Book 3 Flashcards
1
Q
n
a unit for measuring area. equal to 4,047 square metres
A
acre
/ˈeɪ.kɚ/
They lived on a 150-acre farm.
2
Q
n
a life that some people believe begins when a person dies.
A
afterlife
/ˈæf.tɚ.laɪf/
I believe that there is an afterlife.
3
Q
n
the study of the remains left by ancient societies.
A
archaeology
/ˌɑːr.kiˈɑː.lə.dʒi/
He enjoyed visiting the Great Pyramids of Egypt because he loves archaeology.
(Greek arkhaios “ancient, primeval,” from arkhē “beginning,” verbal noun of arkhein “to be the first,” hence “to begin”)
4
Q
n
is a closed space or room used for a special purpose.
A
chamber
/ˈtʃeɪm.bɚ/
The meeting was held in the faculty chamber.
5
Q
n
a long, deep space between two edges.
A
channel
/ˈtʃæn.əl/
The river cut a channel through the rocks.
6
Q
n
the main or central part of something.
A
core
/kɔːr/
Earth has a solid inner core.
7
Q
n
a narrow passage that leads into other areas.
A
corridor
/ˈkɔːr.ə.dɔːr/
He took the corridor on the left to go to his office.
8
Q
adj
different or stands out.
A
distinct
/dɪˈstɪŋkt/
He has a distinct accent.
9
Q
adj
of or from a high-level group.
A
elite
/iˈliːt/
Only an elite group was allowed membership into the club.
10
Q
V
to skillfully plan out how to make that thing.
A
engineer
/ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪr/
After engineering the robot, they needed to find the correct parts to build it.
11
Q
V
to start, organize, or establish something.
A
found
/faʊnd/
My grandfather founded the City Bank.
12
Q
n
a space between two things.
A
gap
There is a small gap between the blocks of wood.
13
Q
n
the importance, magnificence, or specialness of something.
A
glory
/ˈɡloʊr.i/
They enjoyed the glory of the beautiful sunset.
14
Q
n
the inside of something.
A
interior
/ɪnˈtɪr.i.ɚ/
They looked at the interior of the box.
15
Q
n
a large animal in the cat family.
A
lion
/ˈlaɪ.ən/
We went to see the lion at the zoo.
((female lioness))
16
Q
n
a job, position, or part in something.
A
role
/roʊl/
Her role in the office is to sell products to customers.
17
Q
adj
related to a king or queen.
A
royal
/ˈrɔɪ.əl/
The Duchess was part of the royal family.
18
Q
adj
the only one person or thing.
A
sole
/soʊl/
She was the sole woman in the room.
19
Q
**
a set of steps built to go from one level of a building to another.
A
stairs
/steərz/
He took the stairs instead of the elevator.
20
Q
n
the top layer of something.
A
surface
/ˈsɜː.fɪs/
She wiped the surface of the table.
21
Q
n
a formal decision about future action.
A
agreement
/əˈɡriː.mənt/
I think you’ll get Tom’s agreement to this proposal.
OPP: disagreement
22
Q
V
to happen.
A
arise
/əˈraɪz/
Difficulties arose with his computer because it was old.
(arise / arose / arisen)
23
Q
n
a person who gives money to help someone.
A
benefactor
/ˈben.ə.fæk.tɚ/
The student’s benefactor gave him money to spend on his studies.
24
Q
n
a person who makes things out of metal.
A
blacksmith
The blacksmith pounded the piece of metal until it was flat.
25
# n
a tall pipe used to carry smoke out of a building.
**chimney**
| /ˈtʃɪm.ni/
## Footnote
The cat was sitting on the roof next to the **chimney**.
26
# V
to pay someone for the time they spent doing something.
**compensate**
| /ˈkɑːm.pən.seɪt/
## Footnote
Her boss **compensated** her for the extra work she did last week.
27
# V
to find or meet a person or thing.
**encounter**
| /ɪnˈkaʊn.t̬ɚ/
## Footnote
I **encountered** a sea turtle while I was swimming.
28
# V
to be more than something.
**exceed**
| /ɪkˈsiːd/
## Footnote
Since I **exceeded** my limit, I decided to get rid of my credit cards.
29
# V
to make or produce, especially with difficulty.
**forge**
| /fɔːrdʒ/
## Footnote
Stacy and Heather **forged** their friendship when they were teenagers.
30
# adj
not proud or not believing that you are important:
**humble**
| /ˈhʌm.bəl/
## Footnote
Even though Bob is the smartest boy in his class, he is **humble**.
31
# n
a strong metal that is used to make many objects.
**iron**
| /aɪrn/
## Footnote
The horse had shoes made of **iron**.
((symbol Fe))
32
# n
an object that is used to climb up and down things.
**ladder**
| /ˈlæd.ɚ/
## Footnote
He used a **ladder** to climb to the top of his tree house.
33
# adj
not usually talking about or making obvious your own abilities and achievements:
**modest**
| /ˈmɑː.dɪst/
## Footnote
Derek is very **modest** for someone who is so rich.
34
# V
to fill, exist in, or use a place or period of time:
**occupy**
| /ˈɑː.kjə.paɪ/
## Footnote
Kevin and Alice **occupied** the chairs and had a long discussion.
35
# n
a coin worth one cent.
**penny**
| /ˈpen.i/
## Footnote
US President Abraham Lincoln is on the **penny**.
(plural p, pence or pennies)
36
# V
to talk about and promote a religious idea.
**preach**
| /priːtʃ/
## Footnote
Aaron often **preached** about living an honest life.
37
# V
to be successful or make a lot of money.
**prosper**
| /ˈprɑː.spɚ/
## Footnote
Frank's new business finally **prospered** after many years of hard work.
38
# n
an area that is controlled by a country.
**province**
| /ˈprɑː.vɪns/
## Footnote
Canada is divided into several different **provinces**.
39
# n
the feeling of having done or received something good.
**satisfaction**
| /ˌsæt̬.ɪsˈfæk.ʃən/
## Footnote
Brad was filled with **satisfaction** when he saw what was for dinner.
40
# V
to keep something going.
**sustain**
| /səˈsteɪn/
## Footnote
Wind power is a clean way to **sustain** a city with energy.
41
# V
to get or gain possession of something.
**acquire**
| /əˈkwaɪɚ/
## Footnote
Tina **acquired** a strange package yesterday.
42
# adj
embarrassing and uncomfortable.
**awkward**
| /ˈɑː.kwɚd/
## Footnote
After dropping his coffee cup, Robbie felt **awkward**.
43
# n
a person who takes care of very young, old, or sick people.
**caretaker**
| /ˈkerˌteɪ.kɚ/
## Footnote
My grandmother's **caretaker** helps her get around the house.
43
# V
a. to cause to believe what is not true : to mislead
b. to act in a way that hides one's true intentions
**deceive**
| /dɪˈsiːv/
## Footnote
He tried to **deceive** his friends with a card trick.
44
# V
to make someone feel less excited about something.
**discourage**
| /dɪˈskɝː.ɪdʒ/
## Footnote
Mr. Perry **discouraged** the students from quitting school.
45
# adj
is made to look real in order to trick people.
fake
| /feɪk/
## Footnote
The model was wearing **fake** hair.
46
# n
a strong feeling of not liking someone or something.
**hatred**
| /ˈheɪ.trɪd/
## Footnote
I have a **hatred** for the taste of medicine.
46
# n
a house made of wood, grass, or mud that has only one or two rooms.
**hut**
| /hʌt/
## Footnote
We all went into the **hut** to sleep.
46
# adj
not as good as something else.
**inferior**
| /ɪnˈfɪr.i.ɚ/
## Footnote
Cars built a hundred years ago are **inferior** to ones built today.
47
# n
a person who has recently arrived at a place or a group.
**newcomer**
| /ˈnuːˌkʌm.ɚ/
## Footnote
The students happily welcomed the **newcomer** to the school.
48
# n
a house in the mountains used by people who hunt or fish.
**lodge**
| /lɑːdʒ/
## Footnote
During our ski trip, we stayed at a **lodge**.
49
# V
to not take care of someone or something properly.
**neglect**
| /nɪˈɡlekt/
## Footnote
William **neglected** his room, so it is a complete mess.
50
# n
behavior that is wrong or breaks a law.
**offense**
## Footnote
Stealing a car is a very serious **offense**.
US spelling of **offence**
51
# V
to not notice something or to not realize that it is important.
**overlook**
| /ˌoʊ.vɚˈlʊk/
## Footnote
Brenda **overlooked** the last step and had a bad fall.
52
# V
to pay back or to reward someone or something.
**repay**
| /rɪˈpeɪ/
## Footnote
She **repaid** her friend for all of his hard work with a small gift.
53
# adj
silly or strange.
**ridiculous**
| /rɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/
## Footnote
Steve looked **ridiculous** with those huge blue sunglasses.
54
# adj
good enough.
**satisfactory**
| /ˌsæt̬.ɪsˈfæk.tɚ.i/
## Footnote
Mina often received **satisfactory** grades since she studied so hard.
55
# n
is a person who protects and cares for sheep
**shepherd**
| /ˈʃep.ɚd/
## Footnote
The **shepherd** moved the sheep to another field.
56
# V
to go to a place that may be dangerous.
**venture**
| /ˈven.tʃɚ/
## Footnote
Even though it was dangerous, they **ventured** up the mountain.
57
# n
a plant from which we get the grain used to make bread.
**wheat**
## Footnote
The field of golden **wheat** was ready to be harvested.
58
# n
a narrow road between houses or buildings.
**alley**
| /ˈæl.i/
## Footnote
The **alley** behind my house looks dirty.
59
# N
a tool used to cut wood.
**ax**
| /æks/
## Footnote
She used an **ax** to cut some wood for the fire.
59
# n
a group of the same things.
**bunch**
| /bʌntʃ/
## Footnote
She was hungry, so she ate the entire **bunch** of grapes.
60
# n
an unpleasant job that must be done.
**chore**
| /tʃɔːr/
## Footnote
It's Nikki's **chore** to do the dishes every Tuesday and Wednesday night
61
# adj
A ... person or thing is OK or good enough.
**decent**
| /ˈdiː.sənt/
## Footnote
Eric did a **decent** job painting the fence.
62
# n
the middle part of an arm, where it bends.
**elbow**
| /ˈel.boʊ/
## Footnote
She pointed to her **elbow** to show me where she hurt herself.
62
# adj
very bad behavior
**disgraceful**
| /dɪsˈɡreɪs.fəl/
## Footnote
This is a **disgraceful** waste of money.
63
# adj
A .... person feels thankful about something.
**grateful**
| /ˈɡreɪt.fəl/
## Footnote
The girls were **grateful** for the chance to visit their grandfather.
64
# V
to say something that is not true as a joke.
**kid**
| /kɪd/
## Footnote
I am not really mad. I was **kidding** when I said I was angry.
2nd meanind: a child
3rd meaning: a young goat
64
# V
to annoy someone.
**irritate**
| /ˈɪr.ə.teɪt/
## Footnote
Karen's brother irritated her when he told her that he had lost her camera.
65
# adj
A ..... thing is not held in place tightly.
**loose**
| /luːs/
## Footnote
The bolt was **loose**, so I tightened it with the wrench.
66
# V
to make someone angry or upset.
**offend**
| /əˈfend/
## Footnote
They were both **offended** by what they had said to each other.
66
# adv
An ..... action happens during the night.
**overnight**
| /ˌoʊ.vɚˈnaɪt/
## Footnote
The campers stayed in the tent **overnight**.
67
# V
to keep doing something even when it is hard.
**persist**
| /pɚˈsɪst/
## Footnote
Even though the lesson was difficult, he **persisted** until he understood.
68
# n
a type of tall, thin tree with needles instead of leaves.
**pine**
| /paɪn/
## Footnote
There were many beautiful **pine** trees in the forest.
69
# n
a mark on the skin after a wound heals.
**scar**
| /skɑːr/
## Footnote
The man had horrible **scars** on his cheek and forehead.
70
# n
a feeling that people get from their senses.
**sensation**
| /senˈseɪ.ʃən/
## Footnote
Mom got a painful **sensation** in her head from the loud noise.
71
# n
a small vehicle used on snow.
**sled**
| /sled/
## Footnote
Marvin likes to ride his **sled** down the hill in winter.
(UK **sledge**)
72
# V
to laugh at or make fun of someone.
**tease**
| /tiːz/
## Footnote
Jake **teased** Charlie because he was the new student.
73
# n
someone loved or admired with great affection.
**valentine**
| /ˈvæl.ən.taɪn/
## Footnote
Harry wanted Molly to be his **valentine**.
73
# V
to get to know something or someone.
**acquaint**
| /əˈkweɪnt/
## Footnote
Nancy **acquainted** herself with the new computer.
73
# n
a place where people are buried when they die.
**cemetery**
| /ˈsem.ə.ter.i/
## Footnote
Some people are scared of **cemeteries**.
74
# n
an animal or person
**creature**
| /ˈkriː.tʃɚ/
## Footnote
Those **creatures** live in Africa.
75
# V
to hope that bad things happen to someone or something
**curse**
| /kɝːs/
## Footnote
The witch **cursed** the village.
76
# n
something you wear so people cannot tell who you are.
**disguise**
| /dɪsˈɡaɪz/
## Footnote
Everyone knew that it was Dad in the Santa **disguise**.
77
# adj
A .... thing is nicer or more detailed than normal.
**fancy**
| /ˈfæn.si/
## Footnote
Their table was all set for a **fancy** dinner.
78
# n
A part of a coat that goes over a person's head.
**hood**
| /hʊd/
## Footnote
She put on her **hood** to keep her head warm.
78
# n
a small electric light that people carry in their hands.
**flashlight**
| /ˈflæʃ.laɪt/
## Footnote
We took a **flashlight** when we went camping.
79
# n
a person who lives in a certain place.
**inhabitant**
| /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/
## Footnote
The number of **inhabitants** in the countryside is increasing.
80
# V
to give someone or something the food needed to live.
**nourish**
| /ˈnɝː.ɪʃ/
## Footnote
A good mother will **nourish** her baby every day.
81
# n
a sailor who steals things from other boats.
**pirate**
| /ˈpaɪr.ət/
## Footnote
**Pirates** are very scary characters.
82
# n
something printed, like a newspaper or book.
**publication**
| /ˌpʌb.ləˈkeɪ.ʃən/
## Footnote
She's been a subscriber to that **publication** for over ten years.
83
# n
a question that is difficult to answer but meant to be funny.
**riddle**
| /ˈrɪd.əl/
## Footnote
I could not answer Wendy's **riddle**, but it made me laugh.
84
# V
to slowly get softer and become destroyed.
**rot**
| /rɑːt/
## Footnote
The old log began to **rot** in the forest.
85
# adv
An action that happens happens very soon.
**shortly**
| /ˈʃɔːrt.li/
## Footnote
My workday will end **shortly**.
85
# n
is all the bones of a body.
**skeleton**
| /ˈskel.ə.t̬ən/
## Footnote
There is a **skeleton** in the science classroom.
85
# V
to rot or to make bad.
**spoil**
| /spɔɪl/
## Footnote
We left the fruit out too long, and it **spoiled**.
86
# V
to not get enough food for a long period of time.
**starve**
| /stɑːrv/
## Footnote
During the war, many people **starved**.
87
# adj
very bad or evil person
**wicked**
| /ˈwɪk.ɪd/
## Footnote
My boss is a very **wicked** man.
87
# n
an exciting feeling, usually caused by something pleasant:
**thrill**
| /θrɪl/
## Footnote
The surfer enjoys the **thrill** of surfing a big wave.
88
# V
to tell or warn that someone about something.
**alert**
| /əˈlɝːt/
## Footnote
The fire alarm **alerted** us that there was a problem.
89
# n
a television or radio show.
**broadcast**
| /ˈbrɑːd.kæst/
## Footnote
We watched the **broadcast** of the local news on TV.
89
# n
a news report about very recent and important events.
**bulletin**
| /ˈbʊl.ə.t̬ɪn/
## Footnote
There was a live **bulletin** reporting on the economy of the city.
90
# n
a small raised area on a surface.
**bump**
| /bʌmp/
## Footnote
The monkey got a **bump** on his head because he was hit by a rock.
91
# V
to cut it into pieces with a tool.
**chop**
| /tʃɑːp/
## Footnote
Mom **chopped** some vegetables to put into the stew.
91
# V
to give comfort to a person who feels sad.
**console**
| /kənˈsoʊl/
## Footnote
When my dog ran away, my dad **consoled** me.
92
# n
a small part of a city, county, state, or country.
**district**
| /ˈdɪs.trɪkt/
## Footnote
I live in a residential **district** of Seattle, Washington.
93
# n
a small part in furniture that is used to store things.
**drawer**
| /drɔːr/
## Footnote
I put my clothes into the empty **drawers**.
94
# n
a small room used to store things.
**closet**
## Footnote
Marie has many clothes inside of her **closet**.
94
# V
to experience and survive something difficult.
**endure**
| /ɪnˈdʊr/
## Footnote
She had to **endure** her husband shouting all day long.
95
# V
to kill someone as a legal punishment.
**execute**
| /ˈek.sə.kjuːt/
## Footnote
Some people are **executed** for serious crimes.
96
# n
the back part of something.
**rear**
| /rɪr/
## Footnote
The man loaded the **rear** of his truck with boxes.
96
# V
to hold something.
**grasp**
| /ɡræsp/
## Footnote
He **grasped** the bag of money tightly.
97
# n
someone who makes laws for a state.
**senator**
| /ˈsen.ə.t̬ɚ/
## Footnote
The young **senator** promised to make laws that would help the people.
98
# n
the hard head bone that protects the brain.
**skull**
| /skʌl/
## Footnote
The brain is protected by the **skull**.
98
# V
to mix something using something small, like a spoon.
**stir**
## Footnote
Mom **stirred** the batter until it was smooth.
99
# V
to hit something lightly.
**tap**
| /tæp/
## Footnote
He **tapped** the keys of the keyboard to write a short word.
100
# prep
below or under.
**underneath**
| /ˌʌn.dɚˈniːθ/
## Footnote
The roots of a tree are located **underneath** the ground.
100
# adj
very large or very good.
**tremendous**
| /trɪˈmen.dəs/
## Footnote
The Earth's oceans are filled with a **tremendous** amount of water.
100
# n
a small animal with a long, thin body.
**worm**
| /wɝːm/
## Footnote
**Worms** are often used to help catch fish.
101
# V
to leave something forever or for a long time.
**abandon**
| /əˈbæn.dən/
## Footnote
The old room had been **abandoned** years before.
102
# adj
An .... person wants to be rich or successful.
**ambitious**
| /æmˈbɪʃ.əs/
## Footnote
Kendra had to be **ambitious** to get into medical school.
102
# V
to make a short, loud noise, like a dog.
**bark**
| /bɑːrk/
## Footnote
The dog **barked** loudly and frighteningly.
103
# n
an area near the ocean where the land goes inward.
**bay**
| /beɪ/
## Footnote
The Golden Gate Bridge crosses San Francisco **Bay**.
104
# n
the hard part at the bottom of a person's face.
**chin**
## Footnote
Luke pointed to the hair on his **chin**.
104
# adj
very bright or smart person
**brilliant**
| /ˈbrɪl.jənt/
## Footnote
My younger sister is **brilliant** for someone her age.
105
# n
an expression of unhappiness about something.
**complaint**
| /kəmˈpleɪnt/
## Footnote
Mom said she didn't want to hear my brother's **complaints**.
106
# adj
unable to hear, either completely or partly:
**deaf**
| /def/
## Footnote
Susan uses sign language because she is **deaf**.
106
# n
where the sky looks like it meets the ground.
**horizon**
| /həˈraɪ.zən/
## Footnote
The sun dipped below the **horizon**.
107
# adj
... people always help or support a certain person or thing.
**loyal**
| /ˈlɔɪ.əl/
## Footnote
The three friends are very **loyal** to each other.
108
# n
the person in charge of a city.
**mayor**
| /mer/
## Footnote
The **mayor** of my hometown is quite a powerful speaker.
109
# adj
A person who is excited by or interested in something.
**enthusiastic**
| /ɪnˌθuː.ziˈæs.tɪk/
## Footnote
The man was **enthusiastic** about his job.
110
# adj
is felt in the same way by two or more people.
**mutual**
| /ˈmjuː.tʃu.əl/
## Footnote
Robert likes Sarah, and she likes him. The feeling is **mutual**.
110
# n
a long trip, usually to a place very far away.
**expedition**
| /ˌek.spəˈdɪʃ.ən/
## Footnote
They got into their spaceship to begin their **expedition**.
111
# adj
heavier than is healthy.
**overweight**
| /ˌoʊ.vɚˈweɪt/
## Footnote
Lisa eats too much, so now she's **overweight**.
112
# n
a place of safety.
**refuge**
| /ˈref.juːdʒ/
## Footnote
When it started to rain, she found **refuge** in the house.
113
# V
to put something back the way it was.
**restore**
| /rɪˈstɔːr/
## Footnote
Victor **restored** the old car.
113
# V
to push on something and move your hand back and forth.
**rub**
| /rʌb/
## Footnote
Mom's feet were sore, so she **rubbed** them.
113
# n
how living things experience the world: sight, taste, smell, hearing and touch.
**senses**
| /sens/
## Footnote
It would be hard to live without your five **senses**.
114
# n
a doctor who takes care of animals.
**veterinarian**
| /ˌvet.ər.ɪˈner.i.ən/
## Footnote
Wanda became a **veterinarian** because she loves dogs.
formal for **vet**
115
# n
a day that celebrates something from the past.
**anniversary**
| /ˌæn.əˈvɝː.sɚ.i/
## Footnote
My parents went out to a restaurant for their wedding **anniversary**.
115
# n
the fundamental of mathematics that involves the adding and multiplying, etc. of numbers:
**arithmetic**
| /əˈrɪθ.mə.tɪk/
## Footnote
I like to study **arithmetic** at school.
from Greek arithmētikē (tekhnē) ‘(art) of counting’, from **arithmos** ‘number’.
116
# adj
feeling upset and embarrassed because of a bad action.
**ashamed**
| /əˈʃeɪmd/
## Footnote
He was **ashamed** when he forgot his teacher's name.
117
# V
to suddenly break open or apart.
**burst**
| /bɝːst/
## Footnote
The bomb **burst** over the city.
118
# n
a hard black material that people burn for heat.
**coal**
| /koʊl/
## Footnote
Many power stations burn **coal** to produce energy.
118
# n
a person who builds things with wood.
**carpenter**
| /ˈkɑːr.pɪn.t̬ɚ/
## Footnote
We hired a **carpenter** to make a cupboard.
119
# n
a long, soft seat that many people can sit on.
**couch**
| /kaʊtʃ/
## Footnote
Kim and Martin's new **couch** was very expensive.
120
# V
to fall a little bit at a time.
**drip**
| /drɪp/
## Footnote
I heard water **dripping** from the faucet.
120
# adj
very fancy and pleasing.
**elegant**
| /ˈel.ə.ɡənt/
## Footnote
In Japan, women wear **elegant** kimonos on special occasions.
120
# n
cloth used to make clothes, furniture, etc.
**fabric**
| /ˈfæb.rɪk/
## Footnote
The towels were made from a soft **fabric**.
121
# n
are high areas of land, usually with mountains.
**highlands**
| /ˈhaɪ.ləndz/
## Footnote
The man had a small home in the **highlands**.
122
# n
a hard, white substance that comes from elephants.
**ivory**
| /ˈaɪ.vɚ.i/
## Footnote
The elephant's long **ivory** tusks looked very impressive.
123
# n
a building in which wheat is ground into flour.
**mill**
| /mɪl/
## Footnote
The farmer took his wheat to the **mill** to make it into flour.
123
# n
a small, sharp piece of metal used to make or fix clothes.
**needle**
## Footnote
I used a **needle** to fix the hole in my pants.
124
# V
to put pieces of cloth together using string or thread.
**sew**
| /soʊ/
## Footnote
I learned to **sew** when I was a little girl.
sew - sewed | sewn or sewed
124
# V
to rub something in order to make it shiny.
**polish**
| /ˈpɑː.lɪʃ/
## Footnote
Mark spent all morning **polishing** his shoes for the wedding.
125
# n
a small building in which people store things like tools.
**shed**
| /ʃed/
## Footnote
We have a small **shed** in the backyard for storage.
125
# n
a thin piece of string.
**thread**
| /θred/
## Footnote
I have many different colors of **thread** at home.
126
# V
to cut something a little bit.
**trim**
| /trɪm/
## Footnote
I had my hair **trimmed** this afternoon.
127
# adv
An .... action moves vertically towards the direction above.
**upwards**
| /ˈʌp.wɚdz/
## Footnote
The kite went **upwards** further and further.
127
# n
someone who agrees to help or support another person or group.
**ally**
| /ˈæl.aɪ/
## Footnote
I was happy to find many **allies** who shared my opinion.
128
# V
to talk about how great one is.
**boast**
| /boʊst/
## Footnote
We all became tired of listening to him **boast** about himself all day.
129
# n
substances in foods like bread that give energy.
**carbohydrate**
| /ˌkɑːr.boʊˈhaɪ.dreɪt/
## Footnote
**Carbohydrates** like rice are a good source of energy for active people.
129
# V
to move up and away from a surface after hitting it.
**bounce**
| /baʊns/
## Footnote
Owen **bounced** the ball on the ground.
129
# n
a person who is mean to others.
**bully**
| /ˈbʊl.i/
## Footnote
The two **bullies** always picked on the smaller, weaker kids.
130
# V
to move slowly on hands and knees.
**crawl**
| /krɑːl/
## Footnote
The baby **crawled** across the floor.
130
# V
to beat a person in a game or battle.
| /dɪˈfiːt/
**defeat**
## Footnote
The champion **defeated** the challenger in the boxing match.
131
# n
a circular tool, like the front of a clock.
**dial**
| /ˈdaɪ.əl/
## Footnote
I looked at the **dial** to see what time it was.
132
# n
a person or group trying to defeat another person or group.
**opponent**
| /əˈpoʊ.nənt/
## Footnote
On the field, our **opponents** were too good for us.
133
# adj
feeling or causing pain.
**sore**
| /sɔːr/
## Footnote
After lifting the heavy box, Mona's back was **sore**.
134
# v
to cause pain by pushing a sharp part into the skin.
**sting**
| /stɪŋ/
## Footnote
The needle **stung** my arm and made me say, "Ouch!"
sting - stung - stung
135
# V
to move your head up and down.
**nod**
| /nɑːd/
## Footnote
I **nodded** my head as I listened to the song.
135
# V
to argue or fight.
**quarrel**
| /ˈkwɔːr.əl/
## Footnote
Billy **quarreled** with his wife about buying a new house.
135
# n
someone trying to achieve the same thing as another.
**rival**
| /ˈraɪ.vəl/
## Footnote
The three **rivals** were all competing for the same job.
136
# nw
action that causes physical or mental pain.
**torture**
| /ˈtɔːr.tʃɚ/
## Footnote
Greg thought that writing the essay was **torture**.
137
# V
to try very hard.
**strain**
| /streɪn/
## Footnote
Casey **strained** to lift the heavy box.
137
# n
the state of something being away.
**absence**
| /ˈæbsəns/
## Footnote
There is an **absence** of sand in the hourglass.
137
# adv
An action done so that people can hear it.
**aloud**
| /əˈlaʊd/
## Footnote
My father often reads stories **aloud** to me and my sister.
137
# V
to try to push another competitor to the floor.
**wrestle**
| /ˈres.əl/
## Footnote
My dad loved to **wrestle** when he was in high school.
138
# adj
A ... person or animal has no hair.
**bald**
## Footnote
My oldest brother is **bald**.
139
# n
a piece of cloth that people use to keep warm or to sit upon.
**blanket**
| /ˈblæŋ.kɪt/
## Footnote
I laid a **blanket** on the ground so that we could have a picnic.
140
# V
to move quietly and slowly.
**creep**
| /kriːp/
## Footnote
The cat slowly **crept** down the tree.
**creep - crept - crept**
141
# adj
the whole thing or group.
**entire**
| /ɪnˈtaɪr/
## Footnote
The **entire** table was covered with food.
141
# n
a feeling or act of kindness.
**mercy**
| /ˈmɝː.si/
## Footnote
He asked his boss for **mercy** and to not fire him.
141
# adj
more important, strong, or noticeable than anything else of the same type:
**dominant**
| /ˈdɑː.mə.nənt/
## Footnote
The gorilla is one of the **dominant** animals in the jungle.
142
# n
the process of ending a marriage.
**divorce**
| /dɪˈvɔːrs/
## Footnote
**Divorce** rates have increased in the past twenty years.
143
# V
to act in the exact same way.
**imitate**
| /ˈɪm.ə.teɪt/
## Footnote
He **imitated** his favorite superhero by putting on a costume.
143
# n
a baby or a very young child:
**infant**
| /ˈɪn.fənt/
## Footnote
The **infant** cried all night.
144
# V
to take someone illegally.
**kidnap**
| /ˈkɪd.næp/
## Footnote
She was terrified to find out her son had been **kidnapped**.
144
# n
a short sleep, usually during the day.
**nap**
| /næp/
## Footnote
I took a short **nap** because I had stayed up late last night.
145
# adv
no place or not existing.
**nowhere**
| /ˈnoʊ.wer/
## Footnote
Unfortunately, water was **nowhere** to be found.
145
# V
to hit something softly with your hand.
**pat**
| /pæt/
## Footnote
I **patted** some lotion onto my face.
146
# n
a good feeling after something bad or challenging ends.
**relief**
| /rɪˈliːf/
## Footnote
I felt a sense of **relief** when I heard the good news.
146
# V
to make something exactly how someone else did it.
**reproduce**
| /ˌriː.prəˈduːs/
## Footnote
The children tried to **reproduce** their house using toy blocks.
147
# n
A writing or speech that has words with the same ending sounds.
**rhyme**
| /raɪm/
## Footnote
"Humpty Dumpty" is an old **rhyme** that children learn in school.
148
# V
to put something in your mouth and try to get something out of it.
**suck**
| /sʌk/
## Footnote
The baby **sucked** milk from her bottle.
149
# adj
important and needs to be done now.
**urgent**
| /ˈɝː.dʒənt/
## Footnote
He had to leave at that moment; it was **urgent**.
150
# V
to go away suddenly.
**vanish**
| /ˈvæn.ɪʃ/
## Footnote
All the passengers **vanished** from the train station.
150
# n
a cart used to carry heavy things.
**wagon**
## Footnote
He used his **wagon** to carry some of his gifts.
151
# n
a line on a person's face that appears as they get old.
**wrinkle**
| /ˈrɪŋ.kəl/
## Footnote
My grandfather has some **wrinkles** on his face.
152
# n
the design and form of a building.
**architecture**
| /ˈɑːr.kə.tek.tʃɚ/
## Footnote
The Sydney Opera House is a good example of modern **architecture**.
152
# n
a container made of woven materials that is used to carry things.
**basket**
| /ˈbæs.kət/
## Footnote
He put the vegetables in a **basket**.
153
# V
to produce an open flower.
**bloom**
| /bluːm/
## Footnote
The white daisies were about to **bloom**.
154
# n
a long, light boat with pointed ends.
**canoe**
| /kəˈnuː/
## Footnote
He paddled his **canoe** to the edge of the lake.
155
# n
a thick, heavy, woven fabric used to cover the floor.
**carpet**
| /ˈkɑːr.pət/
## Footnote
His white living room **carpet** was soft.
156
# n
is the child of one's aunt and uncle.
**cousin**
| /ˈkʌz.ən/
## Footnote
My **cousin** looks just like me.
157
# n
a piece of furniture that people sit at to do work.
desk
| /desk/
## Footnote
She put the books on her **desk**.
157
# n
a large space where people can see works of art.
**gallery**
| /ˈɡæl.ɚ.i/
## Footnote
The art **gallery** displayed beautiful paintings.
158
# n
someone who is invited to an event, occasion, or location.
**guest**
| /ɡest/
## Footnote
Alice invited a special **guest** for dinner.
159
# n
someone who invites a guest someplace.
**host**
| /hoʊst/
## Footnote
He was a gracious **host**.
159
# n
The seventh month of the year is July.
**July**
| /dʒʊˈlaɪ/
## Footnote
Her birthday is in **July**.
(written abbreviation **Jul**.)
160
# n
belongs to the current time.
**modern**
| /ˈmɑː.dɚn/
## Footnote
The kitchen had a **modern** look.
160
# n
a building that displays cultural, social, and scientific objects.
**museum**
| /mjuːˈziː.əm/
## Footnote
The Louvre is a famous **museum** in France.
from Greek mouseion ‘seat of the Muses’, based on mousa ‘muse’.
160
# adj
a pale shade of red.
**pink**
| /pɪŋk/
## Footnote
She chose a **pink** lipstick.
161
# n
a vehicle that has an engine and wings and flies in the air.
**plane**
| /pleɪn/
## Footnote
They took a **plane** across the ocean to India.
(UK also **aeroplane**); (US also **airplane**)
162
# n
a large electrical machine used to keep food cold.
**refrigerator**
| /rɪˈfrɪdʒ.ə.reɪ.t̬ɚ/
## Footnote
He kept milk, eggs, and butter in the **refrigerator**.
162
# V
to think that something will happen.
**anticipate**
| /ænˈtɪs.ə.peɪt/
## Footnote
Carrie **anticipated** the arrival of her baby.
163
# n
a round thing that you can keep liquids in
**barrel**
| /ˈber.əl/
## Footnote
There was an empty **barrel** outside the house.
164
# n
a heavy bar.
**beam**
| /biːm/
## Footnote
Modern skyscrapers are made with many **beams**.
164
# adj
not formal; relaxed in style or manner:
**casual**
| /ˈkæʒ.uː.əl/
## Footnote
You can wear **casual** clothes, like jeans, to the party.
165
# n
care and attention in order to avoid danger.
**caution**
| /ˈkɑː.ʃən/
## Footnote
Please use the power saw with **caution**. It is very dangerous.
166
# n
the opposite to another thing.
**contrary**
## Footnote
It isn't warm outside at all. On the **contrary**, it is quite cold.
167
# adj
A .... action is one done on purpose, not by accident.
**deliberate**
| /dɪˈlɪb.ɚ.ət/
## Footnote
Bernie made a **deliberate** attempt to injure Andy.
168
dissolve
168
# V
to suddenly move apart in many smaller pieces.
**explode**
| /ɪkˈsploʊd/
## Footnote
The old TV **exploded** when I plugged it in.
169
# n
a measure of how hot or cold something is.
**temperature**
| /ˈtem.pɚ.ə.tʃɚ/
## Footnote
In the winter, the **temperature** can drop below 0 degrees.
169
# n
a place where people can watch movies or live shows.
**theater**
| /ˈθiː.ə.t̬ɚ/
## Footnote
He took her to see a comedy show at the **theater**.
170
# adj
higher position
**upper**
| /ˈʌp.ɚ/
## Footnote
He took the elevator to the **upper** floor.
170
# V
to greet someone or something with pleasure.
**welcome**
| /ˈwel.kəm/
## Footnote
She greeted her friends with a warm **welcome**.
171
# n
a small towel.
**rag**
| /ræɡ/
## Footnote
Please use a **rag** to clean the dust off the table.
172
# V
to make something go in many places.
**scatter**
| /ˈskæt̬.ɚ/
## Footnote
I accidentally **scattered** all of my pills.
173
# n
a pleasant natural **smell**
**scent**
| /sent/
## Footnote
Julie enjoyed the **scent** of the flowers.
174
# n
a strong gray metal.
**steel**
| /stiːl/
## Footnote
The new apartment building was made with **steel**.
175
# n
a very small living thing that can make people sick.
**germ**
| /dʒɝːm/
## Footnote
**Germs** are on everything that you touch.
175
# V
to close something or attach it to something
**fasten**
| /ˈfæs.ən/
## Footnote
Elizabeth **fastened** her seat belt.
176
# n
a set of all the things needed to do something.
**kit**
| /kɪt/
## Footnote
Is there a first aid **kit** in your office?
177
# n
a little bit of smoke or steam.
**puff**
| /pʌf/
## Footnote
A **puff** of smoke came from the burnt match.
178
# adj
fast person or animal
**swift**
| /swɪft/
## Footnote
The **swift** horse easily jumped over the hurdle.
179
# V
to throw something softly.
**toss**
| /tɑːs/
## Footnote
He **tossed** a coin into the air.
180
# n
the act or feeling of winning.
**triumph**
| /ˈtraɪ.əmf/
## Footnote
He raised the award in **triumph** at the end of his speech.
180
# prep
on or onto a ship, aircraft, bus, or train:
**aboard**
| /əˈbɔːrd/
## Footnote
They climbed **aboard** the kayak and paddled through the river.
181
# adj
A .... person feels upset or angry about something.
**bitter**
| /ˈbɪt̬.ɚ/
## Footnote
He was extremely **bitter** when his computer crashed.
182
# n
a small metal object that is shot out of a gun.
**bullet**
| /ˈbʊl.ɪt/
## Footnote
**Bullets** come in different sizes for different guns.
183
# n
a powerful evil spirit in some religions.
**devil**
| /ˈdev.əl/
## Footnote
The church promised protection from the **devil**.
183
# V
to make a person follow a rule.
**enforce**
| /ɪnˈfɔːrs/
## Footnote
Police **enforce** traffic laws to keep everyone safe.
183
# n
a source of water made by people.
**fountain**
| /ˈfaʊn.tən/
## Footnote
There was a beautiful **fountain** in the middle of the park
183
# V
to be moved slowly by wind or water.
**drift**
| /drɪft/
## Footnote
The large chunk of ice **drifted** in the water.
184
# n
an area of water along a shore where boats land.
**harbor**
| /ˈhɑːr.bɚ/
## Footnote
There were a few small boats in the **harbor**.
US spelling of **harbour**
184
# V
to live in a certain place.
**inhabit**
| /ɪnˈhæb.ɪt/
## Footnote
No one **inhabits** the ancient city.
185
# V
to walk at a steady pace together with others.
**march**
| /mɑːrtʃ/
## Footnote
The soldiers **marched** in straight rows.
186
# n
a person who has at least a million dollars.
**millionaire**
| /ˌmɪl.jəˈner/
## Footnote
He became a **millionaire** because he was smart with his money.
(female also **millionairess**)
187
# V
to lose liquid from the body through the skin.
sweat
| /swet/
## Footnote
Whenever I go to the gym, I **sweat** quite a bit.
187
# n
the part of a gun that a person pulls to make it fire.
**trigger**
| /ˈtrɪɡ.ɚ/
## Footnote
The man had his finger on the **trigger** of the gun.
188
# V
to bring people or things together.
**unify**
| /ˈjuː.nə.faɪ/
## Footnote
With their good deeds, the children tried to **unify** the world.
189
# n
a large ship or boat.
**vessel**
| /ˈves.əl/
## Footnote
We toured the area aboard a luxury **vessel**.
189
# n
a long journey made on a boat or an aircraft.
**voyage**
| /ˈvɔɪ.ɪdʒ/
## Footnote
The astronauts took off on a long **voyage** to the moon.
190
# V
to like and honor a person, thing, or religious figure.
**worship**
| /ˈwɝː.ʃɪp/
## Footnote
On the island the people **worshipped** different gods.
191
# n
a person who learns how to do a job from a skilled person.
**apprentice**
| /əˈpren.t̬ɪs/
## Footnote
Mark is an **apprentice** chef at the restaurant.
192
# V
to tell people something is true to make them less worried.
**assure**
| /əˈʃʊr/
## Footnote
He **assured** the boss that the building would be done on time.
193
# n
a piece of cloth used to stop bleeding.
**bandage**
| /ˈbæn.dɪdʒ/
## Footnote
If you cut yourself, please get a **bandage** from the first-aid kit.
194
# V
to lose blood.
**bleed**
| /bliːd/
## Footnote
If you are not careful, you will cut your finger and **bleed**.
bleed / bled / bled
194
# V
to become friends with someone.
**bond**
| /bɑːnd/
## Footnote
The women **bonded** after several hours of conversation.
195
# n
a place where ships stop to load and unload things.
**port**
| /pɔːrt/
## Footnote
The ship was being loaded with materials at the **port**.
196
# n
a police officer who is in charge of a large area.
**sheriff**
| /ˈʃer.ɪf/
## Footnote
It was the **sheriff**'s job to make the city safe.
197
# V
to scare someone suddenly.
**startle**
| /ˈstɑːr.t̬əl/
## Footnote
The loud crash **startled** the sleeping woman.
198
# n
the hat worn by a king or queen.
**crown**
| /kraʊn/
## Footnote
The **crown** is made of gold.
199
# n
a person who cooks in a restaurant.
**chef**
| /ʃef/
## Footnote
Tom is a **chef** at the restaurant near my house.
200
# V
to put one or both knees on the ground.
**kneel**
| /niːl/
## Footnote
Daryl **kneeled** down on one knee and asked Nina to marry him.
kneel / knelt or kneeled / knelt or kneeled
200
# n
the act of leaving a place.
**departure**
| /dɪˈpɑːr.tʃɚ/
## Footnote
They were excited about their **departure** to go to go back home.
201
# adj
A .... person works hard and is careful.
**diligent**
| /ˈdɪl.ə.dʒənt/
## Footnote
Craig has always been a very **diligent** person at work.
201
# n
the leader of a group of countries.
**emperor**
| /ˈem.pɚ.ɚ/
## Footnote
The **emperor** Julius Caesar was in control of ancient Rome.
from Latin imperator ‘military commander’
201
# n
a thread of a substance used to make clothes or rope.
**fiber**
| /ˈfaɪ.bɚ/
## Footnote
The mat was made from tiny **fibers**.
202
# adj
very unpleasant or bad:
**horrible**
| /ˈhɔːr.ə.bəl/
## Footnote
The assignment was **horrible**. I hated it.
203
# adj
rude, or not polite person
impolite
| /ˌɪm.pəlˈaɪt/
## Footnote
Roger is **impolite** to everyone he meets.
204
# V
to criticize someone angrily for doing something wrong.
**scold**
| /skoʊld/
## Footnote
Jesse was **scolded** by the teacher for not paying attention.
204
# n
a long, loose piece of clothing.
**robe**
| /roʊb/
## Footnote
The monks at the temple all wear **robes**.
204
# V
to feel so nervous or afraid that one cannot think clearly.
**panic**
| /ˈpæn.ɪk/
## Footnote
Everyone **panicked** when the house caught on fire.
204
# n
an expensive thing that is nice but not needed
**luxury**
| /ˈlʌk.ʃɚ.i/
## Footnote
Our honeymoon resort was a **luxury** we really enjoyed.
204
# adj
very large in size, amount, or number:
**massive**
| /ˈmæs.ɪv/
## Footnote
The wheels on his truck were **massive**.
205
# n
something that is more important than other things.
**priority**
| /praɪˈɔːr.ə.t̬i/
## Footnote
My **priority** is to get good grades in school.
206
# n
an event or a thing that happened.
**affair**
| /əˈfer/
## Footnote
My wife and I attended a formal **affair** over the weekend.
207
# adj
A .... person or thing is thin, not thick.
**slim**
| /slɪm/
## Footnote
Look at my new cell phone. It's very **slim**.
slim slimmer slimmest
207
# n
a device used to cook food.
**stove**
| /stoʊv/
## Footnote
Our new **stove** helps us to cook food much faster than before.
208
# n
a criminal act that involves someone stealing something.
theft
| /θeft/
## Footnote
The **theft** of his TV took place when he was at work.
208
# n
a young person or a teenager.
**adolescent**
| /ˌæd.əˈles.ənt/
## Footnote
The **adolescent** was excited about getting a skateboard for his birthday.
208
# n
a natural ability or skill.
**aptitude**
| /ˈæp.tə.tuːd/
## Footnote
He has a natural **aptitude** for water skiing.
209
# V
to say a nice thing about someone or something.
**complement**
| /ˈkɑːm.plə.ment/
## Footnote
Her co-worker **complimented** her for doing a good job.
210
# V
to stop someone or something from doing something.
**hinder**
| /ˈhɪn.dɚ/
## Footnote
All the traffic **hindered** me from getting to work on time.
211
# n
the work of collecting the news to put in newspapers or on TV.
**journalism**
| /ˈdʒɝː.nə.lɪ.zəm/
## Footnote
Before becoming a teacher, she worked in **journalism**.
212
# n
a group of people that listen to a trial and say if someone is guilty.
**jury**
| /ˈdʒʊr.i/
## Footnote
The **jury** listened closely to the attorney before they made their decision.
213
# n
fairness in the way that people are treated.
**justice**
| /ˈdʒʌs.tɪs/
## Footnote
People turn to the court system when they are seeking **justice**.
213
# n
freedom to do what one wants.
**liberty**
| /ˈlɪb.ɚ.t̬i/
## Footnote
To many people, the Statue of **Liberty** is a symbol of freedom.
214
# adj
relating to literature (= written artistic works, especially those with a high and lasting artistic value):
**literary**
| /ˈlɪt̬.ə.rer.i/
## Footnote
He worked hard to create a successful **literary** career.
215
# n
a place where medicine is sold.
**pharmacy**
## Footnote
My mother sells medicine to people at the **pharmacy**.
216
# n
a small object that has medicine inside.
**sche**
| /pɪl/
## Footnote
She took a **pill** for her headache.
216
# V
to believe something is true without being certain.
**presume**
| /prɪˈzuːm/
## Footnote
Since the girl raised her hand, the teacher **presumed** she knew the answer.
217
# n
the state of being happily away from other people.
**privacy**
| /ˈpraɪ.və.si/
## Footnote
Please hang the sign on the door so we can have some **privacy**.
218
# n
something that one must endure for any wrongdoing.
**punishment**
| /ˈpʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/
## Footnote
He was given a **punishment** for being rude to the teacher.
219
# adj
having or using good judgment; reasonable:
sensible
| /ˈsen.sə.bəl/
## Footnote
It was **sensible** for her to save some money each month.
219
# n
a piece from something larger, such as a cake.
**slice**
## Footnote
The girl enjoyed a **slice** of cake at her birthday party.
219
# n
a very sad feeling.
**sorrow**
| /ˈsɔːr.oʊ/
## Footnote
The girl felt **sorrow** after her best friend moved away.
220
# n
a thin tube that is used to suck liquid into the mouth.
**straw**
| /strɑː/
## Footnote
I drank the orange juice through a **straw**.
221
# V
to become larger and rounder.
**swell**
| /swel/
## Footnote
My sister's stomach began to **swell** after she got pregnant.
awell - swelled - swollen or swelled
222
# n
a group gathered together for the same reason.
**assembly**
| /əˈsem.bli/
## Footnote
The students had an **assembly** to talk about their interests.
222
# V
to ask God for protection or help.
**bless**
| /bles/
## Footnote
The priest **blessed** their marriage.
223
# n
a breakfast food made from grains that is eaten with milk.
**cereal**
| /ˈsɪr.i.əl/
## Footnote
**Cereal** is a fast and common breakfast food enjoyed in the US.
224
# adj
happy and pleasant person
**cheerful**
| /ˈtʃɪr.fəl/
## Footnote
The children were **cheerful** because they didn't have to go to school.
224
# n
The .... of a round thing is the length across its center.
**diameter**
| /daɪˈæm.ə.t̬ɚ/
## Footnote
The **diameter** of the tree was about 60 centimeters.
225
# V
to use something for greedy reasons rather than good reasons.
**exploit**
| /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/
## Footnote
The company **exploits** their workers and makes them work 12 hours a day.
226
# n
a long time with little or no food.
**famine**
| /ˈfæm.ɪn/
## Footnote
The farmers couldn't grow any food in the dry soil, so there was a **famine**.
227
# n
the act of collecting food from farming.
**harvest**
| /ˈhɑːr.vəst/
## Footnote
They had a lot of wheat from the last **harvest**.
228
# adj
happy and pleasant person
**merry**
| /ˈmer.i/
## Footnote
They felt **merry** because the weather was great.
229
# n
a hard seed or fruit that comes from some trees and bushes.
**nut**
| /nʌt/
## Footnote
To eat a **nut**, you must first crack its shell.
230
# V
to not be angry at someone for asking a question or for making a mistake.
**pardon**
| /ˈpɑːr.dən/
## Footnote
**Pardon** me teacher, but could you repeat what you just said?
230
# n
a king in ancient Egypt.
**pharaoh**
| /ˈfer.oʊ/
## Footnote
The **pharaohs** ruled Egypt for thousands of years.
from Egyptian pr-‘o **‘great house’**
231
# adj
A ... fruit or vegetable is ready to be eaten.
**ripe**
| /raɪp/
## Footnote
The cherries were nice and **ripe**.
231
# n
a way of doing things that is the same every time.
**routine**
| /ruːˈtiːn/
## Footnote
My father's daily **routine** includes shaving right before breakfast.
231
# V
to cook it in an oven or over a fire.
**roast**
| /roʊst/
## Footnote
Mom **roasted** a turkey for the holiday dinner.
232
# n
an officially organized plan or systemr
**scheme**
| /skiːm/
## Footnote
Jason and Mark came up with a **scheme** to solve the problem.
233
# adj
clean and in order.
**tidy**
| /ˈtaɪ.di/
## Footnote
Leon has always been a very **tidy** boy.
233
# n
a feeling of liking someone or something.
**affection**
| /əˈfek.ʃən/
## Footnote
Amanda has a lot of **affection** for her little sister, Sarah.
234
# n
a business or service set up to act for others.
**agency**
| /ˈeɪ.dʒən.si/
## Footnote
I went to a travel **agency** to help me arrange a flight home.
235
# n
the grey or black powder created when something is burned.
**ash**
## Footnote
The end of his cigar was full of **ashes**.
236
# V
to keep something in one place.
**confine**
| /kənˈfaɪn/
## Footnote
The elephant is **confined** to a cage in the zoo.
237
# V
to say something is not important.
**dismiss**
| /dɪˈsmɪs/
## Footnote
He quickly **dismissed** my idea about the new project.
238
# V
to explode or blow apart, especially a volcano.
**erupt**
| /ɪˈrʌpt/
## Footnote
The volcano **erupted** for the first time in ten years.
239
# n
a power that causes things to happen.
**fate**
| /feɪt/
## Footnote
Some people believe that the lines on a person's hand can tell his or her **fate**.
240
# n
the hot substance made of melted rock that comes out of volcanoes.
**lava**
| /ˈlɑː.və/
## Footnote
The red-hot **lava** poured from the volcano.
241
# adj
very unhappy
**miserable**
| /ˈmɪz.ɚ.ə.bəl/
## Footnote
He was **miserable** after his dog died.
241
# n
the part of something that is left after the other parts have gone, been used, or been taken away:
**remainder**
| /rɪˈmeɪn.dɚ/
## Footnote
He took a bite of the apple and then gave me the **remainder** of it.
242
# V
to find and bring back something:
**retrieve**
| /rɪˈtriːv/
## Footnote
She **retrieved** her mail from the mailbox.
242
# adj
not deep
**shallow**
| /ˈʃæl.oʊ/
## Footnote
The kids were playing in the **shallow** water.
243
# n
ground that is not flat.
**slope**
| /sloʊp/
## Footnote
The **slope** to the top of the mountain was very steep.
244
# V
to spread across an amount of time or space.
**span**
| /spæn/
## Footnote
His work at the bakery has **spanned** twenty years.
245
# n
something magical that people believe is real.
**superstition**
| /ˌsuː.pɚˈstɪʃ.ən/
## Footnote
It is a **superstition** that Friday the 13th is an unlucky day.
246
# n
a feeling of sadness for another person who feels bad.
**sympathy**
| /ˈsɪm.pə.θi/
## Footnote
I felt **sympathy** for my sister, so I got her a balloon to cheer her up.
247
# V
to shake very hard.
**vibrate**
| /ˈvaɪ.breɪt/
## Footnote
The machine made his whole body **vibrate** as he broke up the ground.
248
# V
to walk without going to a certain place.
**wander**
| /ˈwɑːn.dɚ/
## Footnote
The boys like to **wander** in the woods and look at birds.
249
# V
to burn brightly or powerfully.
**blaze**
| /bleɪz/
## Footnote
The small fire soon **blazed** into a large, dangerous one.
250
# n
metal worn by soldiers to protect the body.
**armor**
| /ˈɑːr.mɚ/
## Footnote
The soldier wore **armor** to protect his body.
US spelling of **armour**
251
# V
to make a loud, deep sound.
**boom**
| /buːm/
## Footnote
The firecrackers made a loud **boom** when they exploded.
252
# n
a high and often flat wall of rock.
**cliff**
| /klɪf/
## Footnote
The wolf stood at the **cliff** and howled.
253
# n
a stream of hot, burning gas from something on fire:
**flame**
| /fleɪm/
## Footnote
The torch was filled with yellow and orange **flames**.
254
# n
the state of being free from the control of others.
**independence**
| /ˌɪn.dɪˈpen.dəns/
## Footnote
After leaving home, Sophia had a great feeling of **independence**.
255
# n
an attack by a group from another country.
**invasion**
| /ɪnˈveɪ.ʒən/
## Footnote
In Korea, walls were built around cities to protect them from **invasions**.
255
# n
a soldier of high rank and skill who usually serves a king.
**knight**
| /naɪt/
## Footnote
He was the best soldier, so the king made him a **knight**.
256
# n
the bright light seen during a storm.
**lightning**
| /ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/
## Footnote
The **lightning** flashed above the water.
256
# n
a person who fights the government in order to change it.
**rebel**
| /ˈreb.əl/
## Footnote
The **rebel** was angry about the government's unfair polices.
257
# V
to run away because of losing a fight.
**retreat**
| /rɪˈtriːt/
## Footnote
The army **retreated** because they were losing the battle.
258
# n
a change to the political system by a group of people.
**revolution**
| /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən/
## Footnote
The **revolution** in Russia led to the creation of the Soviet Union.
258
# n
a long stick with a blade on one end that is used as a weapon.
**spear**
## Footnote
The soldier was holding a **spear** in his hand.
259
# V
to control the way something moves or goes.
**navigate**
| /ˈnæv.ə.ɡeɪt/
## Footnote
She **navigated** the ship across the ocean.
260
# V
to come from a particular place, time, situation, etc.:
**originate**
| /əˈrɪdʒ.ən.eɪt/
## Footnote
The idea of democracy **originated** in Ancient Greece.
261
# adj
A .... surface or place has a slope or angle that rises or falls sharply.
**steep**
| /stiːp/
## Footnote
He rode his bike up the **steep** hill to reach the top.
262
# n
soldiers that fight in groups in a battle.
**troops**
| /trups/
## Footnote
The **troops** were all prepared to go into battle.
263
# n
a brave soldier or fighter.
**warrior**
| /ˈwɔːr.i.ɚ/
## Footnote
The samurai were some of the most skilled **warriors** in the ancient world.
264
# V
to leave a place, usually during war.
**withdraw**
| /wɪðˈdrɑː/
## Footnote
After losing the battle, the enemy **withdrew** back to its own country.
withdraw / withdrew / withdrawn
265
# V
to give up control of something or to give it away.
**yield**
| /jiːld/
## Footnote
He had to **yield** his turn because he was in checkmate.
266
# n
a long seat for two or more people.
**bench**
| /bentʃ/
## Footnote
Most parks have **benches** for people to relax upon.
266
# n
a small flower with white petals and a yellow center.
**daisy**
| /ˈdeɪ.zi/
## Footnote
There were a few **daisies** growing in the field.
267
# n
an argument or disagreement that people have.
**dispute**
| /ˈdɪs.pjuːt/
## Footnote
Karen and Brian often have **disputes** about silly things
268
# adj
An ... container is one that has no things in it.
**empty**
| /ˈemp.ti/
## Footnote
The teacher showed the students an **empty** bottle.
269
# n
a feeling of being very afraid or shocked.
**horror**
| /ˈhɔːr.ɚ/
## Footnote
The audience screamed in **horror** when the ghost appeared in the movie.
270
# n
an event that is usually not pleasant.
**incident**
| /ˈɪn.sɪ.dənt/
## Footnote
Mr. Wilson had an **incident**; he became sick and had to leave.
270
# n
water that can be seen in the air or on a surface.
**mist**
| /mɪst/
## Footnote
The forest was covered with **mist**.
271
# n
a non-living thing that you can see or touch.
**object**
| /ˈɑːb.dʒɪkt/
## Footnote
The shopping cart was filled with **objects**.
272
# V
to make a secret plan to do something that is wrong or mean.
**plot**
| /plɑːt/
## Footnote
The group was **plotting** to ruin the company's financial reports.
273
# n
a child who does not have parents.
**orphan**
| /ˈɔːr.fən/
## Footnote
The **orphan** frequently cried during the night.
273
# adj
A .... woman or animal is going to have a baby.
**pregnant**
| /ˈpreɡ.nənt/
## Footnote
The **pregnant** woman was shopping for baby clothes.
273
# n
a very angry feeling.
**rage**
| /reɪdʒ/
## Footnote
The chef was filled with **rage** when his helpers ruined the meal.
274
# n
the act of hurting someone who has hurt you.
**revenge**
| /rɪˈvendʒ/
## Footnote
He broke his sister's doll as **revenge** after she lost his favorite book.
274
# n
a bad feeling about things one has done wrong.
**shame**
| /ʃeɪm/
## Footnote
The boy felt **shame** about misplacing his clothes.
274
# V
to breathe out loudly to show tiredness, boredom, or sadness.
**sigh**
| /saɪ/
## Footnote
Molly **sighed** when she looked at all the information she had to research.
275
# V
to move quietly in order not to be seen or heard.
**sneak**
| /sniːk/
## Footnote
The thief **snuck** out of the house without anyone noticing him.
sneak / sneaked or US also snuck | sneaked or US also snuck
276
# V
to give something away because it is not needed.
**spare**
| /sper/
## Footnote
I wanted to help him but I couldn't **spare** a tire.
277
# n
The .... of a plant is the stick that grows leaves or flowers.
**stem**
| /stem/
## Footnote
The rose had a long thin **stem**.
277
# n
a meal that is eaten in the evening.
**supper**
| /ˈsʌp.ɚ/
## Footnote
We usually have **supper** around 6 o'clock at my house.
278
# adj
soft and easy to chew food
**tender**
| /ˈten.dɚ/
## Footnote
The meat was so **tender** they didn't need knives to cut it.
279
# prep
under or lower than.
**beneath**
| /bɪˈniːθ/
## Footnote
The largest part of an iceberg lies **beneath** the waterline.
280
# n
a baby animal, such as a bear or lion.
**cub**
| /kʌb/
## Footnote
The lion **cub** was crying for its mother.
280
# n
the time of day when the sun rises.
**dawn**
| /dɑːn/
## Footnote
At **dawn**, the sun gently rose over the farm.
281
# adj
not happy with something.
**dissatisfied**
| /ˌdɪsˈsæt̬.əs.faɪd/
## Footnote
I was **dissatisfied** with their decision to work on Sunday.
281
# n
a condition without difficulty or hard work.
**ease**
| /iːz/
## Footnote
The monkey climbed the tree with **ease**.
282
# adj
easy to see or understand.
**evident**
| /ˈev.ə.dənt/
## Footnote
It was **evident** from the look on his face that he was unhappy.
283
# n
ice that falls from the sky when rain freezes.
**hail**
| /heɪl/
## Footnote
The **hail** from the storm was the size of golf balls.
284
# V
to make a long, loud sound like a wolf or a dog.
**howl**
| /haʊl/
## Footnote
The wolf **howled** at the moon.
285
# V
to jump a long distance
**leap**
| /liːp/
## Footnote
He had to **leap** over the gap to reach the other side of the hill.
leap / leaped or leapt / leaped or leapt
286
# adj
very good, beautiful, or deserving to be admired:
**magnificent**
| /mæɡˈnɪf.ə.sənt/
## Footnote
The man gave his wife a pair of **magnificent** diamond earrings.
287
# n
something that is needed.
**necessity**
| /nəˈses.ə.t̬i/
## Footnote
Fresh water is a **necessity** for life.
288
# n
the end result of an action or event.
**outcome**
| /ˈaʊt.kʌm/
## Footnote
The **outcome** of his latest business plan was a complete failure.
289
# n
the highest part of a hill or mountain.
**summit**
| /ˈsʌm.ɪt/
## Footnote
Snow covered the **summit** of the mountain even during the summer.
290
# n
the loud noise heard during a storm.
**thunder**
| /ˈθʌn.dɚ/
## Footnote
The sound of the **thunder** startled me.
291
# V
to grab it quickly or strongly.
**seize**
| /siːz/
## Footnote
The man **seized** as much money as he could before anyone could see him.
291
# V
to press something together and hold it tightly.
**squeeze**
| /skwiːz/
## Footnote
When Clara saw her cat, she **squeezed** it to her face.
292
# adj
the highest level or best quality.
**supreme**
| /suːˈpriːm/
## Footnote
The **supreme** officer was in charge of keeping the citizens calm.
293
# n
a large group of things on top of one another.
**pile**
## Footnote
The **pile** of cups was beginning to lean.
294
# adj
very good.
**terrific**
| /təˈrɪf.ɪk/
## Footnote
My youngest daughter is a **terrific** painter.
295
# adj
deep or very intelligent.
**profound**
| /prəˈfaʊnd/
## Footnote
For a young man, Jeremy has some **profound** thoughts.
295
# adj
necessary for life.
**vital**
| /ˈvaɪ.t̬əl/
## Footnote
The heart is a **vital** organ.
296
# n
part of someone's personality.
**trait**
| /treɪt/
## Footnote
One **trait** of Salvador's personality is his cheerfulness.
297
# V
to hurt or damage something or someone.
**attack**
| /əˈtæk/
## Footnote
She watched the lizard **attack** its prey.
298
# n
one of the two soft parts on a woman's chest.
**breast**
| /brest/
## Footnote
She was diagnosed with **breast** cancer.
299
# n
a serious disease that causes cells to grow abnormally.
**cancer**
| /ˈkæn.sɚ/
## Footnote
He was a leading scientist in finding a cure for **cancer**.
300
# adj
.... cells are the result of cancer.
**cancerous**
| /ˈkæn.sə.rəs/
## Footnote
The exam found **cancerous** cells in the patient's blood.
301
# n
the smallest part of a living thing that can live by itself.
**cell**
## Footnote
A red blood **cell** carries oxygen.
301
# n
a thinly wrapped paper tube filled with tobacco that is smoked.
**cigarette**
| /ˈsɪɡ.ə.ret/
## Footnote
**Cigarette** smoking is terrible for your health.
(informal cig, ciggie)
302
# n
a set of symbols used to hide or read a message.
**code**
| /koʊd/
## Footnote
She used the **code** to solve the puzzle.
303
# n
a medical treatment to make a sickness go away.
**cure**
| /kjʊr/
## Footnote
Scientists are still working on finding a **cure** for diabetes.
304
# n
the act of destroying something, or the fact of being destroyed:
**destruction**
| /dɪˈstrʌk.ʃən/
## Footnote
The wildfires left the forest in a state of **destruction**.
305
# n
the short form of **d**eoxyribo**n**ucleic **a**cid.
**DNA**
## Footnote
The police sometimes use **DNA** to solve crime.
305
# adj
covering a large area; having a great range:
**extensive**
| /ɪkˈsten.sɪv/
## Footnote
The game drew **extensive** media coverage.
306
# adj
refers to women or girls.
**female**
| /ˈfiː.meɪl/
## Footnote
She is the only **female** student in her class with short hair.
307
# n
A .... controls what it looks like, how an organism grows, and how it develops.
**gene**
| /dʒiːn/
## Footnote
**Gene** therapy is sometimes used to treat an illness.
308
# V
to receive something that is passed down from a relative.
**inherit**
| /ɪnˈher.ɪt/
## Footnote
All the girls in my family **inherit** red hair from my great-grandmother.
309
# adv
in addition; more importantly:
**furthermore**
| /ˈfɝː.ðɚ.mɔːr/
## Footnote
She's clever, and **furthermore**, she is not afraid of work.
309
# n
a connection between two people, things, or ideas:
**link**
| /lɪŋk/
## Footnote
The two lines in the poem share a common **link**.
310
# adj
refers to men or boys.
male
| /meɪl/
## Footnote
He was the only **male** in the store.
311
# n
all the people living in an area.
**population**
| /ˌpɑː.pjəˈleɪ.ʃən/
## Footnote
The **population** of our city is steadily growing.
312
# V
to pay that person to do some job.
**commission**
| /kəˈmɪʃ.ən/
## Footnote
The artist was **commissioned** to create a picture.
312
# V
to happen at the same time.
**coincide**
| /ˌkoʊ.ɪnˈsaɪd/
## Footnote
My birthday **coincides** with Christmas.
312
# n
something that happens or exists because of something else:
**result**
| /rɪˈzʌlt/
## Footnote
The **result** of her experiment was surprising.
313
# V
to make something a certain color by using a special chemical.
**dye**
| /daɪ/
## Footnote
Valery got her hair **dyed** at the salon yesterday.
314
# n
a certain amount of medicine taken at one time.
dose
| /doʊs/
## Footnote
My mother gave me a **dose** of medicine before I went to bed.
314
# n
how large, important, or serious something is.
**extent**
| /ɪkˈstent/
## Footnote
He ate to such an **extent** that he became overweight.
315
# ndye
a category that describes being either a boy or a girl.
**gender**
| /ˈdʒen.dɚ/
## Footnote
Do you know the **gender** of her new baby?
316
# n
the title of a newspaper story.
**headline**
| /ˈhed.laɪn/
## Footnote
The **headline** on the front page was about the economy.
317
# V
to ask for information:
**inquire**
| /ɪnˈkwaɪr/
## Footnote
Dad called to **inquire** about the price of tickets for the show.
318
# V
to watch something carefully.
**peer**
| /pɪr/
## Footnote
She **peered** at people through the window.
318
# adj
casual and relaxed, not official.
**informal**
| /ɪnˈfɔːr.məl/
## Footnote
They had an **informal** meeting to talk about their experiences.
319
# n
one who carries information from one place to another.
**messenger**
| /ˈmes.ɪn.dʒɚ/
## Footnote
The **messenger** delivered an important document to the office.
320
# n
a painting or photograph of someone.
**portrait**
| /ˈpɔːr.trɪt/
## Footnote
I saw many religious **portraits** when I went to the museum.
321
# V
to stay in one place without moving.
**pose**
| /poʊz/
## Footnote
The kids and their dog **posed** for a picture.
322
# n
a large farm where animals are kept.
**ranch**
| /ræntʃ/
## Footnote
My uncle has many horses on his **ranch**.
323
# V
to control where something goes.
**steer**
| /stɪr/
## Footnote
This car is very easy to **steer**.
324
# n
a thick line.
**stripe**
| /straɪp/
## Footnote
The flag of the United States has red and white **stripes**.
325
# adj
A .... animal is not afraid to be near people.
**tame**
| /teɪm/
## Footnote
The **tame** bird rested in his hand.
326
# V
to offer people something they want but shouldn't have.
**tempt**
| /tempt/
## Footnote
I wasn't hungry, but she **tempted** me with a piece of my favorite cake.
327
# n
a sweet substance comes from plants and is used to make food taste sweet.
**sugar**
| /ˈʃʊɡ.ɚ/
## Footnote
She added extra **sugar** to her tea.
328
# V
to have enough room.
**accommodate**
| /əˈkɑː.mə.deɪt/
## Footnote
The meeting room can **accommodate** nine people.
329
# n
a traveling show with animals and people.
**circus**
| /ˈsɝː.kəs/
## Footnote
I like to go to the **circus** to see the animals do tricks.
330
# adj
careful to avoid danger.
**cautious**
| /ˈkɑː.ʃəs/
## Footnote
Be very **cautious** as you stack those boxes.
331
# V
to not let people do something.
**ban**
| /bæn/
## Footnote
Smoking is **banned** in this building.
332
# V
to admit a bad or embarrassing truth.
**confess**
| /kənˈfes/
## Footnote
The woman **confessed** that she had stolen the money.
333
# n
a small, old house in the countryside.
**cottage**
| /ˈkɑː.t̬ɪdʒ/
## Footnote
My aunt lives in a pretty **cottage** in the mountains
333
# adj
feeling that you have no hope and are ready to do anything to change the bad situation you are in:
**desperate**
| /ˈdes.pɚ.ət/
## Footnote
I'm **desperate** to find a new job.
333
# n
the time of the day when the sky is light.
**daytime**
| /ˈdeɪ.taɪm/
## Footnote
The kids are only allowed to play outside in the **daytime**.
333
# adj
very tiring activity
**exhausting**
| /ɪɡˈzɑː.stɪŋ/
## Footnote
After an **exhausting** journey, we finally arrived.
334
# V
to become quieter or less bright.
**fade**
| /feɪd/
## Footnote
The piece of cloth I found was old and **faded**.
335
# adj
angry or violent person or animal.
**fierce**
## Footnote
Wolves are **fierce** animals. Do not disturb them.
335
# V
to play a game that involves winning or losing money.
**gamble**
| /ˈɡæm.bəl/
## Footnote
Many people like to go to casinos to **gamble**.
336
# n
an area covered in grass.
**lawn**
| /lɑːn/
## Footnote
My dad keeps the **lawn** in front of our house very neat.
337
# V
to cut grass to make it short.
**mow**
| /moʊ/
## Footnote
I **mow** our lawn every weekend.
mow / mowed / mown or mowed
338
# n
a criminal who hides from the police.
**outlaw**
| /ˈaʊt.lɑː/
## Footnote
The police passed out posters of the **outlaw** to all the people.
339
# n
a possibility that something will happen.
**prospect**
| /ˈprɑː.spekt/
## Footnote
He wakes up every morning with the **prospect** of having a good day.
340
# n
a bag in which women keep money, makeup, keys, etc.
**purse**
| /pɝːs/
## Footnote
My sister likes to buy designer **purses**.
341
# n
a thin stick made of wood or metal.
**rod**
| /rɑːd/
## Footnote
I bought a new fishing **rod** to use while on vacation.
342
# adv
almost never:
**seldom**
| /ˈsel.dəm/
## Footnote
It **seldom** rains in southern Arizona.
342
# V
to cut the hairs on one's face with a sharp tool.
**shave**
| /ʃeɪv/
## Footnote
My father **shaves** his face every day because he doesn't want a beard.
343
# adj
extremely scared person or animal
**terrified**
| /ˈter.ə.faɪd/
## Footnote
When I saw the ghost, I was absolutely **terrified**!
344
# n
a man who can do magic.
**wizard**
| /ˈwɪz.ɚd/
## Footnote
The **wizard** made gold fall from the sky.
344
# adv
An action is done in a different country.
abroad
| /əˈbrɑːd/
## Footnote
My friend is going on a summer trip **abroad**.
345
# n
a company that takes people to different places by plane.
**airline**
| /ˈer.laɪn/
## Footnote
The **airline** has excellent customer service.
346
# n
a group of people who gather to watch someone do something.
**audience**
| /ˈɑː.di.əns/
## Footnote
He was excited to be part of the **audience**.
347
# n
a very good price paid for a product.
**bargain**
| /ˈbɑːr.ɡɪn/
## Footnote
She was looking forward to getting a good **bargain** at the supermarket.
348
# adj
A ... action lasts a short time.
**brief**
| /briːf/
## Footnote
The lawyers took a **brief** break.
348
# n
type of money used in that country.
**currency**
| /ˈkɝː.ən.si/
## Footnote
The **currency** in China is different from that in Australia.
349
# n
a collection of information and facts.
**data**
| /dæt̬.ə/
## Footnote
He saved all the **data** on his computer.
350
# adj
refers to something that happens within a particular country.
**domestic**
| /dəˈmes.tɪk/
## Footnote
The airline has fifty **domestic** flights daily.
350
# n
a piece of written work that is not in its final form.
**draft**
| /dræft/
## Footnote
He was writing his first **draft**.
351
# V
to form a group or bring together.
**gather**
| /ˈɡæð.ɚ/
## Footnote
We will **gather** the children before the meeting.
352
# n
a fun and creative activity people do in their free time.
**hobby**
| /ˈhɑː.bi/
## Footnote
She liked to paint as a **hobby**.
352
# n
the money you earned from work.
**income**
| /ˈɪn.kʌm/
## Footnote
She was saving her **income** to buy a house.
353
a fast plane with a big engine.
**jet**
| /dʒet/
## Footnote
Her company owns a private **jet**.
353
# adj
the highest amount of anything allowed.
**maximum**
| /ˈmæk.sə.məm/
## Footnote
The **maximum** driving speed here is 80 km/h.
354
# adj
is approved by someone in authority.
**official**
| /əˈfɪʃ.əl/
## Footnote
Her **official** degree was being transferred.
355
# V
to give advice based on experience.
**recommend**
| /ˌrek.əˈmend/
## Footnote
His doctor will **recommend** the best medicine for her cough.
356
# V
to mention or call attention to something.
**refer**
| /rɪˈfɝː/
## Footnote
Mr. Cid **referred** to the time to show Bill that he was late for class.
357
# adj
distant or far away place
**remote**
| /rɪˈmoʊt/
## Footnote
He lived in a **remote** village in the Himalayas.
358
# adj
a time period in which someone does not sleep.
**sleepless**
| /ˈsliːp.ləs/
## Footnote
Jill had a **sleepless** night because she had so much on her mind.
359
# n
the total amount of something.
**volume**
| /ˈvɑːl.juːm/
## Footnote
The **volume** of cars in the parking lot was steadily increasing.
360
# V
to spread something around, especially in a circular way.
**circulate**
| /ˈsɝː.kjə.leɪt/
## Footnote
The fan helped to **circulate** cool air through the room.
361
# adj
happening as a result of something:
**consequent**
| /ˈkɑːn.sə.kwənt/
## Footnote
Her **consequent** rash came after she touched the poisonous plant.
362
# V
to come, or originate, from a thing or place.
**derive**
| /dɪˈraɪv/
## Footnote
Red's nickname was **derived** from the color of her hair.
363
# V
to die from not being able to breathe underwater.
**drown**
| /draʊn/
## Footnote
He would have **drowned** if the sailors had not rescued him.
364
# n
a series of rulers who are all from the same family.
**dynasty**
| /ˈdaɪ.nə.sti/
## Footnote
The ancient Egyptians had a **dynasty** that lasted for many years.
365
# n
a small part of something.
**fraction**
| /ˈfræk.ʃən/
## Footnote
Only a **fraction** of the cake was gone.
366
# n
something that is not really what it seems to be:
**illusion**
| /ɪˈluː.ʒən/
## Footnote
Some pictures create an **illusion** for the eyes.
366
# V
to take over a place by force.
**invade**
| /ɪnˈveɪd/
## Footnote
The enemy forces tried to **invade** our country from the sky.
367
# n
a white layer of ice that forms during very cold weather.
**frost**
| /frɑːst/
## Footnote
In the morning, the trees were all covered with **frost**.
368
# n
a rank in the military or police, or a person with that rank.
**lieutenant**
| /luːˈten.ənt/
## Footnote
The **lieutenant** was a good leader, and his soldiers respected him.
369
# adj
something related to the sea.
**marine**
| /məˈriːn/
## Footnote
A healthy ocean is full of **marine** animals.
370
# n
a positive or good quality.
**merit**
| /ˈmer.ɪt/
## Footnote
The actor received an award for his **merits** in the movie.
371
# n
the part of a country's military that fights at sea.
**navy**
| /ˈneɪ.vi/
## Footnote
My country is known for our strong **navy**.
372
# adj
relates to the cold places on Earth's north and south ends.
**polar**
| /ˈpoʊ.lɚ/
## Footnote
Only a few people live in the Earth's northern **polar** region.
372
# n
a line of light that comes from a bright object.
**ray**
| /reɪ/
## Footnote
The sun's warm **rays** covered the beach.
373
# V
to quit a job.
**resign**
| /rɪˈzaɪn/
## Footnote
After I officially **resigned** from work, I said goodbye to my boss.
374
# n
the act of killing oneself.
**suicide**
| /ˈsuː.ə.saɪd/
## Footnote
Some people feel so sad that they think **suicide** is the only answer.
375
# V
to shake as a result of excitement or cold weather.
**tremble**
| /ˈtrem.bəl/
## Footnote
Harry was not used to the cold, so he **trembled** most of the day.
376
# adj
hidden cause or reason.
**underlying**
| /ˌʌn.dɚˈlaɪ.ɪŋ/
## Footnote
Her **underlying** fear of flying reduced her traveling options.
377
# prep
going through or stopping at a place on the way to another place:
**via**
| /ˈviː.ə/
## Footnote
We arrived in the city from the airport **via** the train.
378
# V
to change something.
**alter**
| /ˈɑːl.tɚ/
## Footnote
I **altered** the color of my nails to match my hair.
379
# adv
An action is done toward the side of something or someplace.
**aside**
| /əˈsaɪd/
## Footnote
The man stood **aside** and opened the door for me.
380
# n
the season of the year between summer and winter.
**autumn**
| /ˈɑː.t̬əm/
## Footnote
I love when the leaves fall in **autumn** because I can play in them.
381
# V
to mix two or more things together so that they become one thing.
**blend**
| /blend/
## Footnote
My wife **blended** together all of the ingredients to make a delicious stew.
381
# V
to move in a line that bends and does not go straight.
**curve**
| /kɝːv/
## Footnote
The road **curves** to the left and to the right.
381
# V
to fall down suddenly.
**collapse**
| /kəˈlæps/
## Footnote
The tree **collapsed** right in front of our house.
381
# V
to press something together so its shape is destroyed.
**crush**
| /krʌʃ/
## Footnote
Selena's new car was **crushed** when the tree fell on top of it.
382
# adj
very unpleasant thing
**disgusting**
| /dɪsˈɡʌs.tɪŋ/
## Footnote
After running all day, Greg's feet had a **disgusting** odor.
383
# n
a pipe that carries away water from a building, such as in a kitchen.
**drain**
| /dreɪn/
## Footnote
The water in the sink goes down the **drain** as you wash your hands.
384
# V
to hug; to hold someone tightly with both arms to express love, liking, or sympathy, or when greeting or leaving someone:
**embrace**
| /ɪmˈbreɪs/
## Footnote
When they saw each other again, the happy couple **embraced**.
385
# V
to wish that you had something that other person has.
**envy**
| /ˈen.vi/
## Footnote
Sally **envied** the happy couple.
386
# n
objects that create colored lights when they are lit.
**fireworks**
## Footnote
The display of **fireworks** was so beautiful.
387
# n
a powder made from plants that is used to make foods like bread.
**flour**
| /ˈflaʊ.ɚ/
## Footnote
I wanted to bake a pie, but I needed **flour**.
388
# n
a string on fireworks that burns to make them explode.
**fuse**
| /fjuːz/
## Footnote
The boy lit the **fuse** on the rocket and waited for it to burst in the sky.
389
# n
a root of a plant that is used to make food spicy and sweet.
**ginger**
| /ˈdʒɪn.dʒɚ/
## Footnote
**Ginger** is a common ingredient in many dishes from India.
390
# adj
upset and angry because someone that you love seems interested in another person:
**jealous**
| /ˈdʒel.əs/
## Footnote
Miriam was **jealous** because Sue was paying too much attention to Jim.
391
# n
a thick and smooth substance.
**paste**
| /peɪst/
## Footnote
My son needed some **paste** for a school project.
392
# n
a paper that proves that something was received or bought.
**receipt**
| /rɪˈsiːt/
## Footnote
After looking at my **receipt**, I realized that I had spent too much money.
392
# V
to slide a piece of cloth over something to clean it.
**wipe**
| /waɪp/
## Footnote
She **wiped** the dust from the windows.
393
# n
a thin string made out of metal.
**wire**
| /waɪr/
## Footnote
The **wires** were connected to towers that brought electricity to the city.
394
# V
to accept that something is true or that it exists.
**acknowledge**
| /əkˈnɑː.lɪdʒ/
## Footnote
The teacher **acknowledged** that the young student was hungry.
395
# n
a government worker who works in another country.
**ambassador**
| /æmˈbæs.ə.dɚ/
## Footnote
The **ambassador** from Korea was in charge of the conference.
396
# n
a person with light-colored hair.
**blonde**
| /blɑːnd/
## Footnote
My cousin is a **blonde** with blue eyes.
397
# V
to pull something across the ground.
**drag**
| /dræɡ/
## Footnote
The dog was **dragging** his owner down the street.
397
# V
to attack and take control of a place.
conquer
| /ˈkɑːŋ.kɚ/
## Footnote
The soldiers were trying to **conquer** the world.
398
# V
to say that something is bigger or better than it really is.
**exaggerate**
| /ɪɡˈzædʒ.ə.reɪt/
## Footnote
Jimmy wasn't **exaggerating** about the seriousness of his injury.
399
# n
the collection of features of a society, such as language and religion.
**heritage**
## Footnote
Teepees are part of the **heritage** of the Native Americans of the plains.
400
# V
to say things that will hurt the person's feelings.
**insult**
| /ˈɪn.sʌlt/
## Footnote
The girls **insulted** each other all afternoon.
401
# adv
An action that happens at the same time as another action.
**meanwhile**
| /ˈmiːn.waɪl/
## Footnote
He wants to be a doctor in the future, but **meanwhile**, he works a regular job.
402
# n
a piece of jewelry that people wear around their necks.
**necklace**
| /ˈnek.ləs/
## Footnote
Joyce received a lovely pearl **necklace** for her wedding anniversary.
403
# n
a rich and powerful person.
**noble**
| /ˈnoʊ.bəl/
## Footnote
The Queen invited a **noble** from a nearby country to dinner.
404
# adj
of great value because of being rare, expensive, or important:
**precious**
| /ˈpreʃ.əs/
## Footnote
In a desert, water can be more **precious** than money.
405
# n
an unfair opinion about people based on the group they belong to.
**prejudice**
| /ˈpredʒ.ə.dɪs/
## Footnote
The company's rules against gender **prejudice** must be enforced.
405
# n
a story that may not be true.
**rumor**
| /ˈruː.mər/
## Footnote
Carla was spreading **rumors** around the office.
406
# n
something that is wrong for religious reasons.
**sin**
| /sɪn/
## Footnote
Taking something that doesn't belong to you is a **sin**.
407
# n
an amazing sight.
**spectacle**
| /ˈspek.tə.kəl/
## Footnote
Niagara Falls is quite a **spectacle**.
408
# n
a pile of different things.
**stack**
| /stæk/
## Footnote
There was a **stack** of paperwork on his desk to complete.
409
# adj
A .... person does not trust others, or is not trusted by others.
**suspicious**
| /səˈspɪʃ.əs/
## Footnote
Dad was **suspicious** of the caller on the line.
410
# n
an inexpensive metal.(silver-coloured metal, often combined with other metals or used to cover and protect other metals)
**tin**
| /tɪn/
## Footnote
Soup is a food that is often sold in **tin** cans.
(symbol **Sn**)
410
# n
an attractive container in which people keep flowers.
**vase**
| /veɪs/
## Footnote
The **vase** was filled with such lovely flowers.
411
# V
to hurt, or cause pain but not very strong
**ache**
| /eɪk/
## Footnote
Mindy's head **ached** because she bumped it against the wall.
412
# adj
something is of or from the cold, far-north part of the Earth.
**arctic**
| /ˈɑːrk.tɪk/
## Footnote
It is cold when the **arctic** winds blow.
413
# n
a feeling of cold.
**chill**
| /tʃɪl/
## Footnote
The **chill** from the cold wind made Bill shiver.
414
# n
a group of leaders in a government.
**congress**
| /ˈkɑːŋ.ɡres/
## Footnote
**Congress** makes laws for people to follow.
415
# adj
made from milk.
**diary**
| /ˈder.i/
## Footnote
Things like milk and cheese are **dairy** foods.
416
# V
to go downward.
**descend**
| /dɪˈsend/
## Footnote
I **descended** the stairs to get out of the building.
417
# n
a person who sells food.
**grocer**
| /ˈɡroʊ.sɚ/
## Footnote
Our **grocer**, Mr. Smith, is a very kind man.
418
# V
to wait for a short time before doing something.
**hesitate**
| /ˈhez.ə.teɪt/
## Footnote
He **hesitated** for a moment before he decided which one to choose.
419
# n
an organization that works to help a city or group of people.
**institution**
| /ˌɪn.stəˈtuː.ʃən/
## Footnote
Banks are vital **institutions** that businesses and people use every day.
420
# V
to run slowly.
**jog**
| /dʒɑːɡ/
## Footnote
He **jogs** every day so he can be healthier.
421
# n
a person who sells things.
**merchant**
| /ˈmɝː.tʃənt/
## Footnote
The **merchant** was selling used cars.
422
# V
to push something quickly with your finger or a pointed object.
**poke**
| /poʊk/
## Footnote
I **poked** my finger on a thumb tack.
423
# V
to make something happen later than planned.
**postpone**
| /poʊstˈpoʊn/
## Footnote
They **postponed** the meeting until Elena arrived.
424
# V
to crash into something so that liquid spreads out.
**splash**
| /splæʃ/
## Footnote
Some green paint **splashed** upon the floor.
425
# adj
people who don't change their minds easily.
**stubborn**
| /ˈstʌb.ɚn/
## Footnote
Both of my parents are **stubborn**. They never give in to each other.
426
# n
a small part of a large city.
**suburb**
| /ˈsʌb.ɝːb/
## Footnote
I grew up in the **suburbs**, only a few minutes outside of the city.
427
# n
the level of the water in the sea.
**tide**
| /taɪd/
## Footnote
The **tide** continued to crawl upon the beach little by little.
427
# n
a path for water to travel through.
**canal**
| /kəˈnæl/
## Footnote
The city of Venice, Italy, has many **canals**.
428
# n
a very sad event.
**tragedy**
| /ˈtrædʒ.ə.di/
## Footnote
It was a **tragedy** when his house was struck by lightning and burned.
429
# n
an object that explodes and destroys large areas.
**bomb**
| /bɑːm/
## Footnote
The **bomb** will destroy anything that is nearby.
429
# n
a document that says that something is true or happened.
**certificate**
| /sɚˈtɪf.ə.kət/
## Footnote
I was given a **certificate** for completing the computer course.
430
# n
a scientist who works with chemicals.
**chemist**
| /ˈkem.ɪst/
## Footnote
My mother is a successful **chemist** who helps invent new products.
431
# n
the act of saying that something is not correct or good.
**criticism**
| /ˈkrɪt̬.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/
## Footnote
She had a lot of **criticism** about their new plan.
431
# V
to deal with a difficult or stressful situation.
**cope**
| /koʊp/
## Footnote
He **copes** with work stress by exercising three or four times a week.
431
# V
to cause great damage or pain to something.
**devastate**
| /ˈdev.ə.steɪt/
## Footnote
The entire wall was **devastated**.
432
# V
to make an unhappy look with one's face.
**frown**
## Footnote
Melissa **frowned** when she found out that the party had been cancelled.
432
# V
to look at something for a long time.
**gaze**
| /ɡeɪz/
## Footnote
We used a telescope to **gaze** at the stars for over an hour.
433
# V
to look at something quickly.
**glance**
| /ɡlæns/
## Footnote
She **glanced** behind her to see if he was looking at her.
434
# n
the feeling of deep sadness, usually when a person dies.
**grief**
| /ɡriːf/
## Footnote
The **grief** caused by losing her parents was very difficult for her.
435
# n
a man who is going to be married.
**groom**
| /ɡruːm/
## Footnote
The **groom** looked happy as he walked with his new wife.
436
# n
an event that makes a situation what it is.
**circumstance**
| /ˈsɝː.kəm.stæns/
## Footnote
There were many **circumstances** behind their success, like hard work.
436
# n
an official document that gives one permission to do something.
**license**
| /ˈlaɪ.səns/
## Footnote
In the United States, you need a driver's **license** to drive legally.
437
# n
a box used to bury dead people.
**coffin**
| /ˈkɑː.fɪn/
## Footnote
When people pass away, they are usually buried inside of a **coffin**.
438
# n
a device that makes small objects look bigger.
**microscope**
| /ˈmaɪ.krə.skoʊp/
## Footnote
Germs cannot be seen without a **microscope**.
439
# adj
relates to the division or joining of atoms.
**nuclear**
| /ˈnuː.kliː.ɚ/
## Footnote
**Nuclear** power plants provide inexpensive energy to cities.
440
# V
to describe something or show it in a picture.
**portray**
| /pɔːrˈtreɪ/
## Footnote
Her picture **portrayed** the house she grew up in when she was little.
441
# V
to turn something around in a circle.
**rotate**
| /ˈroʊ.teɪt/
## Footnote
An airplane's propellers **rotate** quickly to help it fly.
442
# n
a boat that can go underwater for long periods of time.
**submarine**
| /ˌsʌb.məˈriːn/
## Footnote
The **submarine** dove under the sea so the enemy couldn't see it.
443
# V
to follow over something with the eyes or a finger.
**trace**
| /treɪs/
## Footnote
He **traced** over the graph with his finger.
444
# n
the outline of a country's coast.
**coastline**
| /ˈkoʊst.laɪn/
## Footnote
He noticed that most of the cities in Australia are on the **coastline**.
445
# n
to prevent or discourage someone from doing something.
**deter**
| /dɪˈtɝː/
## Footnote
Icy roads **deter** people from driving their cars.
446
# V
to come up with an idea or plan about it.
**devise**
| /dɪˈvaɪz/
## Footnote
The thieves **devised** a plan to steal the diamonds.
447
# n
something bought to remember of a place or event.
**souvenir**
| /ˌsuː.vəˈnɪr/
## Footnote
I bought a Russian doll as a **souvenir** on my trip to Moscow.
448
# n
how far it is between two points.
**distance**
| /ˈdɪs.təns/
## Footnote
The **distance** between America and Russia is about 8,000 km.
449
# n
the knowledge and skills to do something well.
**expertise**
| /ˌek.spɝːˈtiːz/
## Footnote
John has a lot of advertising **expertise**. He can sell anything!
450
# n
a crack or break in something.
**fracture**
| /ˈfræk.tʃɚ/
## Footnote
Don't stand on that leg because there is a **fracture**. It might get worse.
451
# n
a pain in one's head.
**headache**
| /ˈhed.eɪk/
## Footnote
My sister gets a **headache** every time she has a lot of stress.
452
# V
to ensure that what has been planned is done.
**implement**
| /ˈɪm.plə.ment/
## Footnote
The school decided to **implement** a new teaching strategy.
453
# n
a deep and accurate understanding of something.
**insight**
| /ˈɪn.saɪt/
## Footnote
The physics textbook gave the student a new **insight** about gravity.
454
# n
a large branch on a tree.
**limb**
| /lɪm/
## Footnote
The monkey sat on the tree **limb** and enjoyed a piece of fruit.
455
# n
strength or power.
**might**
| /maɪt/
## Footnote
Try with all your **might** to lift the heavy tire.
456
# n
the state of being hopeful about the future.
**optimism**
| /ˈɑːp.tə.mɪ.zəm/
## Footnote
The mother had **optimism** about her children's futures.
457
# adj
able to do something well.
**proficient**
| /prəˈfɪʃ.ənt/
## Footnote
Secretaries are **proficient** at typing quickly.
458
# V
to push something with a lot of power.
**shove**
| /ʃʌv/
## Footnote
She **shoved** him out of the way.
459
# n
the person to whom someone is married.
**spouse**
| /spaʊs/
## Footnote
I live in a home with my **spouse** and our two children.
460
# n
a flat kind of boat.
**raft**
| /ræft/
## Footnote
He sailed across the Pacific Ocean on a **raft**.
461
# n
a long, narrow piece of raised land.
**ridge**
| /rɪdʒ/
## Footnote
The brown bear walked along the edge of the mountain **ridge**.
461
# n
the body part between the top of the arm and the neck.
**shoulder**
| /ˈʃoʊl.dɚ/
## Footnote
He carried his bike on his **shoulder**.
462
# V
to push or move something quickly with a lot of force.
**thrust**
| /θrʌst/
## Footnote
The boxer **thrust** his fist into the punching bag.
thrust / thrust / thrust
462
# V
canalto be able to accept something even when it is unpleasant.
**tolerate**
| /ˈtɑː.lə.reɪt/
## Footnote
When you are in a hurry, it can be hard to **tolerate** traffic signals.
