Book 3 Flashcards
n
a unit for measuring area. equal to 4,047 square metres
acre
/ˈeɪ.kɚ/
They lived on a 150-acre farm.
n
a life that some people believe begins when a person dies.
afterlife
/ˈæf.tɚ.laɪf/
I believe that there is an afterlife.
n
the study of the remains left by ancient societies.
archaeology
/ˌɑːr.kiˈɑː.lə.dʒi/
He enjoyed visiting the Great Pyramids of Egypt because he loves archaeology.
(Greek arkhaios “ancient, primeval,” from arkhē “beginning,” verbal noun of arkhein “to be the first,” hence “to begin”)
n
is a closed space or room used for a special purpose.
chamber
/ˈtʃeɪm.bɚ/
The meeting was held in the faculty chamber.
n
a long, deep space between two edges.
channel
/ˈtʃæn.əl/
The river cut a channel through the rocks.
n
the main or central part of something.
core
/kɔːr/
Earth has a solid inner core.
n
a narrow passage that leads into other areas.
corridor
/ˈkɔːr.ə.dɔːr/
He took the corridor on the left to go to his office.
adj
different or stands out.
distinct
/dɪˈstɪŋkt/
He has a distinct accent.
adj
of or from a high-level group.
elite
/iˈliːt/
Only an elite group was allowed membership into the club.
V
to skillfully plan out how to make that thing.
engineer
/ˌen.dʒɪˈnɪr/
After engineering the robot, they needed to find the correct parts to build it.
V
to start, organize, or establish something.
found
/faʊnd/
My grandfather founded the City Bank.
n
a space between two things.
gap
There is a small gap between the blocks of wood.
n
the importance, magnificence, or specialness of something.
glory
/ˈɡloʊr.i/
They enjoyed the glory of the beautiful sunset.
n
the inside of something.
interior
/ɪnˈtɪr.i.ɚ/
They looked at the interior of the box.
n
a large animal in the cat family.
lion
/ˈlaɪ.ən/
We went to see the lion at the zoo.
((female lioness))
n
a job, position, or part in something.
role
/roʊl/
Her role in the office is to sell products to customers.
adj
related to a king or queen.
royal
/ˈrɔɪ.əl/
The Duchess was part of the royal family.
adj
the only one person or thing.
sole
/soʊl/
She was the sole woman in the room.
**
a set of steps built to go from one level of a building to another.
stairs
/steərz/
He took the stairs instead of the elevator.
n
the top layer of something.
surface
/ˈsɜː.fɪs/
She wiped the surface of the table.
n
a formal decision about future action.
agreement
/əˈɡriː.mənt/
I think you’ll get Tom’s agreement to this proposal.
OPP: disagreement
V
to happen.
arise
/əˈraɪz/
Difficulties arose with his computer because it was old.
(arise / arose / arisen)
n
a person who gives money to help someone.
benefactor
/ˈben.ə.fæk.tɚ/
The student’s benefactor gave him money to spend on his studies.
n
a person who makes things out of metal.
blacksmith
The blacksmith pounded the piece of metal until it was flat.
n
a tall pipe used to carry smoke out of a building.
chimney
/ˈtʃɪm.ni/
The cat was sitting on the roof next to the chimney.
V
to pay someone for the time they spent doing something.
compensate
/ˈkɑːm.pən.seɪt/
Her boss compensated her for the extra work she did last week.
V
to find or meet a person or thing.
encounter
/ɪnˈkaʊn.t̬ɚ/
I encountered a sea turtle while I was swimming.
V
to be more than something.
exceed
/ɪkˈsiːd/
Since I exceeded my limit, I decided to get rid of my credit cards.
V
to make or produce, especially with difficulty.
forge
/fɔːrdʒ/
Stacy and Heather forged their friendship when they were teenagers.
adj
not proud or not believing that you are important:
humble
/ˈhʌm.bəl/
Even though Bob is the smartest boy in his class, he is humble.
n
a strong metal that is used to make many objects.
iron
/aɪrn/
The horse had shoes made of iron.
((symbol Fe))
n
an object that is used to climb up and down things.
ladder
/ˈlæd.ɚ/
He used a ladder to climb to the top of his tree house.
adj
not usually talking about or making obvious your own abilities and achievements:
modest
/ˈmɑː.dɪst/
Derek is very modest for someone who is so rich.
V
to fill, exist in, or use a place or period of time:
occupy
/ˈɑː.kjə.paɪ/
Kevin and Alice occupied the chairs and had a long discussion.
n
a coin worth one cent.
penny
/ˈpen.i/
US President Abraham Lincoln is on the penny.
(plural p, pence or pennies)
V
to talk about and promote a religious idea.
preach
/priːtʃ/
Aaron often preached about living an honest life.
V
to be successful or make a lot of money.
prosper
/ˈprɑː.spɚ/
Frank’s new business finally prospered after many years of hard work.
n
an area that is controlled by a country.
province
/ˈprɑː.vɪns/
Canada is divided into several different provinces.
n
the feeling of having done or received something good.
satisfaction
/ˌsæt̬.ɪsˈfæk.ʃən/
Brad was filled with satisfaction when he saw what was for dinner.
V
to keep something going.
sustain
/səˈsteɪn/
Wind power is a clean way to sustain a city with energy.
V
to get or gain possession of something.
acquire
/əˈkwaɪɚ/
Tina acquired a strange package yesterday.
adj
embarrassing and uncomfortable.
awkward
/ˈɑː.kwɚd/
After dropping his coffee cup, Robbie felt awkward.
n
a person who takes care of very young, old, or sick people.
caretaker
/ˈkerˌteɪ.kɚ/
My grandmother’s caretaker helps her get around the house.
V
a. to cause to believe what is not true : to mislead
b. to act in a way that hides one’s true intentions
deceive
/dɪˈsiːv/
He tried to deceive his friends with a card trick.
V
to make someone feel less excited about something.
discourage
/dɪˈskɝː.ɪdʒ/
Mr. Perry discouraged the students from quitting school.
adj
is made to look real in order to trick people.
fake
/feɪk/
The model was wearing fake hair.
n
a strong feeling of not liking someone or something.
hatred
/ˈheɪ.trɪd/
I have a hatred for the taste of medicine.
n
a house made of wood, grass, or mud that has only one or two rooms.
hut
/hʌt/
We all went into the hut to sleep.
adj
not as good as something else.
inferior
/ɪnˈfɪr.i.ɚ/
Cars built a hundred years ago are inferior to ones built today.
n
a person who has recently arrived at a place or a group.
newcomer
/ˈnuːˌkʌm.ɚ/
The students happily welcomed the newcomer to the school.
n
a house in the mountains used by people who hunt or fish.
lodge
/lɑːdʒ/
During our ski trip, we stayed at a lodge.
V
to not take care of someone or something properly.
neglect
/nɪˈɡlekt/
William neglected his room, so it is a complete mess.
n
behavior that is wrong or breaks a law.
offense
Stealing a car is a very serious offense.
US spelling of offence
V
to not notice something or to not realize that it is important.
overlook
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈlʊk/
Brenda overlooked the last step and had a bad fall.
V
to pay back or to reward someone or something.
repay
/rɪˈpeɪ/
She repaid her friend for all of his hard work with a small gift.
adj
silly or strange.
ridiculous
/rɪˈdɪk.jə.ləs/
Steve looked ridiculous with those huge blue sunglasses.
adj
good enough.
satisfactory
/ˌsæt̬.ɪsˈfæk.tɚ.i/
Mina often received satisfactory grades since she studied so hard.
n
is a person who protects and cares for sheep
shepherd
/ˈʃep.ɚd/
The shepherd moved the sheep to another field.
V
to go to a place that may be dangerous.
venture
/ˈven.tʃɚ/
Even though it was dangerous, they ventured up the mountain.
n
a plant from which we get the grain used to make bread.
wheat
The field of golden wheat was ready to be harvested.
n
a narrow road between houses or buildings.
alley
/ˈæl.i/
The alley behind my house looks dirty.
N
a tool used to cut wood.
ax
/æks/
She used an ax to cut some wood for the fire.
n
a group of the same things.
bunch
/bʌntʃ/
She was hungry, so she ate the entire bunch of grapes.
n
an unpleasant job that must be done.
chore
/tʃɔːr/
It’s Nikki’s chore to do the dishes every Tuesday and Wednesday night
adj
A … person or thing is OK or good enough.
decent
/ˈdiː.sənt/
Eric did a decent job painting the fence.
n
the middle part of an arm, where it bends.
elbow
/ˈel.boʊ/
She pointed to her elbow to show me where she hurt herself.
adj
very bad behavior
disgraceful
/dɪsˈɡreɪs.fəl/
This is a disgraceful waste of money.
adj
A …. person feels thankful about something.
grateful
/ˈɡreɪt.fəl/
The girls were grateful for the chance to visit their grandfather.
V
to say something that is not true as a joke.
kid
/kɪd/
I am not really mad. I was kidding when I said I was angry.
2nd meanind: a child
3rd meaning: a young goat
V
to annoy someone.
irritate
/ˈɪr.ə.teɪt/
Karen’s brother irritated her when he told her that he had lost her camera.
adj
A ….. thing is not held in place tightly.
loose
/luːs/
The bolt was loose, so I tightened it with the wrench.
V
to make someone angry or upset.
offend
/əˈfend/
They were both offended by what they had said to each other.
adv
An ….. action happens during the night.
overnight
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈnaɪt/
The campers stayed in the tent overnight.
V
to keep doing something even when it is hard.
persist
/pɚˈsɪst/
Even though the lesson was difficult, he persisted until he understood.
n
a type of tall, thin tree with needles instead of leaves.
pine
/paɪn/
There were many beautiful pine trees in the forest.
n
a mark on the skin after a wound heals.
scar
/skɑːr/
The man had horrible scars on his cheek and forehead.
n
a feeling that people get from their senses.
sensation
/senˈseɪ.ʃən/
Mom got a painful sensation in her head from the loud noise.
n
a small vehicle used on snow.
sled
/sled/
Marvin likes to ride his sled down the hill in winter.
(UK sledge)
V
to laugh at or make fun of someone.
tease
/tiːz/
Jake teased Charlie because he was the new student.
n
someone loved or admired with great affection.
valentine
/ˈvæl.ən.taɪn/
Harry wanted Molly to be his valentine.
V
to get to know something or someone.
acquaint
/əˈkweɪnt/
Nancy acquainted herself with the new computer.
n
a place where people are buried when they die.
cemetery
/ˈsem.ə.ter.i/
Some people are scared of cemeteries.
n
an animal or person
creature
/ˈkriː.tʃɚ/
Those creatures live in Africa.
V
to hope that bad things happen to someone or something
curse
/kɝːs/
The witch cursed the village.
n
something you wear so people cannot tell who you are.
disguise
/dɪsˈɡaɪz/
Everyone knew that it was Dad in the Santa disguise.
adj
A …. thing is nicer or more detailed than normal.
fancy
/ˈfæn.si/
Their table was all set for a fancy dinner.
n
A part of a coat that goes over a person’s head.
hood
/hʊd/
She put on her hood to keep her head warm.
n
a small electric light that people carry in their hands.
flashlight
/ˈflæʃ.laɪt/
We took a flashlight when we went camping.
n
a person who lives in a certain place.
inhabitant
/ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/
The number of inhabitants in the countryside is increasing.
V
to give someone or something the food needed to live.
nourish
/ˈnɝː.ɪʃ/
A good mother will nourish her baby every day.
n
a sailor who steals things from other boats.
pirate
/ˈpaɪr.ət/
Pirates are very scary characters.
n
something printed, like a newspaper or book.
publication
/ˌpʌb.ləˈkeɪ.ʃən/
She’s been a subscriber to that publication for over ten years.
n
a question that is difficult to answer but meant to be funny.
riddle
/ˈrɪd.əl/
I could not answer Wendy’s riddle, but it made me laugh.
V
to slowly get softer and become destroyed.
rot
/rɑːt/
The old log began to rot in the forest.
adv
An action that happens happens very soon.
shortly
/ˈʃɔːrt.li/
My workday will end shortly.
n
is all the bones of a body.
skeleton
/ˈskel.ə.t̬ən/
There is a skeleton in the science classroom.
V
to rot or to make bad.
spoil
/spɔɪl/
We left the fruit out too long, and it spoiled.
V
to not get enough food for a long period of time.
starve
/stɑːrv/
During the war, many people starved.
adj
very bad or evil person
wicked
/ˈwɪk.ɪd/
My boss is a very wicked man.
n
an exciting feeling, usually caused by something pleasant:
thrill
/θrɪl/
The surfer enjoys the thrill of surfing a big wave.
V
to tell or warn that someone about something.
alert
/əˈlɝːt/
The fire alarm alerted us that there was a problem.
n
a television or radio show.
broadcast
/ˈbrɑːd.kæst/
We watched the broadcast of the local news on TV.
n
a news report about very recent and important events.
bulletin
/ˈbʊl.ə.t̬ɪn/
There was a live bulletin reporting on the economy of the city.
n
a small raised area on a surface.
bump
/bʌmp/
The monkey got a bump on his head because he was hit by a rock.
V
to cut it into pieces with a tool.
chop
/tʃɑːp/
Mom chopped some vegetables to put into the stew.
V
to give comfort to a person who feels sad.
console
/kənˈsoʊl/
When my dog ran away, my dad consoled me.
n
a small part of a city, county, state, or country.
district
/ˈdɪs.trɪkt/
I live in a residential district of Seattle, Washington.
n
a small part in furniture that is used to store things.
drawer
/drɔːr/
I put my clothes into the empty drawers.
n
a small room used to store things.
closet
Marie has many clothes inside of her closet.
V
to experience and survive something difficult.
endure
/ɪnˈdʊr/
She had to endure her husband shouting all day long.
V
to kill someone as a legal punishment.
execute
/ˈek.sə.kjuːt/
Some people are executed for serious crimes.
n
the back part of something.
rear
/rɪr/
The man loaded the rear of his truck with boxes.
V
to hold something.
grasp
/ɡræsp/
He grasped the bag of money tightly.
n
someone who makes laws for a state.
senator
/ˈsen.ə.t̬ɚ/
The young senator promised to make laws that would help the people.
n
the hard head bone that protects the brain.
skull
/skʌl/
The brain is protected by the skull.
V
to mix something using something small, like a spoon.
stir
Mom stirred the batter until it was smooth.
V
to hit something lightly.
tap
/tæp/
He tapped the keys of the keyboard to write a short word.
prep
below or under.
underneath
/ˌʌn.dɚˈniːθ/
The roots of a tree are located underneath the ground.
adj
very large or very good.
tremendous
/trɪˈmen.dəs/
The Earth’s oceans are filled with a tremendous amount of water.
n
a small animal with a long, thin body.
worm
/wɝːm/
Worms are often used to help catch fish.
V
to leave something forever or for a long time.
abandon
/əˈbæn.dən/
The old room had been abandoned years before.
adj
An …. person wants to be rich or successful.
ambitious
/æmˈbɪʃ.əs/
Kendra had to be ambitious to get into medical school.
V
to make a short, loud noise, like a dog.
bark
/bɑːrk/
The dog barked loudly and frighteningly.
n
an area near the ocean where the land goes inward.
bay
/beɪ/
The Golden Gate Bridge crosses San Francisco Bay.
n
the hard part at the bottom of a person’s face.
chin
Luke pointed to the hair on his chin.
adj
very bright or smart person
brilliant
/ˈbrɪl.jənt/
My younger sister is brilliant for someone her age.
n
an expression of unhappiness about something.
complaint
/kəmˈpleɪnt/
Mom said she didn’t want to hear my brother’s complaints.
adj
unable to hear, either completely or partly:
deaf
/def/
Susan uses sign language because she is deaf.
n
where the sky looks like it meets the ground.
horizon
/həˈraɪ.zən/
The sun dipped below the horizon.
adj
… people always help or support a certain person or thing.
loyal
/ˈlɔɪ.əl/
The three friends are very loyal to each other.
n
the person in charge of a city.
mayor
/mer/
The mayor of my hometown is quite a powerful speaker.
adj
A person who is excited by or interested in something.
enthusiastic
/ɪnˌθuː.ziˈæs.tɪk/
The man was enthusiastic about his job.
adj
is felt in the same way by two or more people.
mutual
/ˈmjuː.tʃu.əl/
Robert likes Sarah, and she likes him. The feeling is mutual.
n
a long trip, usually to a place very far away.
expedition
/ˌek.spəˈdɪʃ.ən/
They got into their spaceship to begin their expedition.
adj
heavier than is healthy.
overweight
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈweɪt/
Lisa eats too much, so now she’s overweight.
n
a place of safety.
refuge
/ˈref.juːdʒ/
When it started to rain, she found refuge in the house.
V
to put something back the way it was.
restore
/rɪˈstɔːr/
Victor restored the old car.
V
to push on something and move your hand back and forth.
rub
/rʌb/
Mom’s feet were sore, so she rubbed them.
n
how living things experience the world: sight, taste, smell, hearing and touch.
senses
/sens/
It would be hard to live without your five senses.
n
a doctor who takes care of animals.
veterinarian
/ˌvet.ər.ɪˈner.i.ən/
Wanda became a veterinarian because she loves dogs.
formal for vet
n
a day that celebrates something from the past.
anniversary
/ˌæn.əˈvɝː.sɚ.i/
My parents went out to a restaurant for their wedding anniversary.
n
the fundamental of mathematics that involves the adding and multiplying, etc. of numbers:
arithmetic
/əˈrɪθ.mə.tɪk/
I like to study arithmetic at school.
from Greek arithmētikē (tekhnē) ‘(art) of counting’, from arithmos ‘number’.
adj
feeling upset and embarrassed because of a bad action.
ashamed
/əˈʃeɪmd/
He was ashamed when he forgot his teacher’s name.
V
to suddenly break open or apart.
burst
/bɝːst/
The bomb burst over the city.
n
a hard black material that people burn for heat.
coal
/koʊl/
Many power stations burn coal to produce energy.
n
a person who builds things with wood.
carpenter
/ˈkɑːr.pɪn.t̬ɚ/
We hired a carpenter to make a cupboard.
n
a long, soft seat that many people can sit on.
couch
/kaʊtʃ/
Kim and Martin’s new couch was very expensive.
V
to fall a little bit at a time.
drip
/drɪp/
I heard water dripping from the faucet.
adj
very fancy and pleasing.
elegant
/ˈel.ə.ɡənt/
In Japan, women wear elegant kimonos on special occasions.
n
cloth used to make clothes, furniture, etc.
fabric
/ˈfæb.rɪk/
The towels were made from a soft fabric.
n
are high areas of land, usually with mountains.
highlands
/ˈhaɪ.ləndz/
The man had a small home in the highlands.
n
a hard, white substance that comes from elephants.
ivory
/ˈaɪ.vɚ.i/
The elephant’s long ivory tusks looked very impressive.
n
a building in which wheat is ground into flour.
mill
/mɪl/
The farmer took his wheat to the mill to make it into flour.
n
a small, sharp piece of metal used to make or fix clothes.
needle
I used a needle to fix the hole in my pants.
V
to put pieces of cloth together using string or thread.
sew
/soʊ/
I learned to sew when I was a little girl.
sew - sewed | sewn or sewed
V
to rub something in order to make it shiny.
polish
/ˈpɑː.lɪʃ/
Mark spent all morning polishing his shoes for the wedding.
n
a small building in which people store things like tools.
shed
/ʃed/
We have a small shed in the backyard for storage.
n
a thin piece of string.
thread
/θred/
I have many different colors of thread at home.
V
to cut something a little bit.
trim
/trɪm/
I had my hair trimmed this afternoon.
adv
An …. action moves vertically towards the direction above.
upwards
/ˈʌp.wɚdz/
The kite went upwards further and further.
n
someone who agrees to help or support another person or group.
ally
/ˈæl.aɪ/
I was happy to find many allies who shared my opinion.
V
to talk about how great one is.
boast
/boʊst/
We all became tired of listening to him boast about himself all day.
n
substances in foods like bread that give energy.
carbohydrate
/ˌkɑːr.boʊˈhaɪ.dreɪt/
Carbohydrates like rice are a good source of energy for active people.
V
to move up and away from a surface after hitting it.
bounce
/baʊns/
Owen bounced the ball on the ground.
n
a person who is mean to others.
bully
/ˈbʊl.i/
The two bullies always picked on the smaller, weaker kids.
V
to move slowly on hands and knees.
crawl
/krɑːl/
The baby crawled across the floor.
V
to beat a person in a game or battle.
/dɪˈfiːt/
defeat
The champion defeated the challenger in the boxing match.
n
a circular tool, like the front of a clock.
dial
/ˈdaɪ.əl/
I looked at the dial to see what time it was.
n
a person or group trying to defeat another person or group.
opponent
/əˈpoʊ.nənt/
On the field, our opponents were too good for us.
adj
feeling or causing pain.
sore
/sɔːr/
After lifting the heavy box, Mona’s back was sore.
v
to cause pain by pushing a sharp part into the skin.
sting
/stɪŋ/
The needle stung my arm and made me say, “Ouch!”
sting - stung - stung
V
to move your head up and down.
nod
/nɑːd/
I nodded my head as I listened to the song.
V
to argue or fight.
quarrel
/ˈkwɔːr.əl/
Billy quarreled with his wife about buying a new house.
n
someone trying to achieve the same thing as another.
rival
/ˈraɪ.vəl/
The three rivals were all competing for the same job.
nw
action that causes physical or mental pain.
torture
/ˈtɔːr.tʃɚ/
Greg thought that writing the essay was torture.
V
to try very hard.
strain
/streɪn/
Casey strained to lift the heavy box.
n
the state of something being away.
absence
/ˈæbsəns/
There is an absence of sand in the hourglass.
adv
An action done so that people can hear it.
aloud
/əˈlaʊd/
My father often reads stories aloud to me and my sister.
V
to try to push another competitor to the floor.
wrestle
/ˈres.əl/
My dad loved to wrestle when he was in high school.
adj
A … person or animal has no hair.
bald
My oldest brother is bald.
n
a piece of cloth that people use to keep warm or to sit upon.
blanket
/ˈblæŋ.kɪt/
I laid a blanket on the ground so that we could have a picnic.
V
to move quietly and slowly.
creep
/kriːp/
The cat slowly crept down the tree.
creep - crept - crept
adj
the whole thing or group.
entire
/ɪnˈtaɪr/
The entire table was covered with food.
n
a feeling or act of kindness.
mercy
/ˈmɝː.si/
He asked his boss for mercy and to not fire him.
adj
more important, strong, or noticeable than anything else of the same type:
dominant
/ˈdɑː.mə.nənt/
The gorilla is one of the dominant animals in the jungle.
n
the process of ending a marriage.
divorce
/dɪˈvɔːrs/
Divorce rates have increased in the past twenty years.
V
to act in the exact same way.
imitate
/ˈɪm.ə.teɪt/
He imitated his favorite superhero by putting on a costume.
n
a baby or a very young child:
infant
/ˈɪn.fənt/
The infant cried all night.
V
to take someone illegally.
kidnap
/ˈkɪd.næp/
She was terrified to find out her son had been kidnapped.
n
a short sleep, usually during the day.
nap
/næp/
I took a short nap because I had stayed up late last night.
adv
no place or not existing.
nowhere
/ˈnoʊ.wer/
Unfortunately, water was nowhere to be found.
V
to hit something softly with your hand.
pat
/pæt/
I patted some lotion onto my face.
n
a good feeling after something bad or challenging ends.
relief
/rɪˈliːf/
I felt a sense of relief when I heard the good news.
V
to make something exactly how someone else did it.
reproduce
/ˌriː.prəˈduːs/
The children tried to reproduce their house using toy blocks.
n
A writing or speech that has words with the same ending sounds.
rhyme
/raɪm/
“Humpty Dumpty” is an old rhyme that children learn in school.
V
to put something in your mouth and try to get something out of it.
suck
/sʌk/
The baby sucked milk from her bottle.
adj
important and needs to be done now.
urgent
/ˈɝː.dʒənt/
He had to leave at that moment; it was urgent.
V
to go away suddenly.
vanish
/ˈvæn.ɪʃ/
All the passengers vanished from the train station.
n
a cart used to carry heavy things.
wagon
He used his wagon to carry some of his gifts.
n
a line on a person’s face that appears as they get old.
wrinkle
/ˈrɪŋ.kəl/
My grandfather has some wrinkles on his face.
n
the design and form of a building.
architecture
/ˈɑːr.kə.tek.tʃɚ/
The Sydney Opera House is a good example of modern architecture.
n
a container made of woven materials that is used to carry things.
basket
/ˈbæs.kət/
He put the vegetables in a basket.
V
to produce an open flower.
bloom
/bluːm/
The white daisies were about to bloom.
n
a long, light boat with pointed ends.
canoe
/kəˈnuː/
He paddled his canoe to the edge of the lake.
n
a thick, heavy, woven fabric used to cover the floor.
carpet
/ˈkɑːr.pət/
His white living room carpet was soft.
n
is the child of one’s aunt and uncle.
cousin
/ˈkʌz.ən/
My cousin looks just like me.
n
a piece of furniture that people sit at to do work.
desk
/desk/
She put the books on her desk.
n
a large space where people can see works of art.
gallery
/ˈɡæl.ɚ.i/
The art gallery displayed beautiful paintings.
n
someone who is invited to an event, occasion, or location.
guest
/ɡest/
Alice invited a special guest for dinner.
n
someone who invites a guest someplace.
host
/hoʊst/
He was a gracious host.
n
The seventh month of the year is July.
July
/dʒʊˈlaɪ/
Her birthday is in July.
(written abbreviation Jul.)
n
belongs to the current time.
modern
/ˈmɑː.dɚn/
The kitchen had a modern look.
n
a building that displays cultural, social, and scientific objects.
museum
/mjuːˈziː.əm/
The Louvre is a famous museum in France.
from Greek mouseion ‘seat of the Muses’, based on mousa ‘muse’.
adj
a pale shade of red.
pink
/pɪŋk/
She chose a pink lipstick.
n
a vehicle that has an engine and wings and flies in the air.
plane
/pleɪn/
They took a plane across the ocean to India.
(UK also aeroplane); (US also airplane)
n
a large electrical machine used to keep food cold.
refrigerator
/rɪˈfrɪdʒ.ə.reɪ.t̬ɚ/
He kept milk, eggs, and butter in the refrigerator.
V
to think that something will happen.
anticipate
/ænˈtɪs.ə.peɪt/
Carrie anticipated the arrival of her baby.
n
a round thing that you can keep liquids in
barrel
/ˈber.əl/
There was an empty barrel outside the house.
n
a heavy bar.
beam
/biːm/
Modern skyscrapers are made with many beams.
adj
not formal; relaxed in style or manner:
casual
/ˈkæʒ.uː.əl/
You can wear casual clothes, like jeans, to the party.
n
care and attention in order to avoid danger.
caution
/ˈkɑː.ʃən/
Please use the power saw with caution. It is very dangerous.
n
the opposite to another thing.
contrary
It isn’t warm outside at all. On the contrary, it is quite cold.
adj
A …. action is one done on purpose, not by accident.
deliberate
/dɪˈlɪb.ɚ.ət/
Bernie made a deliberate attempt to injure Andy.
dissolve
V
to suddenly move apart in many smaller pieces.
explode
/ɪkˈsploʊd/
The old TV exploded when I plugged it in.
n
a measure of how hot or cold something is.
temperature
/ˈtem.pɚ.ə.tʃɚ/
In the winter, the temperature can drop below 0 degrees.
n
a place where people can watch movies or live shows.
theater
/ˈθiː.ə.t̬ɚ/
He took her to see a comedy show at the theater.
adj
higher position
upper
/ˈʌp.ɚ/
He took the elevator to the upper floor.
V
to greet someone or something with pleasure.
welcome
/ˈwel.kəm/
She greeted her friends with a warm welcome.
n
a small towel.
rag
/ræɡ/
Please use a rag to clean the dust off the table.
V
to make something go in many places.
scatter
/ˈskæt̬.ɚ/
I accidentally scattered all of my pills.
n
a pleasant natural smell
scent
/sent/
Julie enjoyed the scent of the flowers.
n
a strong gray metal.
steel
/stiːl/
The new apartment building was made with steel.
n
a very small living thing that can make people sick.
germ
/dʒɝːm/
Germs are on everything that you touch.
V
to close something or attach it to something
fasten
/ˈfæs.ən/
Elizabeth fastened her seat belt.
n
a set of all the things needed to do something.
kit
/kɪt/
Is there a first aid kit in your office?
n
a little bit of smoke or steam.
puff
/pʌf/
A puff of smoke came from the burnt match.
adj
fast person or animal
swift
/swɪft/
The swift horse easily jumped over the hurdle.
V
to throw something softly.
toss
/tɑːs/
He tossed a coin into the air.
n
the act or feeling of winning.
triumph
/ˈtraɪ.əmf/
He raised the award in triumph at the end of his speech.
adj
A …. person feels upset or angry about something.
bitter
/ˈbɪt̬.ɚ/
He was extremely bitter when his computer crashed.
n
a small metal object that is shot out of a gun.
bullet
/ˈbʊl.ɪt/
Bullets come in different sizes for different guns.
V
to make a person follow a rule.
enforce
/ɪnˈfɔːrs/
Police enforce traffic laws to keep everyone safe.
n
a source of water made by people.
fountain
/ˈfaʊn.tən/
There was a beautiful fountain in the middle of the park
V
to be moved slowly by wind or water.
drift
/drɪft/
The large chunk of ice drifted in the water.
n
an area of water along a shore where boats land.
harbor
/ˈhɑːr.bɚ/
There were a few small boats in the harbor.
US spelling of harbour
V
to live in a certain place.
inhabit
/ɪnˈhæb.ɪt/
No one inhabits the ancient city.
V
to walk at a steady pace together with others.
march
/mɑːrtʃ/
The soldiers marched in straight rows.
V
to lose liquid from the body through the skin.
sweat
/swet/
Whenever I go to the gym, I sweat quite a bit.
n
the part of a gun that a person pulls to make it fire.
trigger
/ˈtrɪɡ.ɚ/
The man had his finger on the trigger of the gun.
n
a large ship or boat.
vessel
/ˈves.əl/
We toured the area aboard a luxury vessel.
n
a long journey made on a boat or an aircraft.
voyage
/ˈvɔɪ.ɪdʒ/
The astronauts took off on a long voyage to the moon.
V
to like and honor a person, thing, or religious figure.
worship
/ˈwɝː.ʃɪp/
On the island the people worshipped different gods.
n
a piece of cloth used to stop bleeding.
bandage
/ˈbæn.dɪdʒ/
If you cut yourself, please get a bandage from the first-aid kit.
V
to lose blood.
bleed
/bliːd/
If you are not careful, you will cut your finger and bleed.
bleed / bled / bled
n
a place where ships stop to load and unload things.
port
/pɔːrt/
The ship was being loaded with materials at the port.
n
a police officer who is in charge of a large area.
sheriff
/ˈʃer.ɪf/
It was the sheriff’s job to make the city safe.
V
to scare someone suddenly.
startle
/ˈstɑːr.t̬əl/
The loud crash startled the sleeping woman.
n
the hat worn by a king or queen.
crown
/kraʊn/
The crown is made of gold.
n
a person who cooks in a restaurant.
chef
/ʃef/
Tom is a chef at the restaurant near my house.
V
to put one or both knees on the ground.
kneel
/niːl/
Daryl kneeled down on one knee and asked Nina to marry him.
kneel / knelt or kneeled / knelt or kneeled
n
the leader of a group of countries.
emperor
/ˈem.pɚ.ɚ/
The emperor Julius Caesar was in control of ancient Rome.
from Latin imperator ‘military commander’
n
a thread of a substance used to make clothes or rope.
fiber
/ˈfaɪ.bɚ/
The mat was made from tiny fibers.
n
a long, loose piece of clothing.
robe
/roʊb/
The monks at the temple all wear robes.
adj
A …. person or thing is thin, not thick.
slim
/slɪm/
Look at my new cell phone. It’s very slim.
slim slimmer slimmest
n
a device used to cook food.
stove
/stoʊv/
Our new stove helps us to cook food much faster than before.
n
a young person or a teenager.
adolescent
/ˌæd.əˈles.ənt/
The adolescent was excited about getting a skateboard for his birthday.
n
a group of people that listen to a trial and say if someone is guilty.
jury
/ˈdʒʊr.i/
The jury listened closely to the attorney before they made their decision.
n
a place where medicine is sold.
pharmacy
My mother sells medicine to people at the pharmacy.
n
a small object that has medicine inside.
sche
/pɪl/
She took a pill for her headache.
V
to believe something is true without being certain.
presume
/prɪˈzuːm/
Since the girl raised her hand, the teacher presumed she knew the answer.
n
a piece from something larger, such as a cake.
slice
The girl enjoyed a slice of cake at her birthday party.
n
a thin tube that is used to suck liquid into the mouth.
straw
/strɑː/
I drank the orange juice through a straw.
n
a breakfast food made from grains that is eaten with milk.
cereal
/ˈsɪr.i.əl/
Cereal is a fast and common breakfast food enjoyed in the US.
n
The …. of a round thing is the length across its center.
diameter
/daɪˈæm.ə.t̬ɚ/
The diameter of the tree was about 60 centimeters.
n
a long time with little or no food.
famine
/ˈfæm.ɪn/
The farmers couldn’t grow any food in the dry soil, so there was a famine.
n
a hard seed or fruit that comes from some trees and bushes.
nut
/nʌt/
To eat a nut, you must first crack its shell.
n
a king in ancient Egypt.
pharaoh
/ˈfer.oʊ/
The pharaohs ruled Egypt for thousands of years.
from Egyptian pr-‘o ‘great house’
adj
A … fruit or vegetable is ready to be eaten.
ripe
/raɪp/
The cherries were nice and ripe.
V
to cook it in an oven or over a fire.
roast
/roʊst/
Mom roasted a turkey for the holiday dinner.
n
the grey or black powder created when something is burned.
ash
The end of his cigar was full of ashes.
V
to explode or blow apart, especially a volcano.
erupt
/ɪˈrʌpt/
The volcano erupted for the first time in ten years.
n
the hot substance made of melted rock that comes out of volcanoes.
lava
/ˈlɑː.və/
The red-hot lava poured from the volcano.
adj
very unhappy
miserable
/ˈmɪz.ɚ.ə.bəl/
He was miserable after his dog died.
n
ground that is not flat.
slope
/sloʊp/
The slope to the top of the mountain was very steep.
n
a feeling of sadness for another person who feels bad.
sympathy
/ˈsɪm.pə.θi/
I felt sympathy for my sister, so I got her a balloon to cheer her up.
n
metal worn by soldiers to protect the body.
armor
/ˈɑːr.mɚ/
The soldier wore armor to protect his body.
US spelling of armour
n
a high and often flat wall of rock.
cliff
/klɪf/
The wolf stood at the cliff and howled.
n
a stream of hot, burning gas from something on fire:
flame
/fleɪm/
The torch was filled with yellow and orange flames.
n
an attack by a group from another country.
invasion
/ɪnˈveɪ.ʒən/
In Korea, walls were built around cities to protect them from invasions.
n
a soldier of high rank and skill who usually serves a king.
knight
/naɪt/
He was the best soldier, so the king made him a knight.
n
the bright light seen during a storm.
lightning
/ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/
The lightning flashed above the water.
n
a change to the political system by a group of people.
revolution
/ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən/
The revolution in Russia led to the creation of the Soviet Union.
n
a long stick with a blade on one end that is used as a weapon.
spear
The soldier was holding a spear in his hand.
n
soldiers that fight in groups in a battle.
troops
/trups/
The troops were all prepared to go into battle.
n
a brave soldier or fighter.
warrior
/ˈwɔːr.i.ɚ/
The samurai were some of the most skilled warriors in the ancient world.
n
a long seat for two or more people.
bench
/bentʃ/
Most parks have benches for people to relax upon.
n
a small flower with white petals and a yellow center.
daisy
/ˈdeɪ.zi/
There were a few daisies growing in the field.
adj
An … container is one that has no things in it.
empty
/ˈemp.ti/
The teacher showed the students an empty bottle.
n
water that can be seen in the air or on a surface.
mist
/mɪst/
The forest was covered with mist.
n
the act of hurting someone who has hurt you.
revenge
/rɪˈvendʒ/
He broke his sister’s doll as revenge after she lost his favorite book.
n
The …. of a plant is the stick that grows leaves or flowers.
stem
/stem/
The rose had a long thin stem.
adj
soft and easy to chew food
tender
/ˈten.dɚ/
The meat was so tender they didn’t need knives to cut it.
prep
under or lower than.
beneath
/bɪˈniːθ/
The largest part of an iceberg lies beneath the waterline.
n
a baby animal, such as a bear or lion.
cub
/kʌb/
The lion cub was crying for its mother.
n
the time of day when the sun rises.
dawn
/dɑːn/
At dawn, the sun gently rose over the farm.
n
a condition without difficulty or hard work.
ease
/iːz/
The monkey climbed the tree with ease.
n
ice that falls from the sky when rain freezes.
hail
/heɪl/
The hail from the storm was the size of golf balls.
V
to make a long, loud sound like a wolf or a dog.
howl
/haʊl/
The wolf howled at the moon.
n
the highest part of a hill or mountain.
summit
/ˈsʌm.ɪt/
Snow covered the summit of the mountain even during the summer.
n
the loud noise heard during a storm.
thunder
/ˈθʌn.dɚ/
The sound of the thunder startled me.
n
a large group of things on top of one another.
pile
The pile of cups was beginning to lean.
adj
very good.
terrific
/təˈrɪf.ɪk/
My youngest daughter is a terrific painter.
adj
necessary for life.
vital
/ˈvaɪ.t̬əl/
The heart is a vital organ.
n
one of the two soft parts on a woman’s chest.
breast
/brest/
She was diagnosed with breast cancer.
n
a serious disease that causes cells to grow abnormally.
cancer
/ˈkæn.sɚ/
He was a leading scientist in finding a cure for cancer.
adj
…. cells are the result of cancer.
cancerous
/ˈkæn.sə.rəs/
The exam found cancerous cells in the patient’s blood.
n
the smallest part of a living thing that can live by itself.
cell
A red blood cell carries oxygen.
n
a thinly wrapped paper tube filled with tobacco that is smoked.
cigarette
/ˈsɪɡ.ə.ret/
Cigarette smoking is terrible for your health.
(informal cig, ciggie)
n
a set of symbols used to hide or read a message.
code
/koʊd/
She used the code to solve the puzzle.
n
A …. controls what it looks like, how an organism grows, and how it develops.
gene
/dʒiːn/
Gene therapy is sometimes used to treat an illness.
n
a painting or photograph of someone.
portrait
/ˈpɔːr.trɪt/
I saw many religious portraits when I went to the museum.
n
a thick line.
stripe
/straɪp/
The flag of the United States has red and white stripes.
adj
A …. animal is not afraid to be near people.
tame
/teɪm/
The tame bird rested in his hand.
n
a sweet substance comes from plants and is used to make food taste sweet.
sugar
/ˈʃʊɡ.ɚ/
She added extra sugar to her tea.
n
a traveling show with animals and people.
circus
/ˈsɝː.kəs/
I like to go to the circus to see the animals do tricks.
n
a small, old house in the countryside.
cottage
/ˈkɑː.t̬ɪdʒ/
My aunt lives in a pretty cottage in the mountains
n
the time of the day when the sky is light.
daytime
/ˈdeɪ.taɪm/
The kids are only allowed to play outside in the daytime.
V
to become quieter or less bright.
fade
/feɪd/
The piece of cloth I found was old and faded.
adj
angry or violent person or animal.
fierce
Wolves are fierce animals. Do not disturb them.
n
an area covered in grass.
lawn
/lɑːn/
My dad keeps the lawn in front of our house very neat.
n
a criminal who hides from the police.
outlaw
/ˈaʊt.lɑː/
The police passed out posters of the outlaw to all the people.
n
a bag in which women keep money, makeup, keys, etc.
purse
/pɝːs/
My sister likes to buy designer purses.
n
a thin stick made of wood or metal.
rod
/rɑːd/
I bought a new fishing rod to use while on vacation.
adv
almost never:
seldom
/ˈsel.dəm/
It seldom rains in southern Arizona.
V
to cut the hairs on one’s face with a sharp tool.
shave
/ʃeɪv/
My father shaves his face every day because he doesn’t want a beard.
n
a man who can do magic.
wizard
/ˈwɪz.ɚd/
The wizard made gold fall from the sky.
n
a company that takes people to different places by plane.
airline
/ˈer.laɪn/
The airline has excellent customer service.
n
type of money used in that country.
currency
/ˈkɝː.ən.si/
The currency in China is different from that in Australia.
n
a collection of information and facts.
data
/dæt̬.ə/
He saved all the data on his computer.
n
a fun and creative activity people do in their free time.
hobby
/ˈhɑː.bi/
She liked to paint as a hobby.
a fast plane with a big engine.
jet
/dʒet/
Her company owns a private jet.
n
a series of rulers who are all from the same family.
dynasty
/ˈdaɪ.nə.sti/
The ancient Egyptians had a dynasty that lasted for many years.
n
a white layer of ice that forms during very cold weather.
frost
/frɑːst/
In the morning, the trees were all covered with frost.
adj
something related to the sea.
marine
/məˈriːn/
A healthy ocean is full of marine animals.
n
a line of light that comes from a bright object.
ray
/reɪ/
The sun’s warm rays covered the beach.
V
to shake as a result of excitement or cold weather.
tremble
/ˈtrem.bəl/
Harry was not used to the cold, so he trembled most of the day.
n
the season of the year between summer and winter.
autumn
/ˈɑː.t̬əm/
I love when the leaves fall in autumn because I can play in them.
V
to move in a line that bends and does not go straight.
curve
/kɝːv/
The road curves to the left and to the right.
n
objects that create colored lights when they are lit.
fireworks
The display of fireworks was so beautiful.
n
a powder made from plants that is used to make foods like bread.
flour
/ˈflaʊ.ɚ/
I wanted to bake a pie, but I needed flour.
n
a string on fireworks that burns to make them explode.
fuse
/fjuːz/
The boy lit the fuse on the rocket and waited for it to burst in the sky.
n
a root of a plant that is used to make food spicy and sweet.
ginger
/ˈdʒɪn.dʒɚ/
Ginger is a common ingredient in many dishes from India.
n
a paper that proves that something was received or bought.
receipt
/rɪˈsiːt/
After looking at my receipt, I realized that I had spent too much money.
V
to slide a piece of cloth over something to clean it.
wipe
/waɪp/
She wiped the dust from the windows.
n
a thin string made out of metal.
wire
/waɪr/
The wires were connected to towers that brought electricity to the city.
V
to pull something across the ground.
drag
/dræɡ/
The dog was dragging his owner down the street.
n
the collection of features of a society, such as language and religion.
heritage
Teepees are part of the heritage of the Native Americans of the plains.
n
a piece of jewelry that people wear around their necks.
necklace
/ˈnek.ləs/
Joyce received a lovely pearl necklace for her wedding anniversary.
n
a pile of different things.
stack
/stæk/
There was a stack of paperwork on his desk to complete.
n
an inexpensive metal.(silver-coloured metal, often combined with other metals or used to cover and protect other metals)
tin
/tɪn/
Soup is a food that is often sold in tin cans.
(symbol Sn)
n
an attractive container in which people keep flowers.
vase
/veɪs/
The vase was filled with such lovely flowers.
adj
made from milk.
diary
/ˈder.i/
Things like milk and cheese are dairy foods.
n
the level of the water in the sea.
tide
/taɪd/
The tide continued to crawl upon the beach little by little.
n
a path for water to travel through.
canal
/kəˈnæl/
The city of Venice, Italy, has many canals.
V
to cause great damage or pain to something.
devastate
/ˈdev.ə.steɪt/
The entire wall was devastated.
V
to make an unhappy look with one’s face.
frown
Melissa frowned when she found out that the party had been cancelled.
V
to look at something for a long time.
gaze
/ɡeɪz/
We used a telescope to gaze at the stars for over an hour.
n
a device that makes small objects look bigger.
microscope
/ˈmaɪ.krə.skoʊp/
Germs cannot be seen without a microscope.
n
a boat that can go underwater for long periods of time.
submarine
/ˌsʌb.məˈriːn/
The submarine dove under the sea so the enemy couldn’t see it.
n
the outline of a country’s coast.
coastline
/ˈkoʊst.laɪn/
He noticed that most of the cities in Australia are on the coastline.
n
to prevent or discourage someone from doing something.
deter
/dɪˈtɝː/
Icy roads deter people from driving their cars.
n
something bought to remember of a place or event.
souvenir
/ˌsuː.vəˈnɪr/
I bought a Russian doll as a souvenir on my trip to Moscow.
n
how far it is between two points.
distance
/ˈdɪs.təns/
The distance between America and Russia is about 8,000 km.
n
a large branch on a tree.
limb
/lɪm/
The monkey sat on the tree limb and enjoyed a piece of fruit.
n
a flat kind of boat.
raft
/ræft/
He sailed across the Pacific Ocean on a raft.
n
the body part between the top of the arm and the neck.
shoulder
/ˈʃoʊl.dɚ/
He carried his bike on his shoulder.
