Book 5 Flashcards
n
scent or smell
aroma
/əˈroʊ.mə/
I love the aroma of coffee in the morning.
n
a drink
beverage
/ˈbev.ɚ.ɪdʒ/
The waiter brought our beverages first. Then he brought our food.
n
a small group of things placed close together.
cluster
/ˈklʌs.tɚ/
She held a large cluster of grapes in her hand.
(A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity)
V
to join together to make a single thing or group.
combine
/kəmˈbaɪn/
Mina combined peanut butter and jelly to make a sandwich.
adj
When a liquid is …., it is made thicker.
condensed
/kənˈdenst/
One way to make a dessert thick and sweet is to use condensed milk.
adj
related to the present time.
contemporary
/kənˈtem.pə.rer.i/
Contemporary scientists have learned quite a bit about DNA.
V
to care for plants and help them grow.
cultivate
/ˈkʌl.tə.veɪt/
A research company is cultivating new kinds of rice to aid poor countries.
adj
related to gods.
divine
/dɪˈvaɪn/
Legends say that music was given to humans as a divine gift from the gods.
adj
When there is a lot of water in the air.
humid
/ˈhjuː.mɪd/
It is very humid inside a sauna.
n
a very distinct smell
odor
/ˈoʊ·dər/
He knew there was a leak when he noticed the strong odor of natural gas.
odour UK formal
n
the top part of the mouth.
palate
/ˈpæl.ət/
You can touch your palate with your tongue.
n
the place or condition of happiness where things are perfect.
paradise
/ˈper.ə.daɪs/
My vacation in Hawaii was like being in paradise.
n
a big farm that only grows certain kinds of crops.
plantation
/plænˈteɪ.ʃən/
In the 1800s, there were many cotton plantations in the southern US.
adj
When something is …, it moves or changes very quickly.
rapid
/ˈræp.ɪd/
His mother was surprised by her son’s rapid growth.
n
the speed at which something happens.
rate
/reɪt/
Grass tends to grow at a very slow rate.
adj
When something is …., it makes you calm or relaxed.
soothing
/ˈsuː.ðɪŋ/
The soothing music helped the baby fall asleep.
adj
not easy to see or notice.
subtle
/ˈsʌt̬.əl/
The handsome man has a subtle smile.
n
the way something surface looks and feels.
texture
/ˈteks.tʃɚ/
The texture of a rock found in the water is typically very smooth.
adj
poisonous and very dangerous.
toxic
/ˈtɑːk.sɪk/
Please check the label to see if the product is toxic.
V
to be different from another thing in size or amount.
vary
/ˈver.i/
The heights of the people in my class vary by a large amount.
n
someone who controls many military ships.
admiral
/ˈæd.mər.əl/
They won the sea battle because of the admiral’s great leadership.
a curved shape.
arc
/ɑːrk/
A rainbow is an arc of colored bands across the sky.
n
your personality.
character
/ˈker.ək.tɚ/
My sister’s character is fun and very outgoing.
n
your inner sense of what is right and wrong.
conscience
I recycle everything I can, so my conscience is clear!
V
succeed in getting away from a place.
escape
/ɪˈskeɪp/
She tried to escape from the building.
adj
If something is …, it is burning strongly.
fiery
/ˈfaɪə.ri/
The fiery blaze burned all night long.
the muscle and fat on your body.
n
flesh
/fleʃ/
The zebra’s flesh is covered by black and white skin.
n
a fruit similar to an orange, but bigger and not as sweet.
grapefruit
/ˈɡreɪp.fruːt/
Would you like a grapefruit with your breakfast?
plural grapefruit or grapefruits
dry grass used to feed animals and can be used for different purposes.
hay
/heɪ/
I need to buy some more hay for the horse to eat.
adj
very shocked and feel upset.
horrified
/ˈhɔːr.ə.faɪd/
I was horrified when I read about the old lady who was attacked.
a type of oil used in some lamps and stoves.
kerosene
/ˈker.ə.siːn/
Many people in poor countries cook on kerosene stoves.
n
a line made into the shape of a circle.
loop
/luːp/
He made a loop with the rope and placed it over the post.
n
nearest the center and with an equal number of things on each side.
middle
/ˈmɪd.əl/
I suddenly woke up in the middle of the night.
n
a piece of wood or plastic that moves a boat across water.
paddle
/ˈpæd.əl/
Put your paddle in the water and pull hard to make the boat move.
adj
sharp and unpleasant taste.
sour
/saʊr/
I don’t like lemons because I think they are too sour.
n
a small, sharp piece of wood or metal that is put into the ground.
stake
/steɪk/
We marked our property by placing stakes into the ground.
n
a person like a waiter who serves food on planes and ships.
steward
/ˈstuː.ɚd/
The steward is bringing some tea.
n
a thin piece of fabric or rope
string
/strɪŋ/
I found a large ball of string.
n
a sharp part of a plant.
thorn
/θɔːrn/
Be careful of the thorns when you pick the roses!
V
to destroy or ruin something.
wreck
/rek/
The teenagers wrecked the house for no reason at all.
V
to tell them someone disapprove of their behavior.
admonish
/ədˈmɑː.nɪʃ/
The teacher admonished Mark because he was chewing gum in class.
adj
able to be heard.
audible
/ˈɑː.də.bəl/
The sound of the drums was audible from miles away.
adj
impressive or frightening
awesome
/ˈɑː.səm/
The huge military plane was an awesome sight.
V
to be careful of something or someone that is dangerous.
beware
/bɪˈwer/
You should beware of driving fast on wet roads.
to talk of one’s abilities or achievements in a proud way.
brag
/bræɡ/
He had strong muscles and bragged about them to the entire class.
aware of something.
conscious
/ˈkɑːn.ʃəs/
The new student was conscious of the other students staring at her.
V
to have a different opinion from someone.
disagree
/ˌdɪs.əˈɡriː/
The lawyers disagreed about the best way to settle the case.
V
To repeat a sound itself because it bounced off an object.
echo
/ˈek.oʊ/
The child yelled over the canyon, and the sound echoed off the wall.
plural echoes
adj
it happens at the end of a series of events.
eventual
/ɪˈven.tʃu.əl/
The constant training and planning led the team to an eventual victory.
n
A … is information that suggests something will happen or is true.
hint
/hɪnt/
I quietly passed on a hint to my sister about the test.
adj
a person who is not smart or who has done something silly.
idiot
/ˈɪd.i.ət/
Because he got lost in the forest, the man felt like an idiot.
adj
very large
immense
/ɪˈmens/
An immense amount of money was needed to buy such a large boat.
adj
not the easiest or straightest way
indirect
/ˌɪn.dɪˈrekt/
He chose to take the most indirect route to the coast.
n
a choice between two or more things.
option
/ˈɑːp.ʃən/
The children were given the option of three houses to pick from.
n
an activity that you do often for fun
pastime
/ˈpæs.taɪm/
In the US, baseball is considered a national pastime.
adj
without any mistakes
perfect
/ˈpɝː.fekt/
She got all the questions right, so her score was perfect.
V
to locate something exactly.
pinpoint
/ˈpɪn.pɔɪnt/
The navigation system in my car is able to pinpoint my exact location.
V
to change something to something else.
switch
/swɪtʃ/
Mom switched the TV station from the news to her favorite show.
adj
complete or done carefully
thorough
/ˈθɝː.ə/
Tina did a thorough job of cleaning the stains out of the carpet.
V
to cause someone to suffer on purpose.
torment
/ˈtɔːr.ment/
She tormented her little brother by taking his favorite toy.
adj
sudden or unexpected
abrupt
/əˈbrʌpt/
When the dancer fell down on her beck, the ballet came to an abrupt stop.
n
severe pain or suffering
agony
/ˈæɡ.ə.ni/
The boy yelled in agony when the puppy bit him.
n
someone who murders an important person
assassin
/əˈsæs.ən/
An assassin killed Martin Luther King on April 4, 1968.
n
hair that grows on a mans chin and cheeks
beard
/bɪrd/
The farmer had a long beard, as white as snow.
n
a large and dangerous animal
beast
/biːst/
Tanzania is home to many famous beasts, such as lions, leopards, and hyenas.
n
a room that is part of a larger building and is used for Christian worship
chapel
/ˈtʃæp.əl/
We were married in a smal wedding chapel in Las Vegas
n
a person who gives opinions or describes something, often on TV or the radio
commentator
/ˈkɑː.mən.teɪ.t̬ɚ/
According to many commentators, this winter is has been one of the coldest in the last century.
V
to trick a person into doing something or giving up money
con
It was unfair of the fortune teller to con me out of 500 dollars
n
a general agreement among a group of people
consensus
/kənˈsen.səs/
The consensus among the children was that ghosts exist
n
a secret plan that two or more people make together to do somethin harmful or legal
conspiracy
/kənˈspɪr.ə.si/
The businessman thought there was a compiracy among his coworkers to get him fred.
n
an uprising in which people try to overthrow the government.
coup
/kuː/
At the end of the 18 century, Napoleon Bonaparte staged a coup to overthrow a group that had control of france
V
To be unwilling to believe that people have good intention
cynical
/ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/
The man became cynical after being led to many times.
n
a curved roof of building
dome
/doʊm/
I looked up at the dome to admire its beauty
V
to say something loudly, suddenly and excloedly
exclaim
/ɪkˈskleɪm/
The singer interrupted the applause to exclaim his thanks after his performance.
n
an open public place in which meetings are held
forum
/ˈfɔːr.əm/
The scientist shared her research at a special forum in the city.
plural forums or fora
n
relating to riches, wealth, and beauty
glamour
/ˈɡlæm.ɚ/
The young woman showed off her glamour during the photo shoot.
(US glamor)
V
to bother or attack someone repeatedly.
harass
/həˈræs/
The young girl would often harass her baby brother.
V
to light something and make it brighter
illuminate
/ɪˈluː.mə.neɪt/
In order to illuminate the stage, the crew turned on the spotlight.
V
to provoke or intensify something
inflame
The tax increase will inflame the public’s frustration with the government.
n
set of musical notes that form the main part of a song
melody
/ˈmel.ə.di/
I had the melody of the song stuck in my head all day
adv
if you do something …, you do it for a short time.
awhile
/əˈwaɪl/
Wait here awhile, and I’ll bring some tea
n
the imaginary place on the internet where activities occur
cyberspace
/ˈsaɪ.bɚ.speɪs/
I didn’t receive your anal. It probably got lost in cyberspace
V
To correct a piece of writing that so that is suitable to be published
edit
/ˈed.ɪt/
She asked her brother to edit her paper before she submitted it to her teacher
n
a short piece of writing on a certain subject
essay
/ˈes.eɪ/
She had to write a two-page essay for her English class.
(US paper)
V
to study something, so a desition can be made
evaluate
/ɪˈvæl.ju.eɪt/
Jo and Ken evaluated the plan and agreed that it would work.
V
To go unconscious and fall down
faint
/feɪnt/
Carol fainted because she hadn’t eaten in over a day.
adj
If something …, it happens all around the world
global
/ˈɡloʊ.bəl/
Pollution is a global problem.
n
a buiding with equipment that you can use to get exercise
gymnasium
/dʒɪmˈneɪ.zi.əm/
When I go to the gymnasium, I use the treadmill for twenty minutes.
V
to mark something with a color so that it is easy to see
highlight
/ˈhaɪ.laɪt/
I read my vocabulary list and highlighted the most difficult words.
adj
no having knowledge about something
ignorant
/ˈɪɡ.nɚ.ənt/
I’m a bit ignorant about his theories. Can you explain them to me?
n
a lot of words at the end of a book that gives information.
index
/ˈɪn.deks/
If you look in the index, you’ll find the right page number.
(plural indices UK) (US indexes)
n
a long, educational speech
lecture
/ˈlek.tʃɚ/
His lecture on world hunger was very informative.
n
the message at the end of a story that teaches you something.
moral
/ˈmɔːr.əl/
At the end of the story, the mother explained the moral to her children.
V
to work or function
operate
/ˈɑː.pə.reɪt/
I’m sorry, but the trains are not operating today.
adj
only used by one person or group
private
/ˈpraɪ.vət/
Don’t look at my diary! It’s private!
adj
When something is happened a short time ago.
recent
/ˈriː.sənt/
I did not know what had caused his recent behavior
n
a personal decision
resolution
/ˌrez.əˈluː.ʃən/
At New Year I made a list of resolutions to help me have a better year
n
a portion of a school year
semester
/səˈmes.tɚ/
Jack is in his second semester of college
adj
is written on a computer or typewriter
typewritten
/ˈtaɪpˌrɪt̬.ən/
This is an important, formal project and must be typewritten.
adj
very strange
weird
/wɪrd/
My best friend’s dad is a bit weird.
V
to get used to something
accustom
/əˈkʌs·təm/
I find it difficult to accustom myself to new time zones when travel around the world
adj
the most dominant or has the highest rank
alpha
/ˈæl.fə/
The largest lion was the alpha male of the pack
V
to awaken interest or attention in someone.
arouse
/əˈraʊz/
The politician’s words were meant to arouse the protestors anger.
adj
ability to express ideas clearly and effectively
articulate
/ɑːrˈtɪk.jə.lət/
Alfred’s friends lowed talking to him because he was so articulate and intelligent
V
to show excitement about something
buzz
/bʌz/
Seoul buzzes from dawn til dusk.
V
to fight or argue over something
clash
/klæʃ/
The sisters often clash over the right way to do things.
n
putting things into categories or groups that have things in common.
classification
/ˌklæs.ə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/
According to scientific classification, a duck-billed platypus is an egg-laying mammal.
V
to hold onto something tightly
cling
/klɪŋ/
A mother sloth will cling tightly to her baby in the treetops.
n
the act of following a rule or doing what you are supposed to do
compliance
/kəmˈplaɪ.əns/
The bratty child never shows compliance with her mother’s rules.
(also compliancy)
V
to understand something.
comprehend
/ˌkɑːm.prəˈhend/
The player could not comprehend why he lost the game.
V
to gether in one place.
congregate
/ˈkɑːŋ.ɡrə.ɡeɪt/
Seeing a group of bads congregate in the sky is an awesome sight.
n
the right to take care of someone or something.
custody
/ˈkʌs.tə.di/
The prisoners were put in the custody of the jailers.
to scatter everywhere
disperse
/dɪˈspɝːs/
I watched the peoplo disperse in all directions to avoid the charging buli.
V
to symbolize or represent something
embody
/ɪmˈbɑː.di/
Mother Teresa was said to embody goodness and kindness.
adj
involving scientific proof and evidence
empirical
/emˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl/
Scientists must always find empirical evidence in their work
n
the act of keeping someone out of a group
exclusion
/ɪkˈskluː.ʒən/
People gathered together to protest the exclusion of immigrants from our country.
V
to gather in one place
flock
/flɑːk/
Groups of birds will flock to the river in the spring
V
(of animals) to eat grass, or to cause animals to feed on grass
graze
/ɡreɪz/
The sheep and goats like to graze on the grass outside the village.
adj
very smart.
intelligent
/ɪnˈtel.ə.dʒənt/
The intelligent student graduated from high school with the highest marks in his class.
n
A type of forest, where trees and plants grew very close together
jungle
/ˈdʒʌŋ.ɡəl/
Many kinds of animals, including birds, reptiles, and even elephants live in a jungle
n
an arrangement to keep one’s money with a bank
account
/əˈkaʊnt/
After I paid for the new car, my bank account was nearly empty
n
a person who design buildings
architect
/ˈɑːr.kə.tekt/
The plans for building the new home were drawn by a famous architect.
V
to hide something
conceal
/kənˈsiːl/
You should conceal your money so no one can take it from you
n
If someone commits a …, he or she does something bad that can be punished by law
crime
/kraɪm/
Police quickly arrived at the scene of the crime.
a certificate that proves that someone owns something
deed
/diːd/
When she bought the car, she was given a deed to show the car was here.
n
a feeling of being thankful
gratitude
/ˈɡræt̬.ə.tuːd/
The kids showed Aunt Tess much gratitude for visiting them.
n
the home of animals or plants
habitat
/ˈhæb.ə.tæt/
Frogs are often found in a wet habitat, such as near a lake, rive or pand
V
to help stop a problem between two people or groups
intervene
/ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈviːn/
The students argued until the teacher intervened.
n
an object that helps people find or remember a location
landmark
/ˈlænd.mɑːrk/
The tall tree was used as a landmark for people to find the road to the inn.
adj
related to the law or allowed by the law
legal
/ˈliː.ɡəl/
It was not legal for him to drive until he was 18 years old
adj
remembered for a special reason
memorable
/ˈmem.ər.ə.bəl/
The party was memorable people was still talking about it years later.
V
to require someone to do something
oblige
/əˈblaɪdʒ/
If I wanted to have playtime. I was obliged to clean my room once a week
n
an action that breaks the law and requires punishments
offense
/əˈfens/
He was put in jail for two days for the offense.
V
to say something in public
proclaim
/proʊˈkleɪm/
The army general preclaimed that the war was won.
n
a large public meeting in order to support something
rally
/ˈræl.i/
The school had a rally in the gym to support the basketball team.
V
to find a solution
resolve
/rɪˈzɑːlv/
She resolved the problem with her children by giving them both a toy.
n
a person’s or country’s money and materials that they can use
resource
/ˈriː.sɔːrs/ /ˈriː.zɔːrs/
The poor man didn’t have the resources to feed himself.
n
A punishment given to someone who did follow the law
sentence
/ˈsen.təns/
The sentence for stealing a car is much worse than for stealing candy.
V
to offer to do something for free.
volunteer
/ˌvɑː.lənˈtɪr/
Many people volunteered to help the adults learn to read.
n
someone who sees or hears a crime or accident happen.
witness
/ˈwɪt.nəs/
The woman was the only witness of the horrible crime.
n
the right to enter or use something
access
/ˈæk.ses/
The manager was the only person with access to the password
n
the way that someone act
conduct
/kənˈdʌkt/
She was punished for her bad conduct.
adj
happens a lot or all the time
constant
/ˈkɑːn.stənt/
The television at home is in constant use.
n
a narrow space between the parts of something broken.
crack
/kræk/
The old window was covered with cracks.
n
an object or a machine
device
/dɪˈvaɪs/
A thermometer is a device that tells temperature.
V
to surround something
enclose
/ɪnˈkloʊz/
The cows in the field were enclosed by a fence.
V
to hold something very tight
grip
/ɡrɪp/
I was scared, so I gripped my older sister’s hand.
v
to stop moving
halt
/hɑːlt/
The criminal halted when he saw the police coming
adg
if something is going to happen soon.
impending
/ɪmˈpen.dɪŋ/
The student was nervous about her impending test.
V
to have an effect on someone or something
influence
/ˈɪn.flu.əns/
My friend influenced my decision to attend Terrance University
n
a rule made by the legislative body.
law
/lɑː/
The students learned about different laws during social studies class
n
a settinger condition on a machine
mode
/moʊd/
Melissa turned the TV to quiet mode while she talked on the phone.
V
to sweat
perspire
/pɚˈspaɪɚ/
I usually perspire a lot when I am at athletics practice.
V
to put something in the place of something else
replace
/rɪˈpleɪs/
I replaced the tie on my car because it was flat
V
to break something suddenly, which can cause a loud noise
snap
/snæp/
I took the drumstick and snapped it with my hands
adj
sneaky or good at tricking people
sly
/slaɪ/
The sly fox stole the eggs from the nest.
V
to be likely to do something or to do it often
tend
/tend/
My mom tends to buy me the perfect gift each Christmas.
adj
correct or based on good reasoning.
valid
/ˈvæl.ɪd/
The expert’s opinion on the subject was more valid than others.
n
an account of something that differ slightly from the original
version
/ˈvɝː.ʒən/
She read the students British version of the Chinese fairy tale.
adv
used after a negative phrase to add emphasis to the idea that is being expressed
whatsoever
/ˌwɑːt.soʊˈev.ɚ/
The boy had no idea whatsoever how to finish the story.
(also whatever)
adv
next to something.
alongside
/əˈlɑːŋ.saɪd/
We work alongside each other in the office.
n
your hunger for food
appetite
/ˈæp.ə.taɪt/
Tom has a big appetite. He eats all the time.
V
to help someone.
assist
/əˈsɪst/
Andrew assisted me with my homework.
n
a soft wind
breeze
/briːz/
The breeze caused the leaves to fall off the tree.
V
to work against someone or refuse to do what they say.
defy
/dɪˈfaɪ/
The students got into trouble for defying their teacher’s rules.
V
to show something, especially by putting it in a certain place.
display
/dɪˈspleɪ/
The museum displayed many wonderful paintings.
adj
not wasting energy
efficient
/ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/
My car is very efficient. I rarely have to buy gas.
adj
small or weak
feeble
/ˈfiː.bəl/
The boy was too feeble to carry the object very far.
V
to stop being angry with someone.
forgive
/fɚˈɡɪv/
Sandra forgave Peter after he said he was sorry.
(forgive-forgave-forgiven)
adj
having a lot of energy.
lively
/ˈlaɪv.li/
Jennifer is very lively. she’s always running and playing.
adj
large and impressive.
majestic
/məˈdʒes.tɪk/
The rich people lived in a big, majestic house.
conj
You use … to connect two negative ideas.
.
nor
/nɔːr/
I eat neither apples nor oranges. I don’t like either one
adj
very angry
outraged
/ˈaʊt.reɪdʒd/
My father was outraged when he saw that I had crashed his car.
adj
they believe that the worst will happen.
pessimistic
/ˌpes.əˈmɪs.tɪk/
John is pessimistic. He always thinks something bad will happen.
n
The …. between two or more people is the way in which they behave toward each other.
.
relationship
/rɪˈleɪ.ʃən.ʃɪp/
The teacher was proud of her good relationship with the students
V
to hit someone with the palm of the hand
slap
/slæp/
Out of anger, Helen slapped Eunice on the face.
V
to break something into many small pieces.
smash
/smæʃ/
Jacob smashed the window with a rock.
adj
Someone who achieves what they intended to achieve.
successful
/səkˈses.fəl/
My father is a successful businessman.
n
the money that a person gets for doing a job.
wage
/weɪdʒ/
The wages I receive from my job are really great!
conj
You use …. to show how two things are different.
whereas
/werˈæz/
My sister loves horror movies, whereas I prefer comedies.
adj
When something is …., it has life.
animate
/ˈæn.ə.mət/
Rocks and machines are not animate things.
V
to divide things or people into groups according to their type, or to say which group or type something or someone belongs to
classify
/ˈklæs.ə.faɪ/
The biologist classified the plant as a completely new species.
V
to admit against your wish that something is true.
concede
/kənˈsiːd/
The student conceded that he had cheated on the test.
n
an idea about something.
concept
/ˈkɑːn.sept/
I learned some concepts about molecules before working in the science lab.
V
to make or build something.
construct
/kənˈstrʌkt/
The men used wood and metal to construct a house.
n
a period of ten years.
decade
/ˈdek.eɪd/
She celebrated her three decades of work with the company.
n
a simple drawing that explains what something is or how it works. .
diagram
/ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡræm/
By following the diagram, I was able to put the desk together
n
a boat that carries passengers over short distances.
ferry
/ˈfer.i/
The ferry took the people across the lake.
(also ferry boat)
adj
useful
handy
/ˈhæn.di/
An eraser is handy if you make a lot of mistakes.
V
to separate one person or thing from a group.
isolate
/ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/
The teacher isolated the bad child from the class before talking with her.
n
a strong feeling of wanting.
longing
/ˈlɑːŋ.ɪŋ/
Since he skipped breakfast, he had a longing for food all morning.
adj
If something is …., there are many of those things.
numerous
/ˈnuː.mə.rəs/
It was hard to drive fast since there were numerous holes in the road.
n
a very small piece of something.
particle
/ˈpɑːr.t̬ə.kəl/
The bottles of wine were covered in a layer of dust particles.
n
a request that is urgent or emotional.
plea
/pliː/
The poor, hungry man made a plea for food.
V
to avoid doing something.
refrain
/rɪˈfreɪn/
The doctor asked Mary to refrain from eating fast food as part of her diet.
n
a formal inspection of something by people in authority.
review
/rɪˈvjuː/
The government ordered a careful review of the economic situation.
adj
If someone is …., they know many things about the world.
sophisticated
/səˈfɪs.tə.keɪ.t̬ɪd/
Jake is one of the most sophisticated people I’ve ever met.
V
to give something up.
surrender
/səˈren.dɚ/
The thief surrendered the money to the police when he was caught.
adj
standing up straight.
upright
/ˈʌp.raɪt/
Meerkats can’t walk like humans, but they can stand upright.
adj
important or useful.
worthwhile
/ˌwɝːθˈwaɪl/
On his visit to Canada, he realized studying English was worthwhile.
n
a group of people who work together.
alliance
/əˈlaɪ.əns/
The junior executives formed an alliance with each other.
n
the noise made when people clap their hands to show approval.
applause
At the end of his speech, everyone burst into loud applause.
adj
adj. If you are armed, you are carrying a weapon.
The robber was armed with a gun.
armed
adj. If something is authoritative, it uses the best information available. This book is an authoritative source on ancient Egypt’s Queen Nefertiti.
authoritative
n. Bravery is brave behavior.
The books commended the general’s bravery.
bravery
n. A ceremony is an event that happens on special occasions. Tom and Amy’s marriage ceremony is in June.
ceremony
n. Culture is the music, art, and writings of a certain place or group of people. Ancient Mexican culture is renowned for its architecture.
culture
n. A defense is something that is done to protect another thing.
The air force works in defense of its country.
defense
n. A detail is a small piece of information.
Jane told Ben all the details of her trip to China.
detail
adj
When a group of things is …., it is made up of a wide variety of things.
diverse
Big cities have diverse populations with people of different races and ages.
v. To enchant someone is to make them feel very interested or happy. The beautiful woman enchanted everybody in the room.
enchant
v. To equip someone is to give them the things needed to do something. Steve was equipped with the tools needed to do the job.
equip
n. An exception is someone or something not conforming to a rule. Most students thought the test was hard, but Tim was the exception.
exception
n. A genre is a type of literature, art, or music characterized by its style. She is considered a master in the comedy genre.
genre
n. An impact is the effect someone or something has. My grandmother had a great impact on my life.
impact
v. To lure someone is to convince them to do something by using a trick. The store lures people in with big signs that say “Sale!”
lure
n. An obstacle is an object or a problem that stops you from doing something. Climbing over the giant rock was the biggest obstacle for the hikers.
obstacle
n. A shelter is a place to go that is safe from danger or bad weather. The frog took shelter from the storm in a nearby hold.
shelter
to give people what they want or need
supply
The water heater supplied the house with warm water.
adj. If people are vain, they are only concerned with how they look. Rebecca is so vain that she looks at herself in every mirror.
vain
n. An alternative is something that you can choose instead of your first choice.
Her first plan to make extra money seemed weak, so she chose an alternative.
alternative
n. An avenue is a road, often a large one with buildings on each side.
Drive down this avenue and then turn left to get to the park.
avenue
n. The belly is the stomach of a person or animal.
His belly was full because he had eaten a lot of food.
belly
n. A bid to do something is an attempt to do it.
He made a bid to become the university’s next president.
bid
v. To blow means to move air or move something through the air, as in the wind.
The wind is blowing very hard today. We should stay inside.
blow
n. A conflict is a fight between different people or groups.
The two nations had a conflict over which one could use the water in the river.
conflict
n. A continent is one of the seven large areas of land on the Earth.
Asia is the largest continent.
continent
n. A current is a steady and constant flow of air or water in a river or ocean. The ocean currents took the ship far off into the sea.
current
n. Disrespect is rudeness or behavior that shows a lack of respect.
He showed disrespect by arguing with his boss during a meeting.
disrespect
n. Enthusiasm is a very strong good feeling about something.
The crowd showed their enthusiasm for the soccer team by cheering loudly.
enthusiasm
harsh [ha:]
adj. When something is harsh, it is very unpleasant. The desert can be a very harsh environment.
harsh
v. To lean is to bend in a particular direction.
The woman leaned against the counter because she was tired.
lean
meantime [mi:ntaim]
n. The meantime is the time between two events.
Ted began setting the table. In the meantime, I began preparing the food.
meantime
mischief [mistfif]
n. Mischief is behavior that is meant to trick or cause trouble for people. Ben was up to mischief when he persuaded Ken to paint his face.
mischief
n. Muscle is a mass of tissue attached to bone that helps you move. She went to the gym in order to make her muscles stronger.
muscle
v. To rescue someone means to remove them from danger. The firefighter rescued the man from the burning building.
rescue
n. A succession is a number of things that follow one after the other. The student said the letters of the alphabet in succession.
succession
n. The terrain is the land and all of its physical features or parts. The terrain below was rocky and full of hills.
terrain
adj. If someone is timid, they are afraid, shy, or nervous.
The timid child hides behind her mother whenever she sees a stranger.
timid
n. Violence is forceful action that is meant to injure or kill people.
The boy hit his brother in an act of violence.
violence
v. To affect someone or something is to have an influence over them. The student’s poor attitude affected the other students in the class.
affect
n. An autograph is the written name of a famous person. Everybody wanted the movie star’s autograph.
autograph
n. A bead is a drop of liquid.
Beads of water collected on the outside of the glass.
bead
v. To brew coffee or tea means to pour hot water over it. Please brew a fresh pot of coffee.
brew
v. To charm someone is to please them with your personality. Gail charmed everyone with her humorous stories.
charm
n. A destiny is all the things that happen or will happen to a person in their life. It was his destiny to become a great singer.
destiny
n. Equipment consists of the things which are used for a specific purpose. The factory produces a wide range of high-tech equipment.
equipment
n. A horn is a device that makes a loud noise.
The boy honked his horn as he rode his bicycle past the house.
horn
adj. When someone is irritable, they become annoyed or angry very easily. She is irritable when she doesn’t get enough sleep.
irritable
v. To lag behind is to move slowly behind other moving objects.
The girl on rollerblades lagged behind the little girl on the bicycle.
lag
n. A nightmare is a bad or scary dream.
The girl was scared to go back to sleep because she had had a nightmare.
nightmare
adj. When something is nutritious, it helps the body stay healthy. Mangoes are one of the most nutritious fruits in the world.
nutritious
n. Protein is a substance that is necessary for the body to grow and be strong. Fish and beef are good sources of protein.
protein
n. A signature is your name, when you write it in your own way.
I put my signature at the end of the letter.
signature
n. Stuff is a word used to refer to things without mentioning the things by name. We gave a lot of stuff to the charity.
stuff
adj. When something is subconscious, it is done without thinking about it. Breathing is one of the subconscious things that the body does.
subconscious
n. A van is a vehicle that is used for carrying things. It is smaller than a truck. The delivery company uses large vans to deliver packages.
van
v. To warn someone is to make them know of possible danger in the future. The lifeguard warned people to stay away from the rough ocean.
warn
n. A workout is an exercise routine that helps improve health.
She doesn’t do her workout on the weekends.
workout
v. To zoom is to move quickly.
The cars zoomed along the road.
zoom
n. A brick is a block of hard clay that is used for building things, such as walls. There were several bricks scattered on the ground.
brick
v. To crumble means to break or fall apart into small pieces.
The old house’s walls crumbled into a pile of rock and wood.
crumble
n. Dough is a mixture of flour and water that becomes bread when baked. I made heart-shaped cookies from the dough.
dough
v. To express a feeling or idea means to show others how one thinks or feels. The nurse expressed her sympathy for the sick patient.
express
n. A fist is a hand with fingers bent in toward the palm.
The bully made a fist and threatened to hit the small boy.
fist
adj. If something is flexible, then it can bend easily without breaking.
The tree branch was so flexible it could be bent into a circle and not break.
flexible
v. To flush means the face becomes red due to heat, illness, or emotion.
After the long race, the runner’s face was flushed.
flexible
v. To injure someone means to damage a part of their body.
The car crash injured two people.
flexible
n. A lump is a small piece of something that is solid.
The artist took a lump of clay and turned it into a beautiful pot.
lump
n. A mixture is something that is made by mixing other things together. The walls were built using a mixture of water, rock, and dirt.
mixture
v. To reconcile means to return to a friendly relationship.
After arguing, the two friends were reconciled with each other.
reconcile
v. To ruin something means to harm or damage it greatly. Our walk in the park was ruined by the sudden rain.
ruin
v. To shatter something means to break it suddenly into many tiny pieces. When the ball hit the window, the glass shattered.
shatter
n. Shutters are wooden or metal covers in front of a window.
Mr. Smith closed the shutters every night to make his bedroom dark.
shutter
v. To sift something means to remove all the large pieces.
The baker sifted the flour into a large bowl.
sift
adj. If something is slight, then it is small or minor.
There was only a slight change in the little boy’s height.
slight
v. To sparkle means to shine brightly with quick flashes of light. The stars sparkled in the winter night’s sky.
sparkle
v. To sprinkle means to scatter something all over something else. He sprinkled the pasta with salt and black pepper.
sprinkle
adj. If food is stale, then it is not fresh but dry, hard, and not good to eat. The cookies sat on the table so long that they became stale.
stale
v. To utter a word or a sound means to say it.
The lost boy was so scared that he could barely utter a single word.
utter
conj. You use although to say that one thing is contrasted by another. Although she was late, her friends gave her a warm welcome.
although
v. To apply something means to put it on.
She always applies makeup to her face before going outside.
apply
v. To await something means to wait for it.
The players awaited the referee’s decision.
await
adj. When something is beloved, it is very special and you like it very much. The boy took a nap next to his beloved cat.
beloved
n. A climate is the usual weather in a place. The climate in the desert is very hot.
climate
v. When you complain, you say that you are unhappy about something. The workers complained that they were being treated unfairly.
complain
v. To confuse someone means to make them feel like they are unsure. The sign confused the traveler because it pointed in two directions.
confuse
adj. When something is due, it is expected to happen or be done at that time. The papers were due on the 19th.
due
v. To establish something means to create it.
He wanted to establish a club for people to help the Earth.
establish
n. A furnace is a place where heat is made.
Mr. Jones came to fix the furnace.
furnace
n. A leash is a rope or chain that is used to lead an animal.
Dogs must wear a leash to keep them from running away.
leash
v. To mature means to grow up to become an adult.
When they matured, they became as tall as their parents.
mature
v. To measure something means to find out the quality, value, or effect of it. The scientists carefully measured the amount of chemicals in the tubes.
measure
n. The midst of something is the middle of it.
She was in the midst of cleaning when the telephone rang.
midst
n. Misery is extreme suffering.
There was a lot of misery after Sam lost his dog.
misery
adj. Powerless means without power or authority.
I fear my father is powerless now.
powerless
adj. When something happened prior to something else, it happened earlier. Ron had to wait since he arrived prior to the scheduled meeting time.
prior
n. Research is close and careful study to discover new things.
Scientists did a lot of research on the subject of blood type.
research
n. A spaceship is a craft designed for spaceflight.
Many people want to travel into space by spaceship.
spaceship
n
a group of many different kinds of something.
variety
/vəˈraɪ.ə.t̬i/
There are a variety of flowers at the shop.
adv
completely; in total; considering everything
altogether
/ˌɑːl.təˈɡeð.ɚ/
The company stopped using sugar altogether in its food.
V
to make people feel united together.
bind
/baɪnd/
The victims of the flood were bound by their need to help each other.
bind-bound-bound
N
a dark mark caused by being hit by something.
bruise
/bruːz/
She got a bruise on her knee from falling down.
n
a way of doing things that has been the same for a long time
custom
/ˈkʌs.təm/
It is a custom that the bride and groom have the first dance.
adj
When someone is ….., they do not follow the rules or instructions.
disobedient
/ˌdɪs.əˈbiː.di.ənt/
The disobedient children didn’t listen to their mother and had an accident.
v
to know about something before it happens:
foresee
/fɚˈsiː/
The teacher didn’t foresee any problems with his large class.
(present participle foreseeing | past tense foresaw | past participle foreseen)
V
to see something or someone for a very short time or only partly:
glimpse
/ɡlɪmps/
She glimpsed outside the window as the plane was about to land.
n
a ring that is made of plastic, metal, or wood.
hoop
/huːp/
The boys tried to toss the ball through the basketball hoop.
n
bad luck or an unlucky event.
misfortune
/ˌmɪsˈfɔːr.tʃən/
His family helped him when he encountered misfortune.
adj
unpleasant or sad.
negative
/ˈneɡ.ə.t̬ɪv/
She doesn’t like to say negative things about her friends.
prep.
used when expressing rates, prices, or measurements to mean “for each”:
per
strong /pɝː/ weak /pɚ/
It costs eight dollars per person to watch the baseball game.
V
to ask for something very badly.
plead
/pliːd/
He pleaded for his parents to let him go to the soccer game.
(pleaded or US also pled)
V
to pull something apart.
rip
/rɪp/
She ripped the paper in half by accident.
n
the reason for doing something.
sake
/seɪk/
The parents worked hard for their children’s sake.
V
to rub something very hard with something sharp.
scrape
/skreɪp/
I accidentally scraped the paint off the side of the car.
n
the place something comes from or starts at, or the cause of something:
source
/sɔːrs/
The river was the source of drinking water for the village.
adj
very serious.
stern
/stɝːn/
The stern teacher didn’t allow the students to speak during class.
V
to use a needle and thread to join pieces of cloth together.
stitch
/stɪtʃ/
My grandmother stitched the pieces together to make a big blanket.
n
the sound of a heavy object hitting something.
thump
/θʌmp/
They heard the thump when the bowling ball hit the floor.
adj
angry and emotional
vehement
/ˈviː.ə.mənt/
Gina was vehement when she found out that Liz was bad in school.
adj
sickly or not doing well.
ailing
/ˈeɪ.lɪŋ/
Antonio’s ailing health caused his head to hurt.
adj
similar to each other.
alike
/əˈlaɪk/
The brothers looked so much alike that it was impossible to tell one from the other.
V
to disgust someone.
appall
/əˈpɑːl/
Minerva was appalled when she read the email from her enemy.
(UK appal)
V
to wash oneself with water.
bathe
/beɪð/
The mermaid bathed herself in the ocean.
n
the statistical study of human populations
demography
/dɪˈmɑː.ɡrə.fi/
If you study demography, you’ll see huge population growth in some areas of the world.
n
a doctor’s decision about the cause of an illness.
diagnosis
/ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnoʊ.sɪs/
The vet’s diagnosis was that our dog had a broken leg.
n
a feeling of sadness and anxiousness.
distress
/dɪˈstres/
We were in great distress when our home was destroyed during the last hurricane.
n
a decline or a worsening in condition.
dip
/dɪp/
The economy experienced a dip in the 1930s, leading many workers to lose their jobs.
n
the area in a game in which plays are legal.
bounds
/bɑʊnz/
If your ball lands outside the lines, it’s out of bounds.
V
To express an opinion about the good and the bad parts of something.
critique
/krɪˈtiːk/
My job is to critique the food at various restaurants.
n
a medical condition in which the body temperature is higher than usual
fever
/ˈfiː.vɚ/
He had to miss school because he was sick with a fever.
n
a type of hard hat that protects your head.
helmet
/ˈhel.mət/
When exploring underground caves, it is important to always wear a helmet.
n
a plant used for cooking or medicine.
herb
/ɝːb/
I couldn’t decide which herb I wanted to buy at the market.
adj
angry and aggressive, and willing to fight easily.
militant
/ˈmɪl.ə.tənt/
The woman delivered an angry, militant speech on the floor of the legislature.
adj
worrying, serious, and scary.
grim
The boy made the grim discovery that he had accidentally deleted his homework.
n
intestines, where food is processed after leaving the stomach.
gut
/ɡʌt/
Thousands of bacteria live in your gut and help you digest food.
n
an unexpected blessing which seems almost impossible, like a gift from heaven.
miracle
/ˈmɪr.ə.kəl/
A miracle happened when Rosalita won over 60 million dollars in the lottery.
V
to show or feel great sadness when you lose someone.
mourn
/mɔːrn/
The entire family mourned their grandfather’s death together.
n
words or ideas that are silly or foolish.
nonsense
/ˈnɑːn.sens/
The baby was talking nonsense into the phone.
n
a doctor.
physician
/fɪˈzɪʃ.ən/
The physician was a friendly man who did his best with all of his patients.
((UK usually doctor))
n
a certain way of speaking that shows where a person is from.
accent
/ˈæk.sənt/
The new teacher’s accent was clearly a German one.
n
a person whose job is to cut men’s hair.
barber
/ˈbɑːr.bɚ/
My hair is getting much too long. I’d better go to the barber’s shop.
n
a house or building is a room that is built underground.
basement
/ˈbeɪs.mənt/
They turned their basement into a game room.
adj
empty or clear, or containing no information or mark:
blank
/blæŋk/
She got a blank piece of paper to draw on.
V
to shut the eyes and quickly open them again.
blink
/blɪŋk/
I blinked many times so that my eyes could adjust to the bright light.
n
a group of people who sing together.
choir
/ˈkwaɪ.ɚ/
He had choir practice every day after school.
adj
funny and making you want to laugh:
comic
/ˈkɑː.mɪk/
The comic actor was famous for his jokes.
V
difficult to analyze, understand, or explain
complicate
/ˈkɑːm.plə.keɪ.t̬ɪd/
The bad weather complicated finishing the job quickly.
V
to refuse:
(formal)
decline
/dɪˈklaɪn/
She declined his offer to pay for her dinner.
n
a trip taken to do a specific activity.
errand
/ˈer.ənd/
He couldn’t go to practice because he had several errands to do.
n
a piece of clothing that covers your fingers and hand.
glove
/ɡlʌv/
When it gets cold, I always put on a pair of gloves.
n
one who lives alone and does not spend time with others.
( especially for religious reasons)
hermit
/ˈhɝː.mɪt/
The hermit lived a simple life in a small cave in the forest.
n
a material made from animal skin that is used to make clothing.
leather
/ˈleð.ɚ/
He got a new leather jacket for his birthday.
adv
in a fair or morally correct way:
justly
/ˈdʒʌst.li/
We justly decided to give the prize to him.
V
to think carefully about something
(especially for a noticeable length of time)
ponder
/ˈpɑːn.dɚ/
She sat back for a minute to ponder her next move in the game.
V
to keep something for a certain person or time.
reserve
/rɪˈzɝːv/
He reserved a table at the busy restaurant.
n
the words of a film or play.
script
/skrɪpt/
He read the script of the play three times.
V
to look for something or someone carefully.
search
/sɝːtʃ/
I searched the newspaper for a new job.
V
to close something hard.
slam
/slæm/
She slammed the book shut after she finished reading it.
n
a set of stairs found inside a building.
staircase
/ˈster.keɪs/
The staircase leads directly into the kitchen.
adj
experiencing physical or mental suffering or hardship
afflicted
ə-ˈflik-təd
He was afflicted by pain in his right arm.
n
a person who wrote a certain piece of writing.
author
/ˈɑː.θɚ/
The author was hard at work on his next novel.
n
a space between two things that people use to walk.
aisle
/aɪl/
They were told to clear the aisle because the plane was about to land.
n
the items carried by a ship or an airplane.
cargo
/ˈkɑːr.ɡoʊ/
The cargo of the ship got wet when it started raining.
plural cargoes or cargos
n
a failure to work correctly.
breakdown
/ˈbreɪk.daʊn/
Her car had a breakdown, and she wasn’t sure how to fix it.
n
the air around the Earth where weather conditions form.
atmosphere
/ˈæt.mə.sfɪr/
Scientists worry that harmful substances are hurting the atmosphere.
V
to join two things together.
connect
/kəˈnekt/
I connected the mouse to my laptop computer.
abbreviation / adverb
short for “etcetera.” It is used to refer to other unspecified objects.
etc.
/etˈset̬.ər.ə/
She was going to bring treats to the party: cookies, muffins, cake, etc.
V
to press a switch quickly to turn something on or off.
flip
/flɪp/
To turn on the lights, just flip this switch.
adj
not doing anything.
idle
/ˈaɪ.dəl/
She read a book to keep from being idle.
n
a part of a book that usually has a number or a title.
chapter
/ˈtʃæp.tɚ/
The first chapter of a book usually introduces the main character of a story.
n
A …. is 1000 years.
millennium
Stonehenge is believed to have been built about five millennia ago.
n
a vegetable that is small, round, and green.
pea
/piː/
His favorite food was peas./frozen/dried peas
…pea soup
V
to tell someone officially about something:
notify
/ˈnoʊ.t̬ə.faɪ/
The teacher notified us about a change to our assignment.
n
a dried grape.
raisin
/ˈreɪ.zən/
Raisins are one of my favorite snacks.
V
to keep something
retain
/rɪˈteɪn/
Even by the afternoon, the day had retained the morning’s freshness.
V
to say something in a definite way.
state
/steɪt/
The president stated his opinion about the world’s health concerns.
n
a flat plate used to hold food.
tray
/treɪ/
The waiter brought our food on a The waiter brought our food on a tray.
adj
bad or unlucky.
unfortunate
/ʌnˈfɔːr.tʃən.ət/
It was unfortunate that Dave’s team lost, but he still had fun.
adj
bright and colorful.
vivid
/ˈvɪv.ɪd/
The figures in the painting were vivid.
V
to have food come up from one’s stomach.
vomit
/ˈvɑː.mɪt/
It is common for women to vomit when they are pregnant.
n
the desire to succeed and to become the best at something.
ambition
/æmˈbɪʃ.ən/
His great ambition led him to try to climb the mountain alone.
n
a vehicle that transports people in a medical emergency.
ambulance
/ˈæm.bjə.ləns/
The ambulance sped through the street to get to the accident.
n
An … connects your leg to your foot.
ankle
/ˈæŋ.kəl/
The man hurt his ankle while jogging in the park.
n
a small wooden house in a forest or camping area.
cabin
/ˈkæb.ɪn/
The man reached the mountain cabin after a long day of hiking along the river.
n
a unit of heat used to measure how much energy a food will produce.
calorie
/ˈkæl.ɚ.i/
My sister is on a low-calorie diet for fitness training.
n
a chart that shows the days, weeks, and months of a year.
calendar
/ˈkæl.ən.dɚ/
Marco used an online calendar to keep track of his schedule.
n
an open space or hole underground or inside a mountain or cliff.
cave
/keɪv/
A crystal blue lake could be found in the underground cave.
adv
doing something on a continuous basis.
constantly
/ˈkɑːn.stənt.li/
He was constantly checking his watch to see if he was late.
n
a group of people at a meeting or an event who have something in common, especially the place they come from, that is not shared by other people at the event
contingent
/kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/
The movie star stood in front of an entire contingent of photographers.
n
a time or day by which something must be done:
deadline
/ˈded.laɪn/
Marius had a short deadline in which to finish his report.
V
to use strength or ability to do something.
exert
/ɪɡˈzɝːt/
You exert a lot of energy when you lift weights.
V
to be positioned at the side of something or someone.
flank
/flæŋk/
The mayor entered the room flanked by her advisers.
adj
To be fond of something means to cherish or like it.
fond
/fɑːnd/
The mother cow was very fond of her lovely little calf.
V
to order someone not to do something.
forbid
/fɚˈbɪd/
After Robert used his crayons on the wall, his mother wanted to forbid him from using them at all!
(forbid - forbade or old use forbad | past participle forbidden)
V
to carry something from place to place.
haul
/hɑːl/
The porter said he’d haul our suitcases up to our hotel room
V
to make something weaker or worse.
impair
/ɪmˈper/
Regularly eating too much can impair your health.
adj
to get angry or anxious when something takes too much time.
impatient
/ɪmˈpeɪ.ʃənt/
The impatient teacher could not control the students in her classroom.
adj
in the middle or center of something.
mid
/mɪd/
Cassandra fell asleep mid-movie.
n
the process of eating the right kind of food in order to stay healthy.
nutrition
/nuːˈtrɪʃ.ən/
The mother always made sure that her baby had good nutrition.
n
someone who has a lot of hope and always sees the bright side of things.
optimist
/ˈɑːp.tə.mɪst/
Joe was an optimist, so he believed he would get the job that he wanted
n
a person’s education, family, and experience.
background
/ˈbæk.ɡraʊnd/
The new teacher had a background in science and math.
n
something used to trick a person or thing to do something.
bait
/beɪt/
The best bait for catching fish is a big, fat worm.
V
to record an event.
chronicle
The daily newspaper chronicles local and world events.
n
a red-brown metal often used in electric wire and pipes.
copper
/ˈkɑː.pɚ/
Ancient hunters melted copper to make knives and spears.
n
an illness that causes specific problems.
disease
/dɪˈziːz/
He had a disease that caused him to lose his hearing.
n
the collection of beliefs and stories of a culture.
folklore
/ˈfoʊk.lɔːr/
India’s folklore has stories about great warriors written in long poems.
V
to pass a disease to a person, animal, or plant:
infect
/ɪnˈfekt/
The common cold infects hundreds of millions of people each year.
V
to have an unpleasant feeling that you want to scratch.
itch
/ɪtʃ/
The rough fabric in his shirt made his neck itch.
n
written artistic works, especially those with a high and lasting artistic value:
literature
/ˈlɪt̬.ɚ.ə.tʃɚ/
Early American literature covers the poetry and stories from 1500 to 1800.
n
a traditional story that explains a culture’s history and beliefs.
myth
/mɪθ/
In Greece, there was a myth about a woman who had snakes for hair.
V
to raise someone to a higher position or rank.
promote
/prəˈmoʊt/
After two years at the company, she was promoted to manager.
V
to have a connection with something.
relate
/rɪˈleɪt/
A company’s plan usually relates to how much profit it can make.
n
a specific amount of money.
sum
/sʌm/
He calculated the numbers to see what the sum of his bills would be.
n
a belief in a god or gods.
religion
/rɪˈlɪdʒ.ən/
“When one person suffers from a delusion, it is called insanity. When many people suffer from a delusion it is called a Religion.”LINK
n
a person who works with a bank’s customers.
teller
/ˈtel.ɚ/
The teller at the bank helped Kelly put money into a savings account.
adj
honest and truthful.
trustworthy
/ˈtrʌstˌwɝː.ði/
Mary is one of the most trustworthy people I’ve ever met.
V
to make something more modern.
update
/ʌpˈdeɪt/
We need to update the programs on our computers.
n
a tube in the body that carries blood toward the heart.
vein
/veɪn/
The blue veins in my hand are just under my skin.
n
a poisonous substance that comes from animals or plants.
venom
/ˈvenəm/
A snake’s venom can be used to cure the illnesses it creates.
n
an act of giving help, usually money, to those who need it.
charity
/ˈtʃer.ə.t̬i/
Thanks to his friends’ charity, he had enough money to pay the rent.
n
the activity of buying and selling things.
commerce
/ˈkɑː.mɝːs/
The new shopping mall increased the commerce in that section of town.
V
to give someone a specific punishment.
condemn
/kənˈdem/
The judge condemned the criminal to five years in prison.
adj
comfortable, warm, and relaxing.
cozy
/ˈkoʊ.zi/
The thick blanket made the bed very cozy.
V
to reduce something by a large amount so that there is not enough left especially supplies of energy, money, etc.
deplete
/dɪˈpliːt/
All the driving he was doing was depleting his car’s fuel supply.
n
the money and businesses of a country or region.
economy
/iˈkɑː.nə.mi/
The factory was good for the economy because it brought jobs to the area.
n
a large group of countries ruled by an emperor or empress.
empire
/ˈem.paɪr/
The emperor built roads to make travel easier throughout the empire.
phrase [ plural ]
anything that can be bought or sold.
goods
/ɡo͝odz/
Shoes, hats, dresses, and purses were the goods she wanted to buy.
V
to obey or follow something.
heed
/hiːd/
You should heed the advice on the sign and not drive so fast.
V
to travel by asking for rides from passing vehicles.
hitchhike
/ˈhɪtʃ.haɪk/
She didn’t have a car, so she hitchhiked several miles to her brother’s home.
V
to tease someone in a cruel way.
mock
/mɑːk/
The girls mocked Nancy because she was a new student.
V
to treat someone badly.
persecute
/ˈpɝː.sɪ.kjuːt/
Dan felt persecuted because he was smaller than the other boys at school.
n
a person whose job was to copy written works.
scribe
/skraɪb/
In ancient Egypt, scribes recorded important events.
V
to make something smaller in size or fewer in number.
reduce
/rɪˈduːs/
When the store reduced its prices, people wanted to shop there.
adj
not help either of the two fighting sides.
neutral
/ˈnuː.trəl/
The girl’s friend remained neutral while the couple was arguing.
n
the feeling of sadness and kindness for those who are suffering.
pity
/ˈpɪt̬.i/
Because she had pity for the lost boy, she helped him find his parents.
the special chair in which a ruler sits.
throne
/θroʊn/
Nobody except the king and queen sat in the thrones in the great hall.
n
the state of people working together for a certain purpose.
unity
/ˈjuː.nə.t̬i/
The project was finished early thanks to the unity of the workers.
n
someone’s mood or a chance that they might get angry.
temper
/ˈtem.pɚ/
She has a temper. Even the slightest mistakes make her angry.
n
a group or person that wins in a contest.
victor
/ˈvɪk.tɚ/
At the end of the game, the blue team were the victors.
adj
completely correct
accurate
/ˈæk.jɚ.ət/
The story in the newspaper wasn’t very accurate.
V
to study something.
analyze
/ˈæn.əl.aɪz/
The scientist will analyze the blood sample.
n
a giant rock from outer space.
asteroid
/ˈæs.tə.rɔɪd/
In 1908, a giant asteroid hit Siberia.
V
to change over time.
evolve
/ɪˈvɑːlv/
Many people think that humans evolved from animals.
n
a fact or situation that influences the result of something:
factor
/ˈfæk.tɚ/
Smoking is the main factor that causes lung cancer.
n
a lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it affects or is important to many people:
controversy
/ˈkɑːn.trə.vɝː.si/
There has been a lot of controversy over the judge’s decision.
adj
related to the genes in one’s body.
genetic
/dʒəˈnet̬.ɪk/
The color of one’s eyes is genetic.
n
the collection of all the genes in a living thing.
genome
/ˈdʒiː.noʊm/
Understanding the human genome may help cure many diseases.
adj
the same as someone or something else.
identical
/aɪˈden.t̬ə.kəl/
James and John are identical twins.
n
more than half of the people or things in a group.
majority
/məˈdʒɔː.rə.t̬i/
A majority of the people voted for Tom Smith in the election.
n
a very smart person.
intellectual
/ˌɪn.t̬əlˈek.tʃu.əl/
We’ve always considered my Uncle Max to be the intellectual of the family.
V
to make something stronger.
reinforce
/ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs/
Peter reinforced his opinion with information from a book.
n
a dish with a round deep shape.
bowl
/boʊl/
I put the fruit in the fruit bowl.
n
making food ready to eat
cooking
/ˈkʊk.ɪŋ/
I really enjoy cooking, especially Italian food.
adj
very large
vast
/væst/
The wealthy man bought a vast amount of land in the countryside.
adj
badly affected by a disease or problem.
stricken
/ˈstrɪk.ən/
The pilot landed the stricken airplane with difficulty.
n
someone who does not eat any meat products.
vegetarian
/ˌvedʒ.əˈter.i.ən/
I became a vegetarian because I don’t like the taste of meat.
(UK informal veggie)
adj
has a lot of things close together
dense
/dens/
I easily became lost in the dense forest.
n
the ability to be calm and worthy of respect.
dignity
/ˈdɪɡ.ə.t̬i/
When his company went out of business, he faced it with dignity.
(integrity: the quality of being honest, truthful, and having strong moral principles”)
V
to control someone or something.
dominate
/ˈdɑː.mə.neɪt/
The loud man dominated the conversation.
adj
made of clay
earthen
/ˈɝː.θən/
The house’s roof was made of earthen tiles.
adj
angry and unfriendly.
hostile
/ˈhɑː.stəl/
We were happy to move away from our hostile neighbor.
n
the amount of food you take into your body.
intake
/ˈɪn.teɪk/
The doctor said I needed to increase my intake of fruits and vegetables.
adj
wrong; not correct or not true:
incorrect
/ˌɪn.kəˈrekt/
an incorrect answer/diagnosis
n
medicine or drugs given to people who are sick.
medication
/ˌmed.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/
The doctor gave me medication to treat my illness.
n
a piece of equipment with several moving parts that uses power to do a particular type of work:
machine
/məˈʃiːn/
The machine was broken.
adv
in the same way:
likewise
/ˈlaɪk.waɪz/
If Joe is not going to school so he can go swimming, I want to do likewise.
V
to rule over someone in a cruel and unfair way.
oppress
/əˈpres/
Free speech had been oppressed in his country.
adj
not known to many people:
obscure
/əbˈskjʊr/
The old man travels the world in search of obscure books.
n
the children of a person or the babies of an animal.
offspring
/ˈɑːf.sprɪŋ/
The dog’s offspring had the same color of fur as she did.
n
an animal that usually has hair and is not born from an egg.
mammal
/ˈmæm.əl/
Even though they live in water, whales are actually mammals.
(from Latin mamma “breast, udder”)
V
to increase in number.
multiply
/ˈmʌl.tə.plaɪ/
In the past year, the number of people at work has multiplied by ten percent.
n
a substance used to kill insects.
pesticide
/ˈpes.tə.saɪd/
The farmer sprayed his crops with a pesticide to keep bugs away.
V
to control how something happens.
regulate
/ˈreɡ.jə.leɪt/
The bank regulates how much money people can borrow.
V
to remove fruits and vegetables skin.
peel
/piːl/
He peeled the apple before eating it.
n
permission from a doctor to get medicine.
prescription
/prɪˈskrɪp.ʃən/
The doctor gave me a prescription for my medication.
n
When you get better at what you are doing.
progress
/ˈprɑː.ɡres/
There are clear signs of progress.
adj
covered with sand.
sandy
/ˈsæn.dɪ/
I love walking on a sandy beach.
n
a situation in which there is not enough of something:
shortage
/ˈʃɔːr.t̬ɪdʒ/
During the dry season, there was a shortage of water.
n
a very hard building material made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones, and water:
concrete
/ˈkɑːn.kriːt/
The man covered the ground with concrete.
adj
If someone who makes decisions quickly.
decisive
/dɪˈsaɪ.sɪv/
Our boss is very decisive, so it did not take long to organize the project.
adj
highly respected:
esteemed
/ɪˈstim/
An esteemed scientist is coming to the university to talk about his discoveries.
adj
the right thing to do.
ethical
/ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl/
Many people believe that it is ethical to help others in need.
adj
If plants or animals are …., there are none left.
extinct
/ɪkˈstɪŋkt/
There used to be dinosaurs all over the world, but now they are extinct.
adj
strong and can live through difficult conditions.
hardy
/ˈhɑːr.di/
The farmer is a hardy man and doesn’t mind working outside.
n
an organization that is interested in research or teaching.
institute
/ˈɪn.stə.tuːt/
I am going to a lecture about Ancient Rome at the Historical Institute.
adj
very good at doing something
skillful
/ˈskɪl.fəl/
The carpenter is very skillful at building houses.
n
a vehicle that flies in the sky, such as an airplane or helicopter.
aircraft
/ˈer.kræft/
At the museum in the airport, you can see a lot of old aircraft.
(plural aircraft)
n
someone who is famous.
(especially in the entertainment business)
celebrity
/səˈleb.rə.t̬i/
It was the highlight of the evening when the celebrities arrived.
n
a feeling of unhappiness and anger because someone has something or someone that you want:
jealousy
/ˈdʒel.ə.si/
She felt a lot of jealousy when she saw her friend with a new car.
adj
an area which covered with trees.
wooded
/ˈwʊd.ɪd/
Jim and Ben decided to go hiking in the wooded area by the river.
n
help or benefit.
avail
/əˈveɪl/
His studying was to no avail because he failed the test.
V
to clearly state, show, or explain what something is.
define
/dɪˈfaɪn/
People define success in many different ways.
V
to be afraid of something that could, or is going to, happen.
dread
/dred/
I dread the possibility that I will not get into college.
adj
a basic part of something.
fundamental
/ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.t̬əl/
The fundamental rules of basketball are easy.
V
to become bigger in size.
expand
/ɪkˈspænd/
A balloon will expand as you blow air into it.
adj
frightening and very unpleasant.
horrifying
/ˈhɔːr.ə.faɪ.ɪŋ/
There was a horrifying car accident today.
adj
not wanting or not able to believe something, and usually showing this:
incredulous
/ɪnˈkredʒ.ə.ləs/
She was incredulous that monkeys could ever drive a car.
n
a living thing, especially a very small one.
organism
/ˈɔː.ɡən.ɪ.zəm/
We studied the organism under the microscope.
V
to last for a long time.
linger
/ˈlɪŋ.ɡɚ/
The smell of fresh cookies lingered in the bakery.
V
to make someone else’s writing or speech shorter.
paraphrase
/ˈper.ə.freɪz/
The students were asked to paraphrase the story they had just heard.
n
a very infectious disease caused by bacteria spread mainly by fleas (= small insects that bite) on rats or other animals, that causes swelling, fever, and usually death in humans :
plague
/pleɪɡ/
A plague in Europe killed millions of people.
adv
happening right now.
presently
/ˈprez.ənt.li/
Presently, our profits are good, but by next year we can do even better.
adj
it happens without any pattern or reason.
random
/ˈræn.dəm/
Young children often ask random questions.
n
a crowd that reacts to bad news by violently breaking laws.
riot
/ˈraɪ.ət/
A riot broke out after the candidate lost the election.
V
to write something quickly without caring about how it looks.
scribble
/ˈskrɪb.əl/
I scribbled a rough diagram of our plan and gave it to him.
n
a religious building built to honor a person, event, or god.
**shrine**
| /ʃraɪn/
## Footnote
He prayed at the **shrine** for an hour.
n
the state of being totally alone.
solitude
/ˈsɑː.lə.tuːd/
John lives a life of solitude because he doesn’t get along well with people.
adj
severe or clear in appearance or outline.
stark
/stɑːrk/
There is a stark contrast between their test scores.
V
to ask a person to come to you.
summon
/ˈsʌm.ən/
We summoned the doctor as soon as we noticed she was sick.
V
to get worse.
worsen
/ˈwɝː.sən/
The weather suddenly worsened, and we had to stay inside.
n
a car
automobile
/ˈɑː.t̬ə.moʊ.biːl/
The first automobiles were very different from the ones that exist today.
(US old-fashioned auto)
V
to move from one place to another
migrate
/ˈmaɪ.ɡreɪt/
Many birds migrate to warmer countries in the winter.
V
to care for something as it grows or develops.
nurture
/ˈnɝː.tʃɚ/
Robert nurtured his plants, and that is why they grow so well.
adv
located above you.
overhead
/ˈoʊ.vɚ.hed/
As we sat on the top of the hill, a plane flew overhead.
n
a belief about the correct way to behave.
principle
/ˈprɪn.sə.pəl/
To maintain principles, it’s vital to watch, listen, and speak carefully.
adj
in, of, or like the countryside
rural
/ˈrʊr.əl/
I want to live in a small house in a rural area.
adj
far away from any other place.
secluded
/səˈkluː.dɪd/
There was a secluded bench in the park.
n
a type of plant or animal.
species
/ˈspiː.ʃiːz/ /ˈspiː.siːz/
There are 21 different species of butterfly in this forest.
plural species
n
a very wet area of land.
swamp
/swɑːmp/
There are lots of wild animals living in the swamp.
V
to move or travel through an area.
traverse
/trəˈvɝːs/
The explorer traversed the desert alone on a camel.
n
a subject in which people study animals.
zoology
/zoʊˈɑː.lə.dʒi/
Helen wants to study zoology because she has always liked animals
V
When you make it happen.
cause
/kɑːz/
Tiredness caused the accident.
adv
they act in a way that is suitable.
accordingly
/əˈkɔːr.dɪŋ.li/
He feels like he did a good job and his boss should pay him accordingly.
n
a heavy object dropped from a boat to make it stay in one place.
anchor
/ˈæŋ.kɚ/
When the ship reached its destination, the crew dropped the anchor.
n
the situations that form the background of an event.
context
/ˈkɑːn.tekst/
They studied the context of the battle before giving their presentation.
V
to say officially that a place or thing has a particular character or purpose:
designate
/ˈdez.ɪɡ.neɪt/
The famous lighthouse was designated a historical monument.
V
to lie about something, or pull or twist out of shape.
distort
/dɪˈstɔːrt/
The man’s lawyer distorted the facts so that he would be set free.
n
an enclosed area where ships go to be loaded, unloaded, and repaired.
dock
/dɑːk/
The huge ship pulled into the dock, and the crew unloaded the cargo.
n
If you have a lot of …., you have plenty of strength and can do lots of things.
energy
/ˈen.ɚ.dʒi/
If you lack energy, try eating better food.
adj
it happens or is done often.
frequent
/ˈfriː.kwənt/
While Dad was sick, the doctor made frequent visits to his house.
n
the part of a motor that controls the speed.
gears
/ɡɪr/
My brother has a car with four gears.
adj
true or real
genuine
/ˈdʒen.ju.ɪn/
After the painting was determined to be genuine, it sold for a million dollars.
n
an oily substance put on moving parts so they work smoothly, or oil or fat in cooking.
grease
/ɡriːs/
When I was done working on the car, I had grease all over my hands.
n
what you know.
knowledge
/ˈnɑː.lɪdʒ/
He has trouble putting his knowledge into practice.
V
you leave isomethingt out or do not do it.
omit
/oʊˈmɪt/
I omitted some important information: he is not coming.
V
to use one thing to cancel out the effect of another thing.
offset
/ˌɑːfˈset/
Increased wages are offset by higher prices for goods.
The extra cost of travelling to work is offset by the lower price of houses here.
V
to cover a piece of something.
overlap
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈlæp/
The gift on top overlaps the other gift on the bottom.
Baseball season overlaps football season in September.
adj
owned or used in the past by someone else:
secondhand
/ˈsek·əndˈhænd/
Her secondhand jeans were a bit faded in the front.
n
you are good at doing a job.
skill
/skɪl/
She worked with great skill and confidence.
adj
helpful, useful, or good
beneficial
/ˌben.əˈfɪʃ.əl/
Drinking milk every day is beneficial for your bones.
n
a narrow opening in a machine or container.
slot
/slɑːt/
To operate the machine, put your coins into the slot.
n
a place where a person is born or where something started.
birthplace
/ˈbɝːθ.pleɪs/
China is the birthplace of chopsticks.
n
a careful plan to achieve something.
tactic
/ˈtæk.tɪk/
Sam thought of a good tactic to attract more business.
n
the total amount that can be contained or produced
capacity
/kəˈpæs.ə.t̬i/
The parking lot has reached its full capacity.
adj
being judged based on something else.
comparative
/kəmˈper.ə.t̬ɪv/
The money that John has is comparative to that of most other adults.
adj
If something is ………., it has all the details about something else.
comprehensive
/ˌkɑːm.prəˈhen.sɪv/
The teacher gave us a comprehensive review for the exam.
V
to protect something from being ruined or used completely.
conserve
/kənˈsɝːv/
The group worked to conserve the beauty of Europe’s national parks.
adj
extremely important
crucial
/ˈkruː.ʃəl/
Clean air is crucial to the survival of humans, plants, and animals.
adj
increasing by one addition after another:
cumulative
/ˈkjuː.mjə.lə.t̬ɪv/
The cumulative snowfall in the area is fifty centimeters per year.
V
to leave something somewhere
deposit
/dɪˈpɑː.zɪt/
I deposited the money into my bank account.
V
to give something to a number of people.
distribute
/dɪˈstrɪb.juːt/
The teacher distributed crayons and markers to her students.
n
an imaginary line that splits the Earth into north and south.
equator
/ɪˈkweɪ.t̬ɚ/
The equator crosses the northern part of South America.
adj
something unusual because it is from far away.
exotic
/ɪɡˈzɑː.t̬ɪk/
Rebecca tried many exotic foods on her trip to Africa.
adj
relates to the government of a country.
federal
/ˈfed.ɚ.əl/
Sometimes federal laws are different from state laws.
n
the way that something is made.
formation
/fɔːrˈmeɪ.ʃən/
The formation of ice happens when water freezes.
n
the number of times that something happens.
frequency
/ˈfriː.kwən.si/
The frequency of rainstorms is very high, especially during the spring.
n
a goal or plan that someone has.
objective
/əbˈdʒek.tɪv/
My objective this week is to finish my homework by 7:30 every night.
n
a gas that all living things need to breathe.
oxygen
/ˈɑːk.sɪ.dʒən/
She thinks there is more oxygen in the air in the country than in the city.
(symbol O)
n
a forest that is in a place where it rains very often.
rainforest
/ˈreɪn.fɔːr.ɪst/
The rainforest is home to many animals.
n
a plan for how to do something.
strategy
/ˈstræt̬.ə.dʒi/
The team came up with a strategy to win the game.
n
a person who is competing to win something such as a job.
candidate
/ˈkæn.dɪ.dət/ /ˈkæn.dɪ.deɪt/
Alice is the best candidate for the job.
adj
must be kept secret.
confidential
/ˌkɑːn.fəˈden.ʃəl/
The information from the meeting is confidential.
adj
related to a large business.
corporate
/ˈkɔːr.pɚ.ət/
Tom enjoys working in the corporate world.
V
to make something better.
enhance
/ɪnˈhæns/
Amy’s blue shirt really enhances the color of her eyes.
n
a period of time that has something special about it.
era
/ˈɪr.ə/
During the medieval era, knights wore protective armor.
n
a rule about how to do something.
guideline
/ˈɡaɪd.laɪn/
Before they began the project, the teacher gave them some guidelines.
V
to add something to another thing.
incorporate
/ɪnˈkɔːr.pɚ.eɪt/
I decided to incorporate a new ingredient into my cake recipe.
V
to talk to or do something with another person.
interact
/ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈækt/
The kids began to interact when the adults left the room.
n
the time between two things happening.
interval
/ˈɪn.t̬ɚ.vəl/
Tony rested for brief intervals while he worked in the yard.
adj
it can be moved easily.
mobile
/ˈmoʊ.bəl/
Mobile phones are convenient because you can use them anywhere.
V
to change something a little bit.
modify
/ˈmɑː.də.faɪ/
I modified my outfit by adding a belt to it.
adj
If two things are …, they are the same distance away from each other (along their entire length).
parallel
/ˈper.ə.lel/
There are two yellow parallel lines dividing both sides of traffic.
n
something that can be seen as it is happening.
phenomenon
/fəˈnɑː.mə.nɑːn/
V
to make air, water, or land dirty, unclean, or foul.
pollute
/pəˈluːt/
The careless factory polluted the river with chemicals.
V
to make fun of something in a mean way.
ridicule
/ˈrɪd.ə.kjuːl/
The other students ridicule Peter’s foreign accent.
adj
related to the sun.
solar
/ˈsoʊ.lɚ/
Using solar energy is good for the environment.
rom Latin solaris, from sol sun
Greek hēlios
n
a piece of land that belongs to a country but isn’t a state.
territory
/ˈter.ə.tɔːr.i/
Gibraltar is a territory of Great Britain.
n
a competition, usually with many people participating.
tournament
/ˈtɝː.nə.mənt/ /ˈtʊr.nə.mənt/
My dad is playing in a golf tournament tomorrow.
n
any type of vehicle that can carry people or things.
transportation
/ˌtræn.spɚˈteɪ.ʃən/
I don’t have a car, so my normal transportation is the train.
n
a statement of money owed for goods or for a service.
bill
/bɪl/
I have so many bills that I do not know how to pay them all.
n
the line where one area of land stops and another begins.
boundary
/ˈbaʊn.dər.i/
This fence shows the boundary between our yard and yours.
n
a situation that is confusing and not ordered.
chaos
/ˈkeɪ.ɑːs/
His presentation was in chaos. I couldn’t understand what he meant.
adj
always have the same behavior or attitude.
consistent
/kənˈsɪs.tənt/
Sara comes in every day and is our most consistent worker.
n
a large storm with heavy rain and winds that spin in a circle.
cyclone
/ˈsaɪ.kloʊn/
Hundreds of homes were damaged by the cyclone.
Greek kyklōma wheel, coil
n
a person who receives the money or property of someone who dies.
heir
/er/
The princess was the heir to the king and queen’s throne.
adj
going to fail or be destroyed.
doomed
/duːmd/
Since I spent all my money, my date with Jane is doomed.
adj
related to fighting or war.
martial
/ˈmɑːr.ʃəl/
Karate is a martial art that began many years ago in Japan.
adj
food grown without adding chemicals to it.
organic
/ɔːrˈɡæn.ɪk/
The organic carrots are more expensive, but they’re better for you.
n
a bird, such as a chicken, that is used for meat and eggs.
poultry
/ˈpoʊl.tri/
He raises poultry and sells their meat for extra money.
V
to move somewhere quickly and desperately.
scramble
/ˈskræm.bəl/
The hikers scrambled down the side of the hill.
n
a soldier or police officer of middle rank.
sergeant
/ˈsɑːr.dʒənt/
He was promoted to sergeant after a year in the army.
(written abbreviation Sgt); (informal sarge)
adj
complete and total.
sheer
/ʃɪr/
I was impressed by her sheer dedication to jogging.
n
an attitude about an issue that someone states clearly.
stance
/stæns/
My stance is that using oil and gas is bad for the environment.
n
a method of sending electric messages on wires
telegraph
/ˈtel.ə.ɡræf/
In the 1900s, the telegraph was the fastest way to send a message.
n
cloth that has been woven or knitted.
textile
/ˈtek.staɪl/
The blue textile was going to be used to make blouses.
n
a tube-shaped formation of air that spins very quickly
tornado
/tɔːrˈneɪ.doʊ/
During a tornado, the safest place to be is underground.
plural tornadoes or tornados (US informal also twister)
n
a large tropical storm that moves in circles.
typhoon
/taɪˈfuːn/
Thousands of people lost electricity after a typhoon hit Australia.
from Arabic ṭūfān hurricane, from Greek typhōn violent storm
v. To wail is to show sadness by crying loudly. The baby wailed because it was hungry.
wail
/weɪl/
n
the collection of all of a person’s clothing.
wardrobe
/ˈwɔːr.droʊb/
She bought some new clothes to expand her wardrobe.
