Book 5 Flashcards
n
scent or smell
aroma
/əˈroʊ.mə/
I love the aroma of coffee in the morning.
n
a drink
beverage
/ˈbev.ɚ.ɪdʒ/
The waiter brought our beverages first. Then he brought our food.
n
a small group of things placed close together.
cluster
/ˈklʌs.tɚ/
She held a large cluster of grapes in her hand.
(A galaxy cluster, or a cluster of galaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands of galaxies that are bound together by gravity)
V
to join together to make a single thing or group.
combine
/kəmˈbaɪn/
Mina combined peanut butter and jelly to make a sandwich.
adj
When a liquid is …., it is made thicker.
condensed
/kənˈdenst/
One way to make a dessert thick and sweet is to use condensed milk.
adj
related to the present time.
contemporary
/kənˈtem.pə.rer.i/
Contemporary scientists have learned quite a bit about DNA.
V
to care for plants and help them grow.
cultivate
/ˈkʌl.tə.veɪt/
A research company is cultivating new kinds of rice to aid poor countries.
adj
related to gods.
divine
/dɪˈvaɪn/
Legends say that music was given to humans as a divine gift from the gods.
adj
When there is a lot of water in the air.
humid
/ˈhjuː.mɪd/
It is very humid inside a sauna.
n
a very distinct smell
odor
/ˈoʊ·dər/
He knew there was a leak when he noticed the strong odor of natural gas.
odour UK formal
n
the top part of the mouth.
palate
/ˈpæl.ət/
You can touch your palate with your tongue.
n
the place or condition of happiness where things are perfect.
paradise
/ˈper.ə.daɪs/
My vacation in Hawaii was like being in paradise.
n
a big farm that only grows certain kinds of crops.
plantation
/plænˈteɪ.ʃən/
In the 1800s, there were many cotton plantations in the southern US.
adj
When something is …, it moves or changes very quickly.
rapid
/ˈræp.ɪd/
His mother was surprised by her son’s rapid growth.
n
the speed at which something happens.
rate
/reɪt/
Grass tends to grow at a very slow rate.
adj
When something is …., it makes you calm or relaxed.
soothing
/ˈsuː.ðɪŋ/
The soothing music helped the baby fall asleep.
adj
not easy to see or notice.
subtle
/ˈsʌt̬.əl/
The handsome man has a subtle smile.
n
the way something surface looks and feels.
texture
/ˈteks.tʃɚ/
The texture of a rock found in the water is typically very smooth.
adj
poisonous and very dangerous.
toxic
/ˈtɑːk.sɪk/
Please check the label to see if the product is toxic.
V
to be different from another thing in size or amount.
vary
/ˈver.i/
The heights of the people in my class vary by a large amount.
n
someone who controls many military ships.
admiral
/ˈæd.mər.əl/
They won the sea battle because of the admiral’s great leadership.
a curved shape.
arc
/ɑːrk/
A rainbow is an arc of colored bands across the sky.
n
your personality.
character
/ˈker.ək.tɚ/
My sister’s character is fun and very outgoing.
n
your inner sense of what is right and wrong.
conscience
I recycle everything I can, so my conscience is clear!
V
succeed in getting away from a place.
escape
/ɪˈskeɪp/
She tried to escape from the building.
adj
If something is …, it is burning strongly.
fiery
/ˈfaɪə.ri/
The fiery blaze burned all night long.
the muscle and fat on your body.
n
flesh
/fleʃ/
The zebra’s flesh is covered by black and white skin.
n
a fruit similar to an orange, but bigger and not as sweet.
grapefruit
/ˈɡreɪp.fruːt/
Would you like a grapefruit with your breakfast?
plural grapefruit or grapefruits
dry grass used to feed animals and can be used for different purposes.
hay
/heɪ/
I need to buy some more hay for the horse to eat.
adj
very shocked and feel upset.
horrified
/ˈhɔːr.ə.faɪd/
I was horrified when I read about the old lady who was attacked.
a type of oil used in some lamps and stoves.
kerosene
/ˈker.ə.siːn/
Many people in poor countries cook on kerosene stoves.
n
a line made into the shape of a circle.
loop
/luːp/
He made a loop with the rope and placed it over the post.
n
nearest the center and with an equal number of things on each side.
middle
/ˈmɪd.əl/
I suddenly woke up in the middle of the night.
n
a piece of wood or plastic that moves a boat across water.
paddle
/ˈpæd.əl/
Put your paddle in the water and pull hard to make the boat move.
adj
sharp and unpleasant taste.
sour
/saʊr/
I don’t like lemons because I think they are too sour.
n
a small, sharp piece of wood or metal that is put into the ground.
stake
/steɪk/
We marked our property by placing stakes into the ground.
n
a person like a waiter who serves food on planes and ships.
steward
/ˈstuː.ɚd/
The steward is bringing some tea.
n
a thin piece of fabric or rope
string
/strɪŋ/
I found a large ball of string.
n
a sharp part of a plant.
thorn
/θɔːrn/
Be careful of the thorns when you pick the roses!
V
to destroy or ruin something.
wreck
/rek/
The teenagers wrecked the house for no reason at all.
V
to tell them someone disapprove of their behavior.
admonish
/ədˈmɑː.nɪʃ/
The teacher admonished Mark because he was chewing gum in class.
adj
able to be heard.
audible
/ˈɑː.də.bəl/
The sound of the drums was audible from miles away.
adj
impressive or frightening
awesome
/ˈɑː.səm/
The huge military plane was an awesome sight.
V
to be careful of something or someone that is dangerous.
beware
/bɪˈwer/
You should beware of driving fast on wet roads.
to talk of one’s abilities or achievements in a proud way.
brag
/bræɡ/
He had strong muscles and bragged about them to the entire class.
aware of something.
conscious
/ˈkɑːn.ʃəs/
The new student was conscious of the other students staring at her.
V
to have a different opinion from someone.
disagree
/ˌdɪs.əˈɡriː/
The lawyers disagreed about the best way to settle the case.
V
To repeat a sound itself because it bounced off an object.
echo
/ˈek.oʊ/
The child yelled over the canyon, and the sound echoed off the wall.
plural echoes
adj
it happens at the end of a series of events.
eventual
/ɪˈven.tʃu.əl/
The constant training and planning led the team to an eventual victory.
n
A … is information that suggests something will happen or is true.
hint
/hɪnt/
I quietly passed on a hint to my sister about the test.
adj
a person who is not smart or who has done something silly.
idiot
/ˈɪd.i.ət/
Because he got lost in the forest, the man felt like an idiot.
adj
very large
immense
/ɪˈmens/
An immense amount of money was needed to buy such a large boat.
adj
not the easiest or straightest way
indirect
/ˌɪn.dɪˈrekt/
He chose to take the most indirect route to the coast.
n
a choice between two or more things.
option
/ˈɑːp.ʃən/
The children were given the option of three houses to pick from.
n
an activity that you do often for fun
pastime
/ˈpæs.taɪm/
In the US, baseball is considered a national pastime.
adj
without any mistakes
perfect
/ˈpɝː.fekt/
She got all the questions right, so her score was perfect.
V
to locate something exactly.
pinpoint
/ˈpɪn.pɔɪnt/
The navigation system in my car is able to pinpoint my exact location.
V
to change something to something else.
switch
/swɪtʃ/
Mom switched the TV station from the news to her favorite show.
adj
complete or done carefully
thorough
/ˈθɝː.ə/
Tina did a thorough job of cleaning the stains out of the carpet.
V
to cause someone to suffer on purpose.
torment
/ˈtɔːr.ment/
She tormented her little brother by taking his favorite toy.
adj
sudden or unexpected
abrupt
/əˈbrʌpt/
When the dancer fell down on her beck, the ballet came to an abrupt stop.
n
severe pain or suffering
agony
/ˈæɡ.ə.ni/
The boy yelled in agony when the puppy bit him.
n
someone who murders an important person
assassin
/əˈsæs.ən/
An assassin killed Martin Luther King on April 4, 1968.
n
hair that grows on a mans chin and cheeks
beard
/bɪrd/
The farmer had a long beard, as white as snow.
n
a large and dangerous animal
beast
/biːst/
Tanzania is home to many famous beasts, such as lions, leopards, and hyenas.
n
a room that is part of a larger building and is used for Christian worship
chapel
/ˈtʃæp.əl/
We were married in a smal wedding chapel in Las Vegas
n
a person who gives opinions or describes something, often on TV or the radio
commentator
/ˈkɑː.mən.teɪ.t̬ɚ/
According to many commentators, this winter is has been one of the coldest in the last century.
V
to trick a person into doing something or giving up money
con
It was unfair of the fortune teller to con me out of 500 dollars
n
a general agreement among a group of people
consensus
/kənˈsen.səs/
The consensus among the children was that ghosts exist
n
a secret plan that two or more people make together to do somethin harmful or legal
conspiracy
/kənˈspɪr.ə.si/
The businessman thought there was a compiracy among his coworkers to get him fred.
n
an uprising in which people try to overthrow the government.
coup
/kuː/
At the end of the 18 century, Napoleon Bonaparte staged a coup to overthrow a group that had control of france
V
To be unwilling to believe that people have good intention
cynical
/ˈsɪn.ɪ.kəl/
The man became cynical after being led to many times.
n
a curved roof of building
dome
/doʊm/
I looked up at the dome to admire its beauty
V
to say something loudly, suddenly and excloedly
exclaim
/ɪkˈskleɪm/
The singer interrupted the applause to exclaim his thanks after his performance.
n
an open public place in which meetings are held
forum
/ˈfɔːr.əm/
The scientist shared her research at a special forum in the city.
plural forums or fora
n
relating to riches, wealth, and beauty
glamour
/ˈɡlæm.ɚ/
The young woman showed off her glamour during the photo shoot.
(US glamor)
V
to bother or attack someone repeatedly.
harass
/həˈræs/
The young girl would often harass her baby brother.
V
to light something and make it brighter
illuminate
/ɪˈluː.mə.neɪt/
In order to illuminate the stage, the crew turned on the spotlight.
V
to provoke or intensify something
inflame
The tax increase will inflame the public’s frustration with the government.
n
set of musical notes that form the main part of a song
melody
/ˈmel.ə.di/
I had the melody of the song stuck in my head all day
adv
if you do something …, you do it for a short time.
awhile
/əˈwaɪl/
Wait here awhile, and I’ll bring some tea
n
the imaginary place on the internet where activities occur
cyberspace
/ˈsaɪ.bɚ.speɪs/
I didn’t receive your anal. It probably got lost in cyberspace
V
To correct a piece of writing that so that is suitable to be published
edit
/ˈed.ɪt/
She asked her brother to edit her paper before she submitted it to her teacher
n
a short piece of writing on a certain subject
essay
/ˈes.eɪ/
She had to write a two-page essay for her English class.
(US paper)
V
to study something, so a desition can be made
evaluate
/ɪˈvæl.ju.eɪt/
Jo and Ken evaluated the plan and agreed that it would work.
V
To go unconscious and fall down
faint
/feɪnt/
Carol fainted because she hadn’t eaten in over a day.
adj
If something …, it happens all around the world
global
/ˈɡloʊ.bəl/
Pollution is a global problem.
n
a buiding with equipment that you can use to get exercise
gymnasium
/dʒɪmˈneɪ.zi.əm/
When I go to the gymnasium, I use the treadmill for twenty minutes.
V
to mark something with a color so that it is easy to see
highlight
/ˈhaɪ.laɪt/
I read my vocabulary list and highlighted the most difficult words.
adj
no having knowledge about something
ignorant
/ˈɪɡ.nɚ.ənt/
I’m a bit ignorant about his theories. Can you explain them to me?
n
a lot of words at the end of a book that gives information.
index
/ˈɪn.deks/
If you look in the index, you’ll find the right page number.
(plural indices UK) (US indexes)
n
a long, educational speech
lecture
/ˈlek.tʃɚ/
His lecture on world hunger was very informative.
n
the message at the end of a story that teaches you something.
moral
/ˈmɔːr.əl/
At the end of the story, the mother explained the moral to her children.
V
to work or function
operate
/ˈɑː.pə.reɪt/
I’m sorry, but the trains are not operating today.
adj
only used by one person or group
private
/ˈpraɪ.vət/
Don’t look at my diary! It’s private!
adj
When something is happened a short time ago.
recent
/ˈriː.sənt/
I did not know what had caused his recent behavior
n
a personal decision
resolution
/ˌrez.əˈluː.ʃən/
At New Year I made a list of resolutions to help me have a better year
n
a portion of a school year
semester
/səˈmes.tɚ/
Jack is in his second semester of college
adj
is written on a computer or typewriter
typewritten
/ˈtaɪpˌrɪt̬.ən/
This is an important, formal project and must be typewritten.
adj
very strange
weird
/wɪrd/
My best friend’s dad is a bit weird.
V
to get used to something
accustom
/əˈkʌs·təm/
I find it difficult to accustom myself to new time zones when travel around the world
adj
the most dominant or has the highest rank
alpha
/ˈæl.fə/
The largest lion was the alpha male of the pack
V
to awaken interest or attention in someone.
arouse
/əˈraʊz/
The politician’s words were meant to arouse the protestors anger.
adj
ability to express ideas clearly and effectively
articulate
/ɑːrˈtɪk.jə.lət/
Alfred’s friends lowed talking to him because he was so articulate and intelligent
V
to show excitement about something
buzz
/bʌz/
Seoul buzzes from dawn til dusk.
V
to fight or argue over something
clash
/klæʃ/
The sisters often clash over the right way to do things.
n
putting things into categories or groups that have things in common.
classification
/ˌklæs.ə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/
According to scientific classification, a duck-billed platypus is an egg-laying mammal.
V
to hold onto something tightly
cling
/klɪŋ/
A mother sloth will cling tightly to her baby in the treetops.
n
the act of following a rule or doing what you are supposed to do
compliance
/kəmˈplaɪ.əns/
The bratty child never shows compliance with her mother’s rules.
(also compliancy)
V
to understand something.
comprehend
/ˌkɑːm.prəˈhend/
The player could not comprehend why he lost the game.
V
to gether in one place.
congregate
/ˈkɑːŋ.ɡrə.ɡeɪt/
Seeing a group of bads congregate in the sky is an awesome sight.
n
the right to take care of someone or something.
custody
/ˈkʌs.tə.di/
The prisoners were put in the custody of the jailers.
to scatter everywhere
disperse
/dɪˈspɝːs/
I watched the peoplo disperse in all directions to avoid the charging buli.
V
to symbolize or represent something
embody
/ɪmˈbɑː.di/
Mother Teresa was said to embody goodness and kindness.
adj
involving scientific proof and evidence
empirical
/emˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl/
Scientists must always find empirical evidence in their work
n
the act of keeping someone out of a group
exclusion
/ɪkˈskluː.ʒən/
People gathered together to protest the exclusion of immigrants from our country.
V
to gather in one place
flock
/flɑːk/
Groups of birds will flock to the river in the spring
V
(of animals) to eat grass, or to cause animals to feed on grass
graze
/ɡreɪz/
The sheep and goats like to graze on the grass outside the village.
adj
very smart.
intelligent
/ɪnˈtel.ə.dʒənt/
The intelligent student graduated from high school with the highest marks in his class.
n
A type of forest, where trees and plants grew very close together
jungle
/ˈdʒʌŋ.ɡəl/
Many kinds of animals, including birds, reptiles, and even elephants live in a jungle
n
an arrangement to keep one’s money with a bank
account
/əˈkaʊnt/
After I paid for the new car, my bank account was nearly empty
n
a person who design buildings
architect
/ˈɑːr.kə.tekt/
The plans for building the new home were drawn by a famous architect.
V
to hide something
conceal
/kənˈsiːl/
You should conceal your money so no one can take it from you
n
If someone commits a …, he or she does something bad that can be punished by law
crime
/kraɪm/
Police quickly arrived at the scene of the crime.
a certificate that proves that someone owns something
deed
/diːd/
When she bought the car, she was given a deed to show the car was here.
n
a feeling of being thankful
gratitude
/ˈɡræt̬.ə.tuːd/
The kids showed Aunt Tess much gratitude for visiting them.
n
the home of animals or plants
habitat
/ˈhæb.ə.tæt/
Frogs are often found in a wet habitat, such as near a lake, rive or pand
V
to help stop a problem between two people or groups
intervene
/ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈviːn/
The students argued until the teacher intervened.
n
an object that helps people find or remember a location
landmark
/ˈlænd.mɑːrk/
The tall tree was used as a landmark for people to find the road to the inn.
adj
related to the law or allowed by the law
legal
/ˈliː.ɡəl/
It was not legal for him to drive until he was 18 years old
adj
remembered for a special reason
memorable
/ˈmem.ər.ə.bəl/
The party was memorable people was still talking about it years later.
V
to require someone to do something
oblige
/əˈblaɪdʒ/
If I wanted to have playtime. I was obliged to clean my room once a week
n
an action that breaks the law and requires punishments
offense
/əˈfens/
He was put in jail for two days for the offense.
V
to say something in public
proclaim
/proʊˈkleɪm/
The army general preclaimed that the war was won.
n
a large public meeting in order to support something
rally
/ˈræl.i/
The school had a rally in the gym to support the basketball team.
V
to find a solution
resolve
/rɪˈzɑːlv/
She resolved the problem with her children by giving them both a toy.
n
a person’s or country’s money and materials that they can use
resource
/ˈriː.sɔːrs/ /ˈriː.zɔːrs/
The poor man didn’t have the resources to feed himself.
n
A punishment given to someone who did follow the law
sentence
/ˈsen.təns/
The sentence for stealing a car is much worse than for stealing candy.
V
to offer to do something for free.
volunteer
/ˌvɑː.lənˈtɪr/
Many people volunteered to help the adults learn to read.
n
someone who sees or hears a crime or accident happen.
witness
/ˈwɪt.nəs/
The woman was the only witness of the horrible crime.
n
the right to enter or use something
access
/ˈæk.ses/
The manager was the only person with access to the password
n
the way that someone act
conduct
/kənˈdʌkt/
She was punished for her bad conduct.
adj
happens a lot or all the time
constant
/ˈkɑːn.stənt/
The television at home is in constant use.
n
a narrow space between the parts of something broken.
crack
/kræk/
The old window was covered with cracks.
n
an object or a machine
device
/dɪˈvaɪs/
A thermometer is a device that tells temperature.
V
to surround something
enclose
/ɪnˈkloʊz/
The cows in the field were enclosed by a fence.
V
to hold something very tight
grip
/ɡrɪp/
I was scared, so I gripped my older sister’s hand.
v
to stop moving
halt
/hɑːlt/
The criminal halted when he saw the police coming
adg
if something is going to happen soon.
impending
/ɪmˈpen.dɪŋ/
The student was nervous about her impending test.
V
to have an effect on someone or something
influence
/ˈɪn.flu.əns/
My friend influenced my decision to attend Terrance University
n
a rule made by the legislative body.
law
/lɑː/
The students learned about different laws during social studies class
n
a settinger condition on a machine
mode
/moʊd/
Melissa turned the TV to quiet mode while she talked on the phone.
V
to sweat
perspire
/pɚˈspaɪɚ/
I usually perspire a lot when I am at athletics practice.
V
to put something in the place of something else
replace
/rɪˈpleɪs/
I replaced the tie on my car because it was flat
V
to break something suddenly, which can cause a loud noise
snap
/snæp/
I took the drumstick and snapped it with my hands
adj
sneaky or good at tricking people
sly
/slaɪ/
The sly fox stole the eggs from the nest.
V
to be likely to do something or to do it often
tend
/tend/
My mom tends to buy me the perfect gift each Christmas.
adj
correct or based on good reasoning.
valid
/ˈvæl.ɪd/
The expert’s opinion on the subject was more valid than others.
n
an account of something that differ slightly from the original
version
/ˈvɝː.ʒən/
She read the students British version of the Chinese fairy tale.
adv
used after a negative phrase to add emphasis to the idea that is being expressed
whatsoever
/ˌwɑːt.soʊˈev.ɚ/
The boy had no idea whatsoever how to finish the story.
(also whatever)
adv
next to something.
alongside
/əˈlɑːŋ.saɪd/
We work alongside each other in the office.
n
your hunger for food
appetite
/ˈæp.ə.taɪt/
Tom has a big appetite. He eats all the time.
V
to help someone.
assist
/əˈsɪst/
Andrew assisted me with my homework.
n
a soft wind
breeze
/briːz/
The breeze caused the leaves to fall off the tree.
V
to work against someone or refuse to do what they say.
defy
/dɪˈfaɪ/
The students got into trouble for defying their teacher’s rules.
V
to show something, especially by putting it in a certain place.
display
/dɪˈspleɪ/
The museum displayed many wonderful paintings.
adj
not wasting energy
efficient
/ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/
My car is very efficient. I rarely have to buy gas.
adj
small or weak
feeble
/ˈfiː.bəl/
The boy was too feeble to carry the object very far.
V
to stop being angry with someone.
forgive
/fɚˈɡɪv/
Sandra forgave Peter after he said he was sorry.
(forgive-forgave-forgiven)
adj
having a lot of energy.
lively
/ˈlaɪv.li/
Jennifer is very lively. she’s always running and playing.
adj
large and impressive.
majestic
/məˈdʒes.tɪk/
The rich people lived in a big, majestic house.
conj
You use … to connect two negative ideas.
.
nor
/nɔːr/
I eat neither apples nor oranges. I don’t like either one
adj
very angry
outraged
/ˈaʊt.reɪdʒd/
My father was outraged when he saw that I had crashed his car.
adj
they believe that the worst will happen.
pessimistic
/ˌpes.əˈmɪs.tɪk/
John is pessimistic. He always thinks something bad will happen.
n
The …. between two or more people is the way in which they behave toward each other.
.
relationship
/rɪˈleɪ.ʃən.ʃɪp/
The teacher was proud of her good relationship with the students
V
to hit someone with the palm of the hand
slap
/slæp/
Out of anger, Helen slapped Eunice on the face.
V
to break something into many small pieces.
smash
/smæʃ/
Jacob smashed the window with a rock.
adj
Someone who achieves what they intended to achieve.
successful
/səkˈses.fəl/
My father is a successful businessman.
n
the money that a person gets for doing a job.
wage
/weɪdʒ/
The wages I receive from my job are really great!
conj
You use …. to show how two things are different.
whereas
/werˈæz/
My sister loves horror movies, whereas I prefer comedies.
adj
When something is …., it has life.
animate
/ˈæn.ə.mət/
Rocks and machines are not animate things.
V
to divide things or people into groups according to their type, or to say which group or type something or someone belongs to
classify
/ˈklæs.ə.faɪ/
The biologist classified the plant as a completely new species.
V
to admit against your wish that something is true.
concede
/kənˈsiːd/
The student conceded that he had cheated on the test.
n
an idea about something.
concept
/ˈkɑːn.sept/
I learned some concepts about molecules before working in the science lab.
V
to make or build something.
construct
/kənˈstrʌkt/
The men used wood and metal to construct a house.
n
a period of ten years.
decade
/ˈdek.eɪd/
She celebrated her three decades of work with the company.
n
a simple drawing that explains what something is or how it works. .
diagram
/ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡræm/
By following the diagram, I was able to put the desk together
n
a boat that carries passengers over short distances.
ferry
/ˈfer.i/
The ferry took the people across the lake.
(also ferry boat)
adj
useful
handy
/ˈhæn.di/
An eraser is handy if you make a lot of mistakes.
V
to separate one person or thing from a group.
isolate
/ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/
The teacher isolated the bad child from the class before talking with her.
n
a strong feeling of wanting.
longing
/ˈlɑːŋ.ɪŋ/
Since he skipped breakfast, he had a longing for food all morning.
adj
If something is …., there are many of those things.
numerous
/ˈnuː.mə.rəs/
It was hard to drive fast since there were numerous holes in the road.
n
a very small piece of something.
particle
/ˈpɑːr.t̬ə.kəl/
The bottles of wine were covered in a layer of dust particles.
n
a request that is urgent or emotional.
plea
/pliː/
The poor, hungry man made a plea for food.
V
to avoid doing something.
refrain
/rɪˈfreɪn/
The doctor asked Mary to refrain from eating fast food as part of her diet.
n
a formal inspection of something by people in authority.
review
/rɪˈvjuː/
The government ordered a careful review of the economic situation.
adj
If someone is …., they know many things about the world.
sophisticated
/səˈfɪs.tə.keɪ.t̬ɪd/
Jake is one of the most sophisticated people I’ve ever met.
V
to give something up.
surrender
/səˈren.dɚ/
The thief surrendered the money to the police when he was caught.
adj
standing up straight.
upright
/ˈʌp.raɪt/
Meerkats can’t walk like humans, but they can stand upright.
adj
important or useful.
worthwhile
/ˌwɝːθˈwaɪl/
On his visit to Canada, he realized studying English was worthwhile.
n
a group of people who work together.
alliance
/əˈlaɪ.əns/
The junior executives formed an alliance with each other.
n
the noise made when people clap their hands to show approval.
applause
At the end of his speech, everyone burst into loud applause.
adj
adj. If you are armed, you are carrying a weapon.
The robber was armed with a gun.
armed
adj. If something is authoritative, it uses the best information available. This book is an authoritative source on ancient Egypt’s Queen Nefertiti.
authoritative
n. Bravery is brave behavior.
The books commended the general’s bravery.
bravery
n. A ceremony is an event that happens on special occasions. Tom and Amy’s marriage ceremony is in June.
ceremony
n. Culture is the music, art, and writings of a certain place or group of people. Ancient Mexican culture is renowned for its architecture.
culture
n. A defense is something that is done to protect another thing.
The air force works in defense of its country.
defense
n. A detail is a small piece of information.
Jane told Ben all the details of her trip to China.
detail
adj. When a group of things is diverse, it is made up of a wide variety of things. Big cities have diverse populations with people of different races and ages.
diverse
v. To enchant someone is to make them feel very interested or happy. The beautiful woman enchanted everybody in the room.
enchant
v. To equip someone is to give them the things needed to do something. Steve was equipped with the tools needed to do the job.
equip
n. An exception is someone or something not conforming to a rule. Most students thought the test was hard, but Tim was the exception.
exception
n. A genre is a type of literature, art, or music characterized by its style. She is considered a master in the comedy genre.
genre
n. An impact is the effect someone or something has. My grandmother had a great impact on my life.
impact
v. To lure someone is to convince them to do something by using a trick. The store lures people in with big signs that say “Sale!”
lure
n. An obstacle is an object or a problem that stops you from doing something. Climbing over the giant rock was the biggest obstacle for the hikers.
obstacle
n. A shelter is a place to go that is safe from danger or bad weather. The frog took shelter from the storm in a nearby hold.
shelter
to give people what they want or need
supply
The water heater supplied the house with warm water.
adj. If people are vain, they are only concerned with how they look. Rebecca is so vain that she looks at herself in every mirror.
vain
n. An alternative is something that you can choose instead of your first choice.
Her first plan to make extra money seemed weak, so she chose an alternative.
alternative
n. An avenue is a road, often a large one with buildings on each side.
Drive down this avenue and then turn left to get to the park.
avenue
n. The belly is the stomach of a person or animal.
His belly was full because he had eaten a lot of food.
belly
n. A bid to do something is an attempt to do it.
He made a bid to become the university’s next president.
bid
v. To blow means to move air or move something through the air, as in the wind.
The wind is blowing very hard today. We should stay inside.
blow
n. A conflict is a fight between different people or groups.
The two nations had a conflict over which one could use the water in the river.
conflict
n. A continent is one of the seven large areas of land on the Earth.
Asia is the largest continent.
continent
n. A current is a steady and constant flow of air or water in a river or ocean. The ocean currents took the ship far off into the sea.
current
n. Disrespect is rudeness or behavior that shows a lack of respect.
He showed disrespect by arguing with his boss during a meeting.
disrespect
n. Enthusiasm is a very strong good feeling about something.
The crowd showed their enthusiasm for the soccer team by cheering loudly.
enthusiasm
harsh [ha:]
adj. When something is harsh, it is very unpleasant. The desert can be a very harsh environment.
harsh
v. To lean is to bend in a particular direction.
The woman leaned against the counter because she was tired.
lean
meantime [mi:ntaim]
n. The meantime is the time between two events.
Ted began setting the table. In the meantime, I began preparing the food.
meantime
mischief [mistfif]
n. Mischief is behavior that is meant to trick or cause trouble for people. Ben was up to mischief when he persuaded Ken to paint his face.
mischief
n. Muscle is a mass of tissue attached to bone that helps you move. She went to the gym in order to make her muscles stronger.
muscle
v. To rescue someone means to remove them from danger. The firefighter rescued the man from the burning building.
rescue
n. A succession is a number of things that follow one after the other. The student said the letters of the alphabet in succession.
succession
n. The terrain is the land and all of its physical features or parts. The terrain below was rocky and full of hills.
terrain
adj. If someone is timid, they are afraid, shy, or nervous.
The timid child hides behind her mother whenever she sees a stranger.
timid
n. Violence is forceful action that is meant to injure or kill people.
The boy hit his brother in an act of violence.
violence
N
a dark mark caused by being hit by something.
bruise
/bruːz/
She got a bruise on her knee from falling down.
n
a ring that is made of plastic, metal, or wood.
hoop
/huːp/
The boys tried to toss the ball through the basketball hoop.
n
a type of hard hat that protects your head.
helmet
/ˈhel.mət/
When exploring underground caves, it is important to always wear a helmet.
n
a person whose job is to cut men’s hair.
barber
/ˈbɑːr.bɚ/
My hair is getting much too long. I’d better go to the barber’s shop.
n
a house or building is a room that is built underground.
basement
/ˈbeɪs.mənt/
They turned their basement into a game room.
n
a group of people who sing together.
choir
/ˈkwaɪ.ɚ/
He had choir practice every day after school.
n
a piece of clothing that covers your fingers and hand.
glove
/ɡlʌv/
When it gets cold, I always put on a pair of gloves.
n
one who lives alone and does not spend time with others.
( especially for religious reasons)
hermit
/ˈhɝː.mɪt/
The hermit lived a simple life in a small cave in the forest.
n
a material made from animal skin that is used to make clothing.
leather
/ˈleð.ɚ/
He got a new leather jacket for his birthday.
n
the words of a film or play.
script
/skrɪpt/
He read the script of the play three times.
n
a set of stairs found inside a building.
staircase
/ˈster.keɪs/
The staircase leads directly into the kitchen.
n
a person who wrote a certain piece of writing.
author
/ˈɑː.θɚ/
The author was hard at work on his next novel.
n
a space between two things that people use to walk.
aisle
/aɪl/
They were told to clear the aisle because the plane was about to land.
n
the items carried by a ship or an airplane.
cargo
/ˈkɑːr.ɡoʊ/
The cargo of the ship got wet when it started raining.
plural cargoes or cargos
n
the air around the Earth where weather conditions form.
atmosphere
/ˈæt.mə.sfɪr/
Scientists worry that harmful substances are hurting the atmosphere.
n
a part of a book that usually has a number or a title.
chapter
/ˈtʃæp.tɚ/
The first chapter of a book usually introduces the main character of a story.
n
A …. is 1000 years.
millennium
Stonehenge is believed to have been built about five millennia ago.
n
a vegetable that is small, round, and green.
pea
/piː/
His favorite food was peas./frozen/dried peas
…pea soup
n
a dried grape.
raisin
/ˈreɪ.zən/
Raisins are one of my favorite snacks.
n
a flat plate used to hold food.
tray
/treɪ/
The waiter brought our food on a The waiter brought our food on a tray.
n
a vehicle that transports people in a medical emergency.
ambulance
/ˈæm.bjə.ləns/
The ambulance sped through the street to get to the accident.
n
An … connects your leg to your foot.
ankle
/ˈæŋ.kəl/
The man hurt his ankle while jogging in the park.
n
a small wooden house in a forest or camping area.
cabin
/ˈkæb.ɪn/
The man reached the mountain cabin after a long day of hiking along the river.
n
a unit of heat used to measure how much energy a food will produce.
calorie
/ˈkæl.ɚ.i/
My sister is on a low-calorie diet for fitness training.
n
a chart that shows the days, weeks, and months of a year.
calendar
/ˈkæl.ən.dɚ/
Marco used an online calendar to keep track of his schedule.
n
an open space or hole underground or inside a mountain or cliff.
cave
/keɪv/
A crystal blue lake could be found in the underground cave.
n
a red-brown metal often used in electric wire and pipes.
copper
/ˈkɑː.pɚ/
Ancient hunters melted copper to make knives and spears.
n
an illness that causes specific problems.
disease
/dɪˈziːz/
He had a disease that caused him to lose his hearing.
n
a belief in a god or gods.
religion
/rɪˈlɪdʒ.ən/
“When one person suffers from a delusion, it is called insanity. When many people suffer from a delusion it is called a Religion.”LINK
adj
honest and truthful.
trustworthy
/ˈtrʌstˌwɝː.ði/
Mary is one of the most trustworthy people I’ve ever met.
n
a poisonous substance that comes from animals or plants.
venom
/ˈvenəm/
A snake’s venom can be used to cure the illnesses it creates.
n
the money and businesses of a country or region.
economy
/iˈkɑː.nə.mi/
The factory was good for the economy because it brought jobs to the area.
n
a large group of countries ruled by an emperor or empress.
empire
/ˈem.paɪr/
The emperor built roads to make travel easier throughout the empire.
V
to travel by asking for rides from passing vehicles.
hitchhike
/ˈhɪtʃ.haɪk/
She didn’t have a car, so she hitchhiked several miles to her brother’s home.
n
a person whose job was to copy written works.
scribe
/skraɪb/
In ancient Egypt, scribes recorded important events.
adj
not help either of the two fighting sides.
neutral
/ˈnuː.trəl/
The girl’s friend remained neutral while the couple was arguing.
the special chair in which a ruler sits.
throne
/θroʊn/
Nobody except the king and queen sat in the thrones in the great hall.
n
a giant rock from outer space.
asteroid
/ˈæs.tə.rɔɪd/
In 1908, a giant asteroid hit Siberia.
V
to change over time.
evolve
/ɪˈvɑːlv/
Many people think that humans evolved from animals.
adj
related to the genes in one’s body.
genetic
/dʒəˈnet̬.ɪk/
The color of one’s eyes is genetic.
n
the collection of all the genes in a living thing.
genome
/ˈdʒiː.noʊm/
Understanding the human genome may help cure many diseases.
n
more than half of the people or things in a group.
majority
/məˈdʒɔː.rə.t̬i/
A majority of the people voted for Tom Smith in the election.
n
a dish with a round deep shape.
bowl
/boʊl/
I put the fruit in the fruit bowl.
n
someone who does not eat any meat products.
vegetarian
/ˌvedʒ.əˈter.i.ən/
I became a vegetarian because I don’t like the taste of meat.
(UK informal veggie)
adj
made of clay
earthen
/ˈɝː.θən/
The house’s roof was made of earthen tiles.
n
medicine or drugs given to people who are sick.
medication
/ˌmed.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/
The doctor gave me medication to treat my illness.
n
the children of a person or the babies of an animal.
offspring
/ˈɑːf.sprɪŋ/
The dog’s offspring had the same color of fur as she did.
n
an animal that usually has hair and is not born from an egg.
mammal
/ˈmæm.əl/
Even though they live in water, whales are actually mammals.
(from Latin mamma “breast, udder”)
V
to remove fruits and vegetables skin.
peel
/piːl/
He peeled the apple before eating it.
adj
covered with sand.
sandy
/ˈsæn.dɪ/
I love walking on a sandy beach.
n
a very hard building material made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones, and water:
concrete
/ˈkɑːn.kriːt/
The man covered the ground with concrete.
n
a vehicle that flies in the sky, such as an airplane or helicopter.
aircraft
/ˈer.kræft/
At the museum in the airport, you can see a lot of old aircraft.
(plural aircraft)
adj
an area which covered with trees.
wooded
/ˈwʊd.ɪd/
Jim and Ben decided to go hiking in the wooded area by the river.
n
a very infectious disease caused by bacteria spread mainly by fleas (= small insects that bite) on rats or other animals, that causes swelling, fever, and usually death in humans :
plague
/pleɪɡ/
A plague in Europe killed millions of people.
V
to write something quickly without caring about how it looks.
scribble
/ˈskrɪb.əl/
I scribbled a rough diagram of our plan and gave it to him.
adj
in, of, or like the countryside
rural
/ˈrʊr.əl/
I want to live in a small house in a rural area.
n
a type of plant or animal.
species
/ˈspiː.ʃiːz/ /ˈspiː.siːz/
There are 21 different species of butterfly in this forest.
plural species
n
a very wet area of land.
swamp
/swɑːmp/
There are lots of wild animals living in the swamp.
n
a heavy object dropped from a boat to make it stay in one place.
anchor
/ˈæŋ.kɚ/
When the ship reached its destination, the crew dropped the anchor.
n
an enclosed area where ships go to be loaded, unloaded, and repaired.
dock
/dɑːk/
The huge ship pulled into the dock, and the crew unloaded the cargo.
adj
helpful, useful, or good
beneficial
/ˌben.əˈfɪʃ.əl/
Drinking milk every day is beneficial for your bones.
n
a forest that is in a place where it rains very often.
rainforest
/ˈreɪn.fɔːr.ɪst/
The rainforest is home to many animals.
adj
If two things are …, they are the same distance away from each other (along their entire length).
parallel
/ˈper.ə.lel/
There are two yellow parallel lines dividing both sides of traffic.
n
any type of vehicle that can carry people or things.
transportation
/ˌtræn.spɚˈteɪ.ʃən/
I don’t have a car, so my normal transportation is the train.
n
a large storm with heavy rain and winds that spin in a circle.
cyclone
/ˈsaɪ.kloʊn/
Hundreds of homes were damaged by the cyclone.
Greek kyklōma wheel, coil
n
a soldier or police officer of middle rank.
sergeant
/ˈsɑːr.dʒənt/
He was promoted to sergeant after a year in the army.
(written abbreviation Sgt); (informal sarge)
