
## Footnote
Ancient hunters melted **copper** to make knives and spears.
406
# n
an illness that causes specific problems.
**disease**
| /dɪˈziːz/
## Footnote
He had a **disease** that caused him to lose his hearing.
407
# n
the collection of beliefs and stories of a culture.
**folklore**
| /ˈfoʊk.lɔːr/
## Footnote
India's **folklore** has stories about great warriors written in long poems.
408
# V
to pass a disease to a person, animal, or plant:
**infect**
| /ɪnˈfekt/
## Footnote
The common cold **infects** hundreds of millions of people each year.
409
# V
to have an unpleasant feeling that you want to scratch.
**itch**
| /ɪtʃ/
## Footnote
The rough fabric in his shirt made his neck **itch**.
410
# n
written artistic works, especially those with a high and lasting artistic value:
**literature**
| /ˈlɪt̬.ɚ.ə.tʃɚ/
## Footnote
Early American **literature** covers the poetry and stories from 1500 to 1800.
411
# n
a traditional story that explains a culture's history and beliefs.
myth
| /mɪθ/
## Footnote
In Greece, there was a **myth** about a woman who had snakes for hair.
412
# V
to raise someone to a higher position or rank.
**promote**
| /prəˈmoʊt/
## Footnote
After two years at the company, she was **promoted** to manager.
413
# V
to have a connection with something.
**relate**
| /rɪˈleɪt/
## Footnote
A company's plan usually **relates** to how much profit it can make.
414
# n
a specific amount of money.
**sum**
| /sʌm/
## Footnote
He calculated the numbers to see what the **sum** of his bills would be.
415
# n
a belief in a god or gods.
**religion**
| /rɪˈlɪdʒ.ən/
## Footnote
“When one person suffers from a delusion, it is called insanity. When many people suffer from a delusion it is called a **Religion**.”[LINK](https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/175720-zen-and-the-art-of-motorcycle-maintenance)
416
# n
a person who works with a bank's customers.
**teller**
| /ˈtel.ɚ/
## Footnote
The **teller** at the bank helped Kelly put money into a savings account.
417
# adj
honest and truthful.
**trustworthy**
| /ˈtrʌstˌwɝː.ði/
## Footnote
Mary is one of the most **trustworthy** people I've ever met.
418
# V
to make something more modern.
update
| /ʌpˈdeɪt/
## Footnote
We need to **update** the programs on our computers.
419
# n
a tube in the body that carries blood toward the heart.
**vein**
| /veɪn/
## Footnote
The blue **veins** in my hand are just under my skin.
420
# n
a poisonous substance that comes from animals or plants.
**venom**
| /ˈvenəm/
## Footnote
A snake's **venom** can be used to cure the illnesses it creates.
421
# n
an act of giving help, usually money, to those who need it.
**charity**
| /ˈtʃer.ə.t̬i/
## Footnote
Thanks to his friends' **charity**, he had enough money to pay the rent.
422
# n
the activity of buying and selling things.
**commerce**
| /ˈkɑː.mɝːs/
## Footnote
The new shopping mall increased the **commerce** in that section of town.
423
# V
to give someone a specific punishment.
**condemn**
| /kənˈdem/
## Footnote
The judge **condemned** the criminal to five years in prison.
424
# adj
comfortable, warm, and relaxing.
**cozy**
| /ˈkoʊ.zi/
## Footnote
The thick blanket made the bed very **cozy**.
425
# V
to reduce something by a large amount so that there is not enough left especially supplies of energy, money, etc.
**deplete**
| /dɪˈpliːt/
## Footnote
All the driving he was doing was **depleting** his car's fuel supply.
426
# n
the money and businesses of a country or region.
**economy**
| /iˈkɑː.nə.mi/
## Footnote
The factory was good for the **economy** because it brought jobs to the area.
427
# n
a large group of countries ruled by an emperor or empress.
**empire**
| /ˈem.paɪr/
## Footnote
The emperor built roads to make travel easier throughout the **empire**.
428
# phrase [ plural ]
anything that can be bought or sold.
**goods**
| /ɡo͝odz/
## Footnote
Shoes, hats, dresses, and purses were the **goods** she wanted to buy.
429
# V
to obey or follow something.
**heed**
| /hiːd/
## Footnote
You should **heed** the advice on the sign and not drive so fast.
430
# V
to travel by asking for rides from passing vehicles.
**hitchhike**
| /ˈhɪtʃ.haɪk/
## Footnote
She didn't have a car, so she **hitchhiked** several miles to her brother's home.
431
# V
to tease someone in a cruel way.
**mock**
| /mɑːk/
## Footnote
The girls **mocked** Nancy because she was a new student.
432
# V
to treat someone badly.
**persecute**
| /ˈpɝː.sɪ.kjuːt/
## Footnote
Dan felt **persecuted** because he was smaller than the other boys at school.
433
# n
a person whose job was to copy written works.
**scribe**
| /skraɪb/
## Footnote
In ancient Egypt, **scribes** recorded important events.
434
# V
to make something smaller in size or fewer in number.
**reduce**
| /rɪˈduːs/
## Footnote
When the store **reduced** its prices, people wanted to shop there.
435
# adj
not help either of the two fighting sides.
**neutral**
| /ˈnuː.trəl/
## Footnote
The girl's friend remained **neutral** while the couple was arguing.
436
# n
the feeling of sadness and kindness for those who are suffering.
**pity**
| /ˈpɪt̬.i/
## Footnote
Because she had **pity** for the lost boy, she helped him find his parents.
437
the special chair in which a ruler sits.
**throne**
| /θroʊn/
## Footnote
Nobody except the king and queen sat in the **thrones** in the great hall.
438
# n
the state of people working together for a certain purpose.
**unity**
| /ˈjuː.nə.t̬i/
## Footnote
The project was finished early thanks to the **unity** of the workers.
439
# n
someone's mood or a chance that they might get angry.
**temper**
| /ˈtem.pɚ/
## Footnote
She has a **temper**. Even the slightest mistakes make her angry.
440
# n
a group or person that wins in a contest.
**victor**
| /ˈvɪk.tɚ/
## Footnote
At the end of the game, the blue team were the **victors**.
441
# adj
completely correct
**accurate**
| /ˈæk.jɚ.ət/
## Footnote
The story in the newspaper wasn't very **accurate**.
442
# V
to study something.
**analyze**
| /ˈæn.əl.aɪz/
## Footnote
The scientist will **analyze** the blood sample.
443
# n
a giant rock from outer space.
**asteroid**
| /ˈæs.tə.rɔɪd/
## Footnote
In 1908, a giant **asteroid** hit Siberia.
444
# V
to change over time.
**evolve**
| /ɪˈvɑːlv/
## Footnote
Many people think that humans **evolved** from animals.
445
# n
a fact or situation that influences the result of something:
**factor**
| /ˈfæk.tɚ/
## Footnote
Smoking is the main **factor** that causes lung cancer.
446
# n
a lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it affects or is important to many people:
**controversy**
| /ˈkɑːn.trə.vɝː.si/
## Footnote
There has been a lot of **controversy** over the judge's decision.
447
# adj
related to the genes in one's body.
**genetic**
| /dʒəˈnet̬.ɪk/
## Footnote
The color of one's eyes is **genetic**.
448
# n
the collection of all the genes in a living thing.
**genome**
| /ˈdʒiː.noʊm/
## Footnote
Understanding the human **genome** may help cure many diseases.
449
# adj
the same as someone or something else.
**identical**
| /aɪˈden.t̬ə.kəl/
## Footnote
James and John are **identical** twins.
450
# n
more than half of the people or things in a group.
**majority**
| /məˈdʒɔː.rə.t̬i/
## Footnote
A **majority** of the people voted for Tom Smith in the election.
451
# n
a very smart person.
**intellectual**
| /ˌɪn.t̬əlˈek.tʃu.əl/
## Footnote
We've always considered my Uncle Max to be the **intellectual** of the family.
452
# V
to make something stronger.
**reinforce**
| /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs/
## Footnote
Peter **reinforced** his opinion with information from a book.
453
# n
a dish with a round deep shape.
**bowl**
| /boʊl/
## Footnote
I put the fruit in the fruit **bowl**.
454
# n
making food ready to eat
**cooking**
| /ˈkʊk.ɪŋ/
## Footnote
I really enjoy **cooking**, especially Italian food.
455
# adj
very large
**vast**
| /væst/
## Footnote
The wealthy man bought a **vast** amount of land in the countryside.
456
# adj
badly affected by a disease or problem.
**stricken**
| /ˈstrɪk.ən/
## Footnote
The pilot landed the **stricken** airplane with difficulty.
457
# n
someone who does not eat any meat products.
**vegetarian**
| /ˌvedʒ.əˈter.i.ən/
## Footnote
I became a **vegetarian** because I don't like the taste of meat.
(UK informal **veggie**)
458
# adj
has a lot of things close together
**dense**
| /dens/
## Footnote
I easily became lost in the **dense** forest.
459
# n
the ability to be calm and worthy of respect.
**dignity**
| /ˈdɪɡ.ə.t̬i/
## Footnote
When his company went out of business, he faced it with **dignity**.
(**integrity**: the quality of being honest, truthful, and having strong moral principles")
460
# V
to control someone or something.
**dominate**
| /ˈdɑː.mə.neɪt/
## Footnote
The loud man **dominated** the conversation.
461
# adj
made of clay
**earthen**
| /ˈɝː.θən/
## Footnote
The house's roof was made of **earthen** tiles.
462
# adj
angry and unfriendly.
**hostile**
| /ˈhɑː.stəl/
## Footnote
We were happy to move away from our **hostile** neighbor.
463
# n
the amount of food you take into your body.
**intake**
| /ˈɪn.teɪk/
## Footnote
The doctor said I needed to increase my **intake** of fruits and vegetables.
464
# adj
wrong; not correct or not true:
incorrect
| /ˌɪn.kəˈrekt/
## Footnote
an **incorrect** answer/diagnosis
465
# n
medicine or drugs given to people who are sick.
**medication**
| /ˌmed.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/
## Footnote
The doctor gave me **medication** to treat my illness.
466
# n
a piece of equipment with several moving parts that uses power to do a particular type of work:
**machine**
| /məˈʃiːn/
## Footnote
The **machine** was broken.
467
# adv
in the same way:
**likewise**
| /ˈlaɪk.waɪz/
## Footnote
If Joe is not going to school so he can go swimming, I want to do **likewise**.
468
# V
to rule over someone in a cruel and unfair way.
**oppress**
| /əˈpres/
## Footnote
Free speech had been **oppressed** in his country.
469
# adj
not known to many people:
**obscure**
| /əbˈskjʊr/
## Footnote
The old man travels the world in search of **obscure** books.
470
# n
the children of a person or the babies of an animal.
**offspring**
| /ˈɑːf.sprɪŋ/
## Footnote
The dog's **offspring** had the same color of fur as she did.
471
# n
an animal that usually has hair and is not born from an egg.
**mammal**
| /ˈmæm.əl/
## Footnote
Even though they live in water, whales are actually **mammals**.
(from Latin **mamma** "breast, udder")
472
# V
to increase in number.
**multiply**
| /ˈmʌl.tə.plaɪ/
## Footnote
In the past year, the number of people at work has **multiplied** by ten percent.
473
# n
a substance used to kill insects.
**pesticide**
| /ˈpes.tə.saɪd/
## Footnote
The farmer sprayed his crops with a **pesticide** to keep bugs away.
474
# V
to control how something happens.
**regulate**
| /ˈreɡ.jə.leɪt/
## Footnote
The bank **regulates** how much money people can borrow.
475
# V
to remove fruits and vegetables skin.
**peel**
| /piːl/
## Footnote
He **peeled** the apple before eating it.
476
# n
permission from a doctor to get medicine.
**prescription**
| /prɪˈskrɪp.ʃən/
## Footnote
The doctor gave me a **prescription** for my medication.
477
# n
When you get better at what you are doing.
**progress**
| /ˈprɑː.ɡres/
## Footnote
There are clear signs of **progress**.
478
# adj
covered with sand.
**sandy**
| /ˈsæn.dɪ/
## Footnote
I love walking on a **sandy** beach.
479
# n
a situation in which there is not enough of something:
**shortage**
| /ˈʃɔːr.t̬ɪdʒ/
## Footnote
During the dry season, there was a **shortage** of water.
480
# n
a very hard building material made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones, and water:
**concrete**
| /ˈkɑːn.kriːt/
## Footnote
The man covered the ground with **concrete**.
481
# adj
If someone who makes decisions quickly.
**decisive**
| /dɪˈsaɪ.sɪv/
## Footnote
Our boss is very **decisive**, so it did not take long to organize the project.
482
# adj
highly respected:
**esteemed**
| /ɪˈstim/
## Footnote
An **esteemed** scientist is coming to the university to talk about his discoveries.
483
# adj
the right thing to do.
**ethical**
| /ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl/
## Footnote
Many people believe that it is **ethical** to help others in need.
484
# adj
If plants or animals are ...., there are none left.
**extinct**
| /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/
## Footnote
There used to be dinosaurs all over the world, but now they are **extinct**.
485
# adj
strong and can live through difficult conditions.
**hardy**
| /ˈhɑːr.di/
## Footnote
The farmer is a **hardy** man and doesn't mind working outside.
486
# n
an organization that is interested in research or teaching.
**institute**
| /ˈɪn.stə.tuːt/
## Footnote
I am going to a lecture about Ancient Rome at the Historical **Institute**.
487
# adj
very good at doing something
**skillful**
| /ˈskɪl.fəl/
## Footnote
The carpenter is very **skillful** at building houses.
488
# n
a vehicle that flies in the sky, such as an airplane or helicopter.
**aircraft**
| /ˈer.kræft/
## Footnote
At the museum in the airport, you can see a lot of old **aircraft**.
(plural **aircraft**)
489
# n
someone who is famous.
| (especially in the entertainment business)
**celebrity**
| /səˈleb.rə.t̬i/
## Footnote
It was the highlight of the evening when the **celebrities** arrived.
490
# n
a feeling of unhappiness and anger because someone has something or someone that you want:
**jealousy**
| /ˈdʒel.ə.si/
## Footnote
She felt a lot of **jealousy** when she saw her friend with a new car.
491
# adj
an area which covered with trees.
**wooded**
| /ˈwʊd.ɪd/
## Footnote
Jim and Ben decided to go hiking in the **wooded** area by the river.
492
# n
help or benefit.
**avail**
| /əˈveɪl/
## Footnote
His studying was to no **avail** because he failed the test.
493
# V
to clearly state, show, or explain what something is.
**define**
| /dɪˈfaɪn/
## Footnote
People **define** success in many different ways.
494
# V
to be afraid of something that could, or is going to, happen.
**dread**
| /dred/
## Footnote
I **dread** the possibility that I will not get into college.
495
# adj
a basic part of something.
**fundamental**
| /ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.t̬əl/
## Footnote
The **fundamental** rules of basketball are easy.
496
# V
to become bigger in size.
**expand**
| /ɪkˈspænd/
## Footnote
A balloon will **expand** as you blow air into it.
497
# adj
frightening and very unpleasant.
**horrifying**
| /ˈhɔːr.ə.faɪ.ɪŋ/
## Footnote
There was a **horrifying** car accident today.
498
# adj
not wanting or not able to believe something, and usually showing this:
**incredulous**
| /ɪnˈkredʒ.ə.ləs/
## Footnote
She was **incredulous** that monkeys could ever drive a car.
499
# n
a living thing, especially a very small one.
**organism**
| /ˈɔː.ɡən.ɪ.zəm/
## Footnote
We studied the organism under the microscope.
500
# V
to last for a long time.
**linger**
| /ˈlɪŋ.ɡɚ/
## Footnote
The smell of fresh cookies **lingered** in the bakery.
501
# V
to make someone else's writing or speech shorter.
**paraphrase**
| /ˈper.ə.freɪz/
## Footnote
The students were asked to **paraphrase** the story they had just heard.
502
# n
a very infectious disease caused by bacteria spread mainly by fleas (= small insects that bite) on rats or other animals, that causes swelling, fever, and usually death in humans :
**plague**
| /pleɪɡ/
## Footnote
A **plague** in Europe killed millions of people.
503
# adv
happening right now.
**presently**
| /ˈprez.ənt.li/
## Footnote
**Presently**, our profits are good, but by next year we can do even better.
504
# adj
it happens without any pattern or reason.
**random**
| /ˈræn.dəm/
## Footnote
Young children often ask **random** questions.
505
# n
a crowd that reacts to bad news by violently breaking laws.
**riot**
| /ˈraɪ.ət/
## Footnote
A **riot** broke out after the candidate lost the election.
506
# V
to write something quickly without caring about how it looks.
**scribble**
| /ˈskrɪb.əl/
## Footnote
I **scribbled** a rough diagram of our plan and gave it to him.
507
# n
a religious building built to honor a person, event, or god.
**shrine**
| /ʃraɪn/
## Footnote
He prayed at the **shrine** for an hour.
508
# n
the state of being totally alone.
**solitude**
| /ˈsɑː.lə.tuːd/
## Footnote
John lives a life of **solitude** because he doesn't get along well with people.
509
# adj
severe or clear in appearance or outline.
**stark**
| /stɑːrk/
## Footnote
There is a **stark** contrast between their test scores.
510
# V
to ask a person to come to you.
**summon**
| /ˈsʌm.ən/
## Footnote
We **summoned** the doctor as soon as we noticed she was sick.
511
# V
to get worse.
**worsen**
| /ˈwɝː.sən/
## Footnote
The weather suddenly **worsened**, and we had to stay inside.
512
# n
a car
**automobile**
| /ˈɑː.t̬ə.moʊ.biːl/
## Footnote
The first **automobiles** were very different from the ones that exist today.
(US old-fashioned auto)
513
# V
to move from one place to another
**migrate**
| /ˈmaɪ.ɡreɪt/
## Footnote
Many birds **migrate** to warmer countries in the winter.
514
# V
to care for something as it grows or develops.
**nurture**
| /ˈnɝː.tʃɚ/
## Footnote
Robert **nurtured** his plants, and that is why they grow so well.
515
# adv
located above you.
**overhead**
| /ˈoʊ.vɚ.hed/
## Footnote
As we sat on the top of the hill, a plane flew **overhead**.
516
# n
a belief about the correct way to behave.
**principle**
| /ˈprɪn.sə.pəl/
## Footnote
To maintain **principles**, it's vital to watch, listen, and speak carefully.
517
# adj
in, of, or like the countryside
**rural**
| /ˈrʊr.əl/
## Footnote
I want to live in a small house in a **rural** area.
518
# adj
far away from any other place.
**secluded**
| /səˈkluː.dɪd/
## Footnote
There was a **secluded** bench in the park.
519
# n
a type of plant or animal.
**species**
| /ˈspiː.ʃiːz/ /ˈspiː.siːz/
## Footnote
There are 21 different **species** of butterfly in this forest.
plural species
520
# n
a very wet area of land.
**swamp**
| /swɑːmp/
## Footnote
There are lots of wild animals living in the **swamp**.
521
# V
to move or travel through an area.
traverse
| /trəˈvɝːs/
## Footnote
The explorer **traversed** the desert alone on a camel.
522
# n
a subject in which people study animals.
**zoology**
| /zoʊˈɑː.lə.dʒi/
## Footnote
Helen wants to study **zoology** because she has always liked animals
523
# V
When you make it happen.
**cause**
| /kɑːz/
## Footnote
Tiredness **caused** the accident.
524
# adv
they act in a way that is suitable.
**accordingly**
| /əˈkɔːr.dɪŋ.li/
## Footnote
He feels like he did a good job and his boss should pay him **accordingly**.
525
# n
a heavy object dropped from a boat to make it stay in one place.
**anchor**
| /ˈæŋ.kɚ/
## Footnote
When the ship reached its destination, the crew dropped the **anchor**.
526
# n
the situations that form the background of an event.
**context**
| /ˈkɑːn.tekst/
## Footnote
They studied the **context** of the battle before giving their presentation.
527
# V
to say officially that a place or thing has a particular character or purpose:
**designate**
| /ˈdez.ɪɡ.neɪt/
## Footnote
The famous lighthouse was **designated** a historical monument.
528
# V
to lie about something, or pull or twist out of shape.
**distort**
| /dɪˈstɔːrt/
## Footnote
The man's lawyer **distorted** the facts so that he would be set free.
529
# n
an enclosed area where ships go to be loaded, unloaded, and repaired.
**dock**
| /dɑːk/
## Footnote
The huge ship pulled into the **dock**, and the crew unloaded the cargo.
530
# n
If you have a lot of ...., you have plenty of strength and can do lots of things.
**energy**
| /ˈen.ɚ.dʒi/
## Footnote
If you lack **energy**, try eating better food.
531
# adj
it happens or is done often.
**frequent**
| /ˈfriː.kwənt/
## Footnote
While Dad was sick, the doctor made **frequent** visits to his house.
532
# n
the part of a motor that controls the speed.
**gears**
| /ɡɪr/
## Footnote
My brother has a car with four **gears**.
533
# adj
true or real
**genuine**
| /ˈdʒen.ju.ɪn/
## Footnote
After the painting was determined to be **genuine**, it sold for a million dollars.
534
# n
an oily substance put on moving parts so they work smoothly, or oil or fat in cooking.
**grease**
| /ɡriːs/
## Footnote
When I was done working on the car, I had **grease** all over my hands.
535
# n
what you know.
**knowledge**
| /ˈnɑː.lɪdʒ/
## Footnote
He has trouble putting his **knowledge** into practice.
536
# V
you leave isomethingt out or do not do it.
**omit**
| /oʊˈmɪt/
## Footnote
I **omitted** some important information: he is not coming.
537
# V
to use one thing to cancel out the effect of another thing.
**offset**
| /ˌɑːfˈset/
## Footnote
Increased wages are **offset** by higher prices for goods.
The extra cost of travelling to work is **offset** by the lower price of houses here.
538
# V
to cover a piece of something.
**overlap**
| /ˌoʊ.vɚˈlæp/
## Footnote
The gift on top **overlaps** the other gift on the bottom.
Baseball season **overlaps** football season in September.
539
# adj
owned or used in the past by someone else:
**secondhand**
| /ˈsek·əndˈhænd/
## Footnote
Her **secondhand** jeans were a bit faded in the front.
540
# n
you are good at doing a job.
**skill**
| /skɪl/
## Footnote
She worked with great **skill** and confidence.
541
# adj
helpful, useful, or good
**beneficial**
| /ˌben.əˈfɪʃ.əl/
## Footnote
Drinking milk every day is **beneficial** for your bones.
542
# n
a narrow opening in a machine or container.
**slot**
| /slɑːt/
## Footnote
To operate the machine, put your coins into the **slot**.
543
# n
a place where a person is born or where something started.
**birthplace**
| /ˈbɝːθ.pleɪs/
## Footnote
China is the **birthplace** of chopsticks.
544
# n
a careful plan to achieve something.
**tactic**
| /ˈtæk.tɪk/
## Footnote
Sam thought of a good **tactic** to attract more business.
545
# n
the total amount that can be contained or produced
**capacity**
| /kəˈpæs.ə.t̬i/
## Footnote
The parking lot has reached its full **capacity**.
546
# adj
being judged based on something else.
**comparative**
| /kəmˈper.ə.t̬ɪv/
## Footnote
The money that John has is **comparative** to that of most other adults.
547
# adj
If something is .........., it has all the details about something else.
**comprehensive**
| /ˌkɑːm.prəˈhen.sɪv/
## Footnote
The teacher gave us a **comprehensive** review for the exam.
548
# V
to protect something from being ruined or used completely.
**conserve**
| /kənˈsɝːv/
## Footnote
The group worked to **conserve** the beauty of Europe's national parks.
549
# adj
extremely important
**crucial**
| /ˈkruː.ʃəl/
## Footnote
Clean air is **crucial** to the survival of humans, plants, and animals.
550
# adj
increasing by one addition after another:
**cumulative**
| /ˈkjuː.mjə.lə.t̬ɪv/
## Footnote
The **cumulative** snowfall in the area is fifty centimeters per year.
551
# V
to leave something somewhere
**deposit**
| /dɪˈpɑː.zɪt/
## Footnote
I **deposited** the money into my bank account.
552
# V
to give something to a number of people.
**distribute**
| /dɪˈstrɪb.juːt/
## Footnote
The teacher **distributed** crayons and markers to her students.
553
# n
an imaginary line that splits the Earth into north and south.
**equator**
| /ɪˈkweɪ.t̬ɚ/
## Footnote
The **equator** crosses the northern part of South America.
554
# adj
something unusual because it is from far away.
**exotic**
| /ɪɡˈzɑː.t̬ɪk/
## Footnote
Rebecca tried many **exotic** foods on her trip to Africa.
555
# adj
relates to the government of a country.
**federal**
| /ˈfed.ɚ.əl/
## Footnote
Sometimes **federal** laws are different from state laws.
556
# n
the way that something is made.
**formation**
| /fɔːrˈmeɪ.ʃən/
## Footnote
The **formation** of ice happens when water freezes.
557
# n
the number of times that something happens.
**frequency**
| /ˈfriː.kwən.si/
## Footnote
The **frequency** of rainstorms is very high, especially during the spring.
558
# n
a goal or plan that someone has.
**objective**
| /əbˈdʒek.tɪv/
## Footnote
My **objective** this week is to finish my homework by 7:30 every night.
559
# n
a gas that all living things need to breathe.
**oxygen**
| /ˈɑːk.sɪ.dʒən/
## Footnote
She thinks there is more **oxygen** in the air in the country than in the city.
(symbol **O**)
560
# n
a forest that is in a place where it rains very often.
**rainforest**
| /ˈreɪn.fɔːr.ɪst/
## Footnote
The **rainforest** is home to many animals.
561
# n
a plan for how to do something.
**strategy**
| /ˈstræt̬.ə.dʒi/
## Footnote
The team came up with a **strategy** to win the game.
562
# n
a person who is competing to win something such as a job.
**candidate**
| /ˈkæn.dɪ.dət/ /ˈkæn.dɪ.deɪt/
## Footnote
Alice is the best **candidate** for the job.
563
# adj
must be kept secret.
**confidential**
| /ˌkɑːn.fəˈden.ʃəl/
## Footnote
The information from the meeting is **confidential**.
564
# adj
related to a large business.
**corporate**
| /ˈkɔːr.pɚ.ət/
## Footnote
Tom enjoys working in the **corporate** world.
565
# V
to make something better.
**enhance**
| /ɪnˈhæns/
## Footnote
Amy's blue shirt really **enhances** the color of her eyes.
566
# n
a period of time that has something special about it.
**era**
| /ˈɪr.ə/
## Footnote
During the medieval **era**, knights wore protective armor.
567
# n
a rule about how to do something.
**guideline**
| /ˈɡaɪd.laɪn/
## Footnote
Before they began the project, the teacher gave them some **guidelines**.
568
# V
to add something to another thing.
**incorporate**
| /ɪnˈkɔːr.pɚ.eɪt/
## Footnote
I decided to **incorporate** a new ingredient into my cake recipe.
569
# V
to talk to or do something with another person.
**interact**
| /ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈækt/
## Footnote
The kids began to **interact** when the adults left the room.
570
# n
the time between two things happening.
**interval**
| /ˈɪn.t̬ɚ.vəl/
## Footnote
Tony rested for brief **intervals** while he worked in the yard.
571
# adj
it can be moved easily.
**mobile**
| /ˈmoʊ.bəl/
## Footnote
**Mobile** phones are convenient because you can use them anywhere.
572
# V
to change something a little bit.
**modify**
| /ˈmɑː.də.faɪ/
## Footnote
I **modified** my outfit by adding a belt to it.
573
# adj
If two things are ..., they are the same distance away from each other (along their entire length).
**parallel**
| /ˈper.ə.lel/
## Footnote
There are two yellow **parallel** lines dividing both sides of traffic.
574
# n
something that can be seen as it is happening.
**phenomenon**
| /fəˈnɑː.mə.nɑːn/
575
# V
to make air, water, or land dirty, unclean, or foul.
**pollute**
| /pəˈluːt/
## Footnote
The careless factory **polluted** the river with chemicals.
576
# V
to make fun of something in a mean way.
**ridicule**
| /ˈrɪd.ə.kjuːl/
## Footnote
The other students **ridicule** Peter's foreign accent.
577
# adj
related to the sun.
**solar**
| /ˈsoʊ.lɚ/
## Footnote
Using **solar** energy is good for the environment.
rom Latin solaris, from sol sun
Greek hēlios
578
# n
a piece of land that belongs to a country but isn't a state.
**territory**
| /ˈter.ə.tɔːr.i/
## Footnote
Gibraltar is a **territory** of Great Britain.
579
# n
a competition, usually with many people participating.
**tournament**
| /ˈtɝː.nə.mənt/ /ˈtʊr.nə.mənt/
## Footnote
My dad is playing in a golf **tournament** tomorrow.
580
# n
any type of vehicle that can carry people or things.
**transportation**
| /ˌtræn.spɚˈteɪ.ʃən/
## Footnote
I don't have a car, so my normal **transportation** is the train.
581
# n
a statement of money owed for goods or for a service.
**bill**
| /bɪl/
## Footnote
I have so many **bills** that I do not know how to pay them all.
582
# n
the line where one area of land stops and another begins.
**boundary**
| /ˈbaʊn.dər.i/
## Footnote
This fence shows the **boundary** between our yard and yours.
583
# n
a situation that is confusing and not ordered.
**chaos**
| /ˈkeɪ.ɑːs/
## Footnote
His presentation was in **chaos**. I couldn't understand what he meant.
584
# adj
always have the same behavior or attitude.
**consistent**
| /kənˈsɪs.tənt/
## Footnote
Sara comes in every day and is our most **consistent** worker.
585
# n
a large storm with heavy rain and winds that spin in a circle.
**cyclone**
| /ˈsaɪ.kloʊn/
## Footnote
Hundreds of homes were damaged by the **cyclone**.
Greek kyklōma wheel, coil
586
# n
a person who receives the money or property of someone who dies.
**heir**
| /er/
## Footnote
The princess was the **heir** to the king and queen's throne.
587
# adj
going to fail or be destroyed.
**doomed**
| /duːmd/
## Footnote
Since I spent all my money, my date with Jane is **doomed**.
588
# adj
related to fighting or war.
**martial**
| /ˈmɑːr.ʃəl/
## Footnote
Karate is a **martial** art that began many years ago in Japan.
589
# adj
food grown without adding chemicals to it.
**organic**
| /ɔːrˈɡæn.ɪk/
## Footnote
The **organic** carrots are more expensive, but they're better for you.
590
# n
a bird, such as a chicken, that is used for meat and eggs.
**poultry**
| /ˈpoʊl.tri/
## Footnote
He raises **poultry** and sells their meat for extra money.
591
# V
to move somewhere quickly and desperately.
**scramble**
| /ˈskræm.bəl/
## Footnote
The hikers **scrambled** down the side of the hill.
592
# n
a soldier or police officer of middle rank.
**sergeant**
| /ˈsɑːr.dʒənt/
## Footnote
He was promoted to **sergeant** after a year in the army.
(written abbreviation **Sgt**); (informal **sarge**)
593
# adj
complete and total.
**sheer**
| /ʃɪr/
## Footnote
I was impressed by her **sheer** dedication to jogging.
594
# n
an attitude about an issue that someone states clearly.
**stance**
| /stæns/
## Footnote
My **stance** is that using oil and gas is bad for the environment.
595
# n
a method of sending electric messages on wires
**telegraph**
| /ˈtel.ə.ɡræf/
## Footnote
In the 1900s, the **telegraph** was the fastest way to send a message.
596
# n
cloth that has been woven or knitted.
**textile**
| /ˈtek.staɪl/
## Footnote
The blue **textile** was going to be used to make blouses.
597
# n
a tube-shaped formation of air that spins very quickly
**tornado**
| /tɔːrˈneɪ.doʊ/
## Footnote
During a **tornado**, the safest place to be is underground.
plural **tornadoes** or **tornados** (US informal also **twister**)
598
# n
a large tropical storm that moves in circles.
**typhoon**
| /taɪˈfuːn/
## Footnote
Thousands of people lost electricity after a **typhoon** hit Australia.
from Arabic ṭūfān hurricane, from Greek typhōn violent storm
599
v. To wail is to show sadness by crying loudly. The baby wailed because it was hungry.
**wail**
| /weɪl/
600
# n
the collection of all of a person's clothing.
**wardrobe**
| /ˈwɔːr.droʊb/
## Footnote
She bought some new clothes to expand her **wardrobe**.
