Book 2 Flashcards
conj
for the reason that:
because
/bɪˈkɑːz/
We need to study because we have a test tomorrow.
n
the direction the sun rises from.
east
/iːst/
My window looks to the east, so I can watch the sunrise every morning.
adj
…. things cost a lot of money.
expensive
/ɪkˈspen.sɪv/
My friend drives an expensive sports car.
n
the colored part of a plant.
flower
/ˈflaʊ.ɚ/
She gave pink flowers to her grandmother.
n
an area where people grow plants.
garden
/ˈɡɑːr.dən/
The garden is very bright and colorful in the spring.
n
special day of celebration.
holiday
/ˈhɑː.lə.deɪ/
Monday was a holiday, so there was no school or work.
adj
used mainly in negative sentences and questions and with “too”, “so”, and “as” to mean “a large number of”:
many
/ˈmen.i/
There are many people on the street.
n
the number 1,000,000:
million
/ˈmɪl.jən/
Almost 19 million people live in Delhi, India.
n
a very high hill.
mountain
/ˈmaʊn.tən/
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
n
a space or area.
place
/pleɪs/
A library is a place where people can read books.
adj
liked, enjoyed, or supported by many people:
popular
/ˈpɑː.pjə.lɚ/
These people are listening to a popular man speak.
V
to glide on long pieces of wood or metal over snow.
ski
/skiː/
The man likes to ski and goes every weekend.
adj
it means “like this”.
such
/sʌtʃ/
I have never seen such a beautiful sunset before.
n
the amount you get when several smaller amounts are added together:
total
/ˈtoʊ.t̬əl/
The total cost of the items she bought was $52.
n
a tall, narrow building.
tower
/ˈtaʊ.ɚ/
This is a very famous tower in Italy.
n
a place where people live and work, and is smaller than a city.
town
/taʊn/
I come from a small town, and everyone there knows each other.
n
a group of railway cars connected together.
train
/treɪn/
The train is very fast, so we can get home in one hour.
V
to move forward using legs, but it is slower than running.
walk
/wɑːk/
The children walk to school in the morning.
V
to look at someone or something for a period of time.
watch
/wɑːtʃ/
My friend came over to watch a movie with me.
n
the Earth and all the people and things in it.
world
/wɝːld/
What are the names of the five oceans of the world?
adj
feeling worried or nervous.
anxious
/ˈæŋk.ʃəs/
She was anxious about not making her appointment on time.
very bad.
awful
/ˈɑː.fəl/
Her performance last night was awful.
V
to be made of or formed from something:
consist
/kənˈsɪst/
Today’s choices for lunch consisted of pizza, hamburgers, and hot dogs.
V
to want something.
desire
/dɪˈzaɪr/
My sister desires a big house and lots of money.
adj
showing excitement about something.
eager
/ˈiː.ɡɚ/
The man was eager to talk about the good news.
n
all the people who live in one house.
household
/ˈhaʊs.hoʊld/
Our household is made up of my father, my mother, and me.
n
a plan to do something.
intent
/ɪnˈtent/
Her intent is to visit Italy next summer.
n
how an area of land looks.
landscape
/ˈlænd.skeɪp/
The landscape of the country is very green.
V
to move something higher.
lift
/lɪft/
The man tried to lift the box.
V
to put objects into something.
load
/loʊd/
The man loaded the boxes into a truck.
n
a part of the body that fills with air when breathing.
lung
/lʌŋ/
Having strong lungs is necessary for a healthy life.
n
a movement that someone makes.
motion
/ˈmoʊ.ʃən/
The police officer made a motion with his hand.
n
the speed at which it happens.
pace
/peɪs/
I ran the race at a slower pace than my friend.
adj
shows a thoughtful and kind behavior.
polite
/pəˈlaɪt/
The boy was very polite; he behaved very thoughtfully.
V
to have something or own it.
possess
/pəˈzes/
My uncle possesses three sheep, a chicken, a cow, and a dog.
adv
happening very fast.
rapidly
/ˈræp.ɪd.li/
The train moved rapidly on the tracks.
V
to say something.
remark
/rɪˈmɑːrk/
The teacher remarked on how quickly the students were learning.
V
to look for something.
seek
/siːk/
If I have a problem, I seek my sister’s advice.
seek / sought / sought
V
to make a bright light.
shine
/ʃaɪn/
The candles are shining in the dark room.
V
to accidentally make something fall out of its container.
spill
/spɪl/
I spilled the coffee on the table.
n
a thin, straight stick shot from a bow.
arrow
/ˈer.oʊ/
The arrow flew through the air and hit the target.
n
a fight between two armies during a war
battle
/ˈbæt̬.əl/
The battle lasted for many days.
n
a weapon made of curved wood and string that shoots arrows.
bow
/baʊ/
He went hunting with a bow and arrow.
adj
A person who is not afraid to face pain or danger.
brave
/breɪv/
The brave firefighter saved the girl from the burning building.
n
the leader of a group of people.
chief
/tʃiːf/
The chief led the people through the mountains.
n
a situation that makes it hard to do something.
disadvantage
/ˌdɪs.ədˈvæn.t̬ɪdʒ/
Mike had a disadvantage in the race since he hurt his knee.
n
a country that is fighting another country during a war.
enemy
/ˈen.ə.mi/
The enemy prepared to attack the kingdom.
n
a place where someone can enter an area.
entrance
/ˈen.trəns/
The gate was locked, so Bill had to find a different entrance.
adv
only just; almost not:
hardly
/ˈhɑːrd.li/
I hardly saw the concert since I had to leave early.
V
to plan to do something.
intend
/ɪnˈtend/
I intend to finish college in three years.
n
the sound produced by laughing about something funny.
laughter
/ˈlæf.tɚ/
Susan’s joke made her classmates burst into laughter.
n
a thick piece of wood that is cut from a tree.
log
/lɑːɡ/
The fire was too small, so we added another log to it.
n
the armed forces of a country.
military
/ˈmɪl.ə.ter.i/
I joined the military after I finished high school.
V
to follow what a law or a person says to do
obey
/oʊˈbeɪ/
My little sister did not obey my mother. Now, she is in trouble.
V
to get something after a lot of effort.
secure
/səˈkjʊr/
I was able to secure a good grade on my test after weeks of studying.
adj
happening in a smooth, gradual, and regular way, not suddenly or unexpectedly:
steady
/ˈsted.i/
The problem was hard, but she remained steady and solved it.
V
to believe that someone is honest and will do what is right.
trust
/trʌst/
I trust my friends; they don’t tell my secrets to other people.
V
to turn something around and around.
twist
/twɪst/
She twisted the spaghetti around her fork.
conj
if not or except when.
unless
/ənˈles/
Unless you clean your room, you cannot play with your friends.
n
an object used to hurt people.
weapon
/ˈwep.ən/
Swords have been used as weapons for thousands of years.
n
the front part of a body between the neck and stomach.
chest
/tʃest/
The water in the lake was as high as my chest.
n
a feeling of certainty or ability.
confidence
/ˈkɑːn.fə.dəns/
I have confidence that I did well on the test.
n
a result of a choice or action.
consequence
/ˈkɑːn.sə.kwəns/
As a consequence of missing my bus, I had to find another way to work.
n
a really bad thing that happens.
disaster
/dɪˈzæs.tɚ/
When the car crashed, it was a disaster.
V
to interrupt what someone is doing:
disturb
/dɪˈstɝːb/
The loud noise disturbed me while I was working.
V
to make a guess about something.
estimate
/ˈes.tə.meɪt/
The boy estimated that he was one meter tall.
V
to show respect for someone or something.
honor
/ˈɑː.nɚ/
Each year we honor those who died fighting for their country.
V
to make that person proud or amazed.
impress
/ɪmˈpres/
He was able to impress the girls with his new dance.
adj
thin and not wide object
narrow
/ˈner.oʊ/
The bridge is too narrow for a car to drive across it.
adj
when a color or thing is not bright.
pale
/peɪl/
The girl’s skin was very pale.
adj
not even or smooth, often because of being in bad condition
rough
/rʌf/
The rough ground hurt my feet.
V
to make someone happy.
satisfy
/ˈsæt̬.ɪs.faɪ/
It will satisfy my teacher if I finish all my homework.
V
to make a loud noise with your mouth.
scream
/skriːm/
The girl saw a spider and screamed.
adj
easily upset by the things people say or do, or causing people to be upset, embarrassed, or angry:
sensitive
/ˈsen.sə.t̬ɪv/
My teeth are sensitive to cold things.
n
a dark area that something makes when it blocks the sun.
shade
/ʃeɪd/
It was hot outside, so the boy sat in the shade of a tree.
n
the ability to do hard work or exercise.
strength
/streŋθ/
Eating good food builds up your strength.
V
something that is added to something else in order to improve it or complete it; something extra:
supplement
/ˈsʌp.lə.mənt/
He supplements his diet with fresh fruits.
n
a feeling of very strong fear.
terror
/ˈter.ɚ/
I felt a sense of terror when the tiger chased me.
n
something bad that might happen.
threat
/θret/
Due to the dark clouds, there was a threat of a bad storm.
n
a person who is hurt by a bad action.
victim
/ˈvɪk.təm/
I was a victim of a robbery.
n
a family member from the past.
ancestor
/ˈæn.ses.tɚ/
My ancestors came from Germany.
n
the direction from which something is looked at.
angle
/ˈæŋ.ɡəl/
The giraffe turned its head to see from another angle.
n
a heavy shoe that goes up above a person’s ankle.
boot
/buːt/
He wore boots so that his feet wouldn’t get wet.
n
the edge of an area.
border
/ˈbɔːr.dɚ/
The postcard had a pretty green border of pine needles.
V
to tell someone that you are happy for them.
congratulate
/kənˈɡrætʃ.ə.leɪt/
Bill and Angela congratulated each other on a job well done.
n
a border for a picture or mirror.
frame
/freɪm/
I have to get a frame for my friend’s picture.
n
the place that some believe people go to after they die so that they can enjoy perfect happiness
heaven
/ˈhev.ən/
When I die, I hope that I go to heaven.
adj
so amazing that it is hard to believe.
incredible
/ɪnˈkred.ə.bəl/
I have an incredible story to tell you about my vacation.
n
a story from the past.
legend
/ˈledʒ.ənd/
There is a well-known legend about a king and his queen.
V
to express admiration or approval of the achievements or characteristics of a person or thing
praise
/preɪz/
The coach praised the athletes after a good practice.
V
to go somewhere or to continue doing something.
proceed
/proʊˈsiːd/
My son and I proceeded to the beach so we could go fishing.
adj
very clear and beautiful.
pure
/pjʊr/
The rose was pure. It had no dirt or imperfections.
n
a family member.
relative
/ˈrel.ə.t̬ɪv/
My relatives came by to see the new baby.
adj
older or more experienced.
senior
/ˈsiː.njɚ/
Because he got his job first, Bob is the senior chef.
adj
without any sound:
silent
/ˈsaɪ.lənt/
Since no one was home, the house was silent,
V
to slowly fall into something.
sink
/sɪŋk/
The boat had a hole in it, and it sank into the ocean.
sink / sank or US also sunk / sunk
adj
better than average or better than other people or things of the same type:
superior
/səˈpɪr.i.ɚ/
I think cooking outdoors is superior to cooking indoors.
V
to close in on something from all sides.
surround
/səˈraʊnd/
We surrounded the suspect on all four sides.
adj
wide and solid.
thick
/θɪk/
The fog was so thick that I couldn’t see through it.
V
to cover something on all sides.
wrap
/ræp/
I wrapped his gift and put a bow on it.
adv
in addition to or too.
also
/ˈɑːl.soʊ/
I like blue, and I also like yellow.
adv
If a machine or device does something automatically, it does it independently, without human control:
automatically
/ˌɑː.t̬əˈmæt̬.ɪ.kəl.i/
The man automatically smiled when he thought about his friend.
adj
A … person has a lot of things to do.
busy
/ˈbɪz.i/
Everyone is busy at the office today.
aux. v.
to be able to
can
strong /kæn/ weak /kən/
Sad news can make her cry.
V
to remove everything from a place.
clear
/klɪr/
I need to clear my desk because it is too messy.
V
to shut something or cover up an opening.
close
/kloʊz/
The man wanted to close the door tightly.
V
to talk about something with another person.
discuss
/dɪˈskʌs/
James began to discuss his report with his teacher.
V
to experience something physical or emotional:
feel
/fiːl/
The girl must feel happy because it is her birthday today.
feel / felt / felt
V
to pay attention to a sound that you can hear.
listen
/ˈlɪs.ən/
Lisa wanted to listen carefully to her friend.
V
to come together so that you can talk or do something together.
meet
/miːt/
Ken’s mother wanted to meet his teacher today.
n
the sound made by singing or playing musical instruments.
music
/ˈmjuː.zɪk/
The boy makes music by playing a guitar.
adj
usual and not strange.
normal
/ˈnɔːr.məl/
It is normal to wear school uniforms in private schools.
adj
making very little noise:
quiet
/ˈkwaɪ.ət/
The man told the children to be quiet.
V
to rest or do something enjoyable.
relax
/rɪˈlæks/
Nicole likes to relax by reading books.
V
to rest your mind and body, usually at night in bed.
sleep
/sliːp/
The child goes to sleep in her bedroom at night.
n
a strong feeling of worry caused by problems in life, work, etc.
stress
/stres/
Dan has a lot of stress at work.
V
to learn something by reading, memorizing, or going to school.
study
/ˈstʌd.i/
The woman needed a quiet place to study for a big test.
V
to say words to express your thoughts, opinions, etc.
talk
/tɑːk/
They went someplace to talk to each other.
V
to do a job that you get paid for.
work
/wɝːk/
They need to work together to finish an important project.
V
to use a pen or keyboard to make letters and numbers on paper or a screen.
write
/raɪt/
I need to write a story for my homework.
n
the main part of amount of something.
basis
/ˈbeɪ.sɪs/
My grandfather gets his hearing checked on a yearly basis.
n
the study of living things.
biology
/baɪˈɑː.lə.dʒi/
We learned about the human heart in biology class.
n
something that holds an animal so it cannot leave.
cage
/keɪdʒ/
We put the parrots in their cage at night.
n
somebody you work with.
colleague
/ˈkɑː.liːɡ/
My colleague helped me finish the job.
n
a country controlled by another country.
colony
/ˈkɑː.lə.ni/
The USA was at one time a colony of Great Britain.
V
to seriously discuss something with someone.
debate
/dɪˈbeɪt/
The husband and wife debated which TV to buy.
V
to leave some place so you can go to another place.
depart
/dɪˈpɑːrt/
The plane departed for Italy at 3:00 this afternoon.
V
to make someone sad.
depress
/dɪˈpres/
The bad news from work depressed the man.
adj
using or consisting of facts:
factual
/ˈfæk.tʃu.əl/
John learns about history from factual books.
V
to make someone very interested.
fascinate
/ˈfæs.ən.eɪt/
The kitten was fascinated by the ball of yarn.
n
an important job, especially a military one, that someone is sent somewhere to do:
mission
/ˈmɪʃ.ən/
The woman’s mission was to help sick people.
adv
despite what has just been said or referred to:
nevertheless
/ˌnev.ɚ.ðəˈles/
He is usually friendly. Nevertheless, he wasn’t friendly this afternoon.
n
a person’s job.
occupation
/ˌɑː.kjəˈpeɪ.ʃən/
My father’s occupation is a dentist.
adv
… shows an action happens in another country, across an ocean.
overseas
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈsiːz/
John often goes overseas for vacations.
V
to make someone agree to do something.
persuade
/pɚˈsweɪd/
The children persuaded their parents to buy them gifts.
n
the way you go from one place to another.
route
/raʊt/
I saw many new houses along the route to the city.
n
old buildings that are not used anymore.
ruins
/ˈruː.ɪn/
I visited some interesting ruins in Greece.
n
a person who studies something and knows a lot about it.
scholar
/ˈskɑː.lɚ/
The scholar knew much about art history.
adj
important person or thing
significant
/sɪɡˈnɪf.ə.kənt/
I read many significant novels as a literature major in university.
n
a mountain with a hole on top where hot liquid comes out.
volcano
/vɑːlˈkeɪ.noʊ/
When the volcano erupted, smoke and heat filled the air.
adj
wide, not narrow
broad
/brɑːd/
The river is very long and broad.
n
a woody plant that is smaller than a tree.
bush
/bʊʃ/
My dad and I planted some small bushes around the house.
adj
able to do things effectively and skilfully, and to achieve results:
capable
/ˈkeɪ.pə.bəl/
The Olympic athlete is capable of lifting a lot of weight.
V
to be dishonest in order to win or do well.
cheat
/tʃiːt/
They cheated on the test by sharing answers.
V
to give one’s full attention to something.
concentrate
/ˈkɑːn.sən.treɪt/
I could not concentrate on my homework because the room was so loud.
V
to arrive at a logical end by looking at evidence.
conclude
/kənˈkluːd/
I saw crumbs on my dog’s face, so I concluded that he ate my cookie.
adj
being certain of your abilities or having trust in people, plans, or the future:
confident
/ˈkɑːn.fə.dənt/
She was confident she could climb the mountain due to her training.
adj
large in size, amount, or extent.
considerable
/kənˈsɪd.ɚ.ə.bəl/
They paid a considerable amount of money for that car.
V
to communicate or make ideas known.
convey
/kənˈveɪ/
That picture of a crying child conveys a feeling of sadness.
adj
certain or sure to be true.
definite
/ˈdef.ən.ət/
There is a definite connection between hard work and success.
n
a feeling of being very happy with something.
delight
/dɪˈlaɪt/
He felt such delight after getting a promotion at work.
n
the place where someone or something is going.
destination
/ˌdes.təˈneɪ.ʃən/
The destination of this plane is Munich, Germany.
n
the furthest part or side of something.
edge
/edʒ/
He ran to the edge of the cliff.
n
advice and information about how to do or use something, often written in a book or on the side of a container:
instructions
/ɪnˈstrʌk.ʃən/
Just follow the instructions and you will be OK.
n
a way from one place to another that people can walk along.
path
/pæθ/
We followed a path through the woods.
V
the act of using something, especially something bad or unpleasant, because nothing else is possible
resort (to something)
/rɪˈzɔːrt/
I hope they don’t resort to violence to end the argument.
n
the dark area that is made when something blocks light.
shadow
/ˈʃæd.oʊ/
The man’s shadow was taller than he was.
V
to complete something as planned.
succeed
/səkˈsiːd/
He will continue to work on the robot until he succeeds.
V
to believe that something might be true.
suspect
/səˈspekt/
I suspect that those kids stole the money.
n
a low area of land between two mountains or hills.
valley
/ˈvæl.i/
We looked at the valley below from the top of the mountain.
prep
next to and touching or being supported by (something):
against
/əˈɡenst/
They both leaned against the wall.
n
a sandy or rocky place by the ocean.
beach
/biːtʃ/
The little girl built a sandcastle on the beach.
V
to harm or spoil something:
damage
/ˈdæm.ɪdʒ/
The car was damaged in the accident.
V
to find something for the first time.
discover
/dɪˈskʌv.ɚ/
I discovered some new information in this book.
n
a strong feeling such as love or anger, or strong feelings in general:
emotion
/ɪˈmoʊ.ʃən/
Anger is a common emotion that we all feel.
V
to repair something / to make something work.
fix
/fɪks/
My dad has many tools to help him fix broken things.
V
to recognize somebody/something and be able to say who or what they are
identify
/aɪˈden.t̬ə.faɪ/
I used the file to identify his name.
n
a piece of land completely surrounded by water:
island
/ˈaɪ.lənd/
Japan is a group of islands.
n
all of the salt water that surrounds land.
ocean
/ˈoʊ.ʃən/
The ocean can make powerful waves.
adv
used when you say that something could happen.
perhaps
/pɚˈhæps/
Perhaps I will eat an apple for lunch.
adj
enjoyable, attractive, friendly, or easy to like:
pleasant
/ˈplez.ənt/
The character had a pleasant look on its face.
V
to stop something from happening.
prevent
/prɪˈvent/
The handcuffs prevented me from moving my hands.
n
the dry solid part of the earth’s surface, or any large piece of this that sticks up out of the ground or the sea:
rock
/rɑːk/
I stacked rocks on top of one another.
V
to keep someone or something from being hurt.
save
/seɪv/
I want to help save the world.
V
to show happiness with your mouth.
smile
/smaɪl/
The baby smiled at me.
V
to walk
step
/step/
Be careful where you step.
adv
used when you say that a situation keeps going on.
still
/stɪl/
They are still waiting in line to get tickets.
n
the flavor something makes in your mouth
taste
/teɪst/
The taste of the fruit was sweet.
V
to use your hand to make something go through the air.
throw
/θroʊ/
The pitcher can throw the baseball very fast.
throw / threw / thrown
n
a line of water that moves higher than the rest of the water.
wave
/weɪv/
The water was filled with large blue waves.
n
a person who has the legal right to belong to a particular country
citizen
/ˈsɪt̬.ə.zən/
Carlos was born in Spain. He is a Spanish citizen.
n
a group of people who run a city or town.
council
/ˈkaʊn.səl/
The council met to discuss the new laws for the city.
V
to say something officially.
declare
/dɪˈkler/
I declared my love for her.
America declared war on Japan in 1941 (= announced officially that it was at war).
adj
extremely large:
enormous
/əˈnɔːr.məs/
My dog looks enormous next to yours.
adj
amazing; very unusual, special, unexpected, or strange:
extraordinary
/ɪkˈstrɔːr.dən.er.i/
The fireman who rescued the girl was extraordinary.
n
a thick cloud that is near the ground or water.
fog
/fɑːɡ/
I did not want to drive in the thick fog.
n
a ceremony that takes place after a person dies.
funeral
/ˈfjuː.nɚ.əl/
They had a funeral for the soldier who died during the war.
adj
very big.
giant
/ˈdʒaɪ.ənt/
The giant truck got in my way.
n
the way of thinking about someone or something.
impression
/ɪmˈpreʃ.ən/
Most people’s first impression of Dr. Giani is that he is mean.
n
something that you want and plan to do:
intention
/ɪnˈten.ʃən/
Do you have good intentions?
adj
very angry or annoyed:
mad
/mæd/
Mother got mad when I didn’t listen to her.
aux
If you … to do an action, it is the right thing to do.
ought
/ôt/
I ought to take my library books back.
V
to fight against something.
resist
/rɪˈzɪst/
He resisted the treatment at the hospital.
V
to make known or show something that is surprising or that was previously secret:
reveal
/rɪˈviːl/
I will reveal where I hid the candy bar.
V
to make a place free from something or someone.
rid
/rɪd/
We rid our home of mice by using traps.
n
a long sharp weapon.
sword
/sɔːrd/
They used to use swords in battles in ancient times.
n
a story (especially one that might be invented or difficult to believe)
tale
/teɪl/
She told her two friends about the wild tale of her day.
V
to capture people or animals so they cannot get away.
trap
/træp/
We trapped butterflies in a net.
n
the way a court discovers if a person is guilty or innocent.
trial
/traɪəl/
He went on trial for robbing the bank.
adj
using force to hurt or attack:
violent
/ˈvaɪə.lənt/
The man was put into jail because he was violent.
n
the act of allowing to enter a place.
Admission
/ədˈmɪʃ.ən/
The admission ticket to the movie was $5.
N
the study of the stars and planets.
astronomy
/əˈstrɑː.nə.mi/
Harold loved looking at the stars, so he decided to study astronomy.
v
to say or think that someone or something did something wrong or is responsible for something bad happening:
blame
/bleɪm/
My mom blamed me for something I didn’t do.
n
the study of substances and reactions between them.
chemistry
/ˈkem.ə.stri/
In chemistry class, the professor taught us about chemical reactions.
prep
without taking any notice of or being influenced by; not prevented by:
despite
/dɪˈspaɪt/
We still played the game despite the cold weather.
n
a very big animal that lived millions of years ago.
dinosaur
I like to see the dinosaur bones at the museum.
V
to show something so that people can go look at it.
exhibit
/ɪɡˈzɪb.ɪt/
My painting will be exhibited at the fair.
n
a reputation one has gained among the public.
fame
/feɪm/
He had fame and fortune, but he was not happy.
n
an idea about what the weather will be like in the future.
forecast
/ˈfɔːr.kæst/
The forecast says that it will rain all week.
n
a very smart person.
genius
/ˈdʒiː.ni.əs/
Since she was a genius, she easily passed all of her school exams.
adj
kind and calm.
gentle
/ˈdʒen.t̬əl/
He is very gentle with the baby.
n
the study of the Earth, its land, weather, etc.
geography
/dʒiˈɑː.ɡrə.fi/
I had to draw a map for geography class.
V
to cause problems and keep something from happening.
interfere
/ˌɪn.t̬ɚˈfɪr/
My little sister always interferes when I’m trying to study.
adv
to not push very hard
lightly
/ˈlaɪt.li/
Draw lightly so you do not tear your paper.
n
a person in charge of a school.
principal
/ˈprɪn.sə.pəl/
My school’s principal can be very strict with the rules.
n
a line of things.
row
/roʊ/
James put all of his toy soldiers into neat rows.
n
a place on a wall where you put things.
shelf
/ʃelf/
I keep my clothes on a shelf in my closet.
n
the desire to be mean.
spite
/spaɪt/
He snuck into his sister’s room and stole her bag out of spite.
adj
really good; excellent:
super
/ˈsuː.pɚ/
My dad said I did a super job cleaning the house.
adj
covered in water or another liquid:
wet
/wet/
Since my dog was wet, he tried to shake all the water off his body.
wet / wetter/ wettest
V
to hurt someone or something on purpose.
abuse
/əˈbjuːz/
The mean man abused his dog when it barked too loudly.
V
to have enough money to pay for something.
afford
/əˈfɔːrd/
I’ve been saving my money so I can afford to buy a new bike.
V
to cook food in an oven.
bake
/beɪk/
My sister is a good cook. She bakes delicious cakes.
n
a plant seed that is good to eat.
bean
/biːn/
There are many different kinds of beans to eat.
n
a stick of wax that is lit on fire for light or heat.
candle
/ˈkæn.dəl/
When the lights went out, we lit some candles.
V
to change something into something else.
convert
/kənˈvɝːt/
The man converted his messy field into a garden of flowers.
n
an amount of money that a person owes.
debt
/det/
I have not paid my gas bill. I owe a debt to the gas company.
V
to make something less than it was before.
decrease
/dɪˈkriːs/
Hiring more police officers has decreased crime in the city.
n
responsibility for a mistake.
fault
/fɑːlt/
It is my fault that the cat ran away. I left the door open.
n
an amount of money that people have
fund
/fʌnd/
We all put money into our club’s fund.
adj
willing to give money, help, kindness, etc., especially more than is usual or expected:
generous
/ˈdʒen.ər.əs/
The generous man donated several new computers to our school.
n
something that is part of a food dish.
ingredient
/ɪnˈɡriː.di.ənt/
The main ingredients in cake are eggs, sugar, and flour.
V
to be firm in telling people what to do.
insist
/ɪnˈsɪst/
I insist that you try some of these cookies.
n
a condition that is not clean or neat.
mess
/mes/
Heather’s room was a complete mess.
n
a strong material people use to build things.
metal
/ˈmet̬.əl/
Steel is a common metal that is used to build buildings.
V
to watch and check a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it:
monitor
/ˈmɑː.nə.t̬ɚ/
The teacher monitors the students when they take tests.
V
to dislike something or act against it.
oppose
/əˈpoʊz/
I want to be a police officer because I oppose crime.
adj
not acting to influence or change a situation; allowing other people to be in control:
passive
/ˈpæs.ɪv/
Marcie is so passive that she never solves her own problems.
n
the amount or number of something, especially that can be measured:
quantity
/ˈkwɑːn.t̬ə.t̬i/
I have a small quantity of milk in my glass.
V
to take someone to court for some harmful action.
sue
/suː/
I sued the company after I slipped on a banana peel in their hallway.
ADJ
good enough; enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose:
adequate
/ˈæd.ə.kwət/
This is adequate for my needs.
N
a feeling of worry and fear.
anxiety
/æŋˈzaɪ.ə.t̬i/
When I have to climb to high places, I’m filled with anxiety.
n
a large group of people who fight in wars.
army
/ˈɑːr.mi/
The army protects all the people in the country.
n
a very large number: 1,000,000,000.
billion
/ˈbɪl.jən/
There are billions of stars in outer space.
V
to cut into something.
carve
/kɑːrv/
My father usually carves the turkey for Thanksgiving.
V
to ask someone for help.
consult
/kənˈsʌlt/
I will consult my accountant to find a way to pay my bills.
n
a time when someone needs help right away.
emergency
/ɪˈmɝː.dʒən.si/
There is a huge fire in my house! This is an emergency!
n
the things that happen but are not controlled by a person.
fortune
/ˈfɔːr.tʃuːn/
I have good fortune when I play cards.
V
to promise that something will happen or exist:
guarantee
/ˌɡer.ənˈtiː/
I will guarantee that the loan will be repaid.
adj
of or at the beginning; shows that something is first.
initial
/ɪˈnɪʃ.əl/
The initial step when writing a paper is to find a good topic.
adj
extreme and forceful or (of a feeling) very strong:
intense
/ɪnˈtens/
The skunk made an intense odor that filled the air.
V
to give something to someone for a short time.
lend
/lend/
My sister lost her pen, so I will lend her mine.
n
the very top of a mountain.
peak
/piːk/
There is snow on the peaks of those mountains.
adj
capable of being but not yet actual or real.
potential
/poʊˈten.ʃəl/
I’ve thought of some potential problems with your idea.
n
a feeling of happiness about oneself or one’s things.
pride
/praɪd/
I take pride in getting good grades.
n
a fact that shows something is real.
proof
/pruːf/
They used his fingerprint for proof that he committed the crime.
V
to stop doing something.
quit
/kwɪt/
I quit running because I got tired.
V
to turn around in circles.
spin
/spɪn/
The boy kept spinning until he fell down.
spin / span / spun
adj
very small.
tiny
/ˈtaɪ.ni/
A baby’s hand is tiny.
n
someone who gives lessons to one student.
tutor
My sister is bad at math. So my mother hired a tutor to help her.
adj
clear or easy to see.
apparent
/əˈper.ənt/
Her happiness was apparent from the smile on her face.
adj
unable to see:
blind
/blaɪnd/
The blind man didn’t see the hole and almost fell in.
V
to find an answer using math.
calculate
/ˈkæl.kjə.leɪt/
I calculated how much money I would need to buy the car.
V
to talk to someone in a friendly informal way:
chat
/tʃæt/
Even though they were far apart, the couple chatted every day.
chitchat: informal conversation about unimportant matters
V
to promise to do something.
commit
/kəˈmɪt/
Seth wanted to go home, but he had committed to finishing the job.
V
to make something from smaller parts.
compose
/kəmˈpoʊz/
Tony composed his report using many sources of information.
n
a school building where students live.
dormitory
/ˈdɔːr.mə.tɔːr.i/
I will move into the dormitory at the beginning of the school year.
V
to make someone extremely tired:
exhaust
/ɪɡˈzɑːst/
John exhausted himself by swimming all day.
n
a small glass building that is used to grow plants.
greenhouse
/ˈɡriːn.haʊs/
We have a small greenhouse in our backyard where we grow plants.
V
to intentionally not listen or give attention to:
ignore
/ɪɡˈnɔːr/
I ignored the message he was making and kept studying.
adj
clear or easy to see.
obvious
/ˈɑːb.vi.əs/
It was obvious that he was tired. He kept falling asleep.
n
a science that deals with energy and how it affects things.
physics
/ˈfɪz.ɪks/
In physics class, we used Newton’s Cradle to learn about energy.
n
a part or share of something larger:
portion
/ˈpɔːr.ʃən/
I only ate a small portion of the pizza.
V
to tell someone to remember to do something.
remind
/rɪˈmaɪnd/
Nick’s dad reminded him to do his homework.
n
someone who works in an office, writing letters, making phone calls, and arranging meetings for a person or for an organization:
secretary
/ˈsek.rə.ter.i/
Rebecca asked her secretary to type a report.
adj
very bad or serious.
severe
/səˈvɪr/
After hitting his hand with the hammer, Sam was in severe pain.
n
a natural ability to do something well.
talent
/ˈtæl.ənt/
Maria has a talent for playing the piano.
n
an idea that needs to be proved.
thesis
/ˈθiː.sɪs/
She did not support her thesis very well.
plural theses
n
a piece of clothing worn by people of the same group.
uniform
/ˈjuː.nə.fɔːrm/
All the members of our marching band wear matching uniforms.
n
the ability to see.
vision
/ˈvɪʒ.ən/
The eye doctor tested my vision.
V
to take in a liquid, gas, or chemical:
absorb
/əbˈzɔːrb/
He used a sponge to absorb the water on the floor.
n
a person in charge of other people at work.
boss
/bɑːs/
My boss is a rice person.
adj
giving money, food, or help free to those who are in need because they are ill, poor, or have no home:
charitable
/ˈtʃer.ə.t̬ə.bəl/
I give money each year to a charitable foundation.
n
a group of people who meet together to make decisions.
committee
/kəˈmɪt̬.i/
The school’s committee agreed on a new dress code for students.
n
a written agreement between two people.
contract
/ˈkɑːn.trækt/
The woman signed a contract when she bought the house.
n
a group of workers.
crew
/kruː/
My father has a crew that helps him build houses.
V
to give all of something, especially your time, effort, or love, or yourself, to something you believe in or to a person:
devote (sth to sth/sb)
/dɪˈvoʊt/
She devotes two hours a day to playing the piano.
V
to make a hole in the ground.
dig
/dɪɡ/
My dog digs in the yard so he can hide his bones.
V
to eat dinner.
dine
/daɪn/
The young couple dined at their home.
V
to give something to a charity or organization.
donate
/ˈdoʊ.neɪt/
We donate money to charities every year.
adj
twice as much or twice as many.
double
/ˈdʌb.əl/
I paid almost double the amount for that shirt.
n
the taste of food or drinks.
flavor
/ˈfleɪ.vɚ/
The flavor of the ice cream was very good.
n
a group that provides money for research.
foundation
/faʊnˈdeɪ.ʃən/
The foundation raised money to give scholarships to students.
n
a group of people who live at the same time.
generation
/ˌdʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
My grandparents are from a different generation than me.
n
the part of an object people hold while using it.
handle
/ˈhæn.dəl/
The pot is very hot, so pick it up by the handle.
n
a level of material, such as a type of rock or gas, that is different from the material above or below it, or a thin sheet of a substance:
layer
/ˈleɪ.ɚ/
There was a layer of snow on the tops of the houses this morning.
n
soft, wet dirt.
mud
/mʌd/
My brother played rugby in the mud. Now, he’s dirty.
adj
no bumps or rough parts
smooth
/smuːð/
The baby’s skin felt very smooth.
n
the top layer of and on the Earth.
soil
/sɔɪl/
The boy planted flowers in the soil and watered them every day.
adj
being the only existing one of its type or, more generally, unusual, or special in some way:
unique
/juːˈniːk/
Her dog is unique. I’ve never seen one quite like it.
n
A place of general education in the arts and sciences; an institution for the study of higher learning
academy
/əˈkæd.ə.mi/
There are many courses taught at the academy that I go to.
(academia: the name of the public garden where Plato taught his school)
adj
very old.
ancient
/ˈeɪn.ʃənt/
I want to see the ancient buildings in Rome.
n
a flat piece of wood.
board
/bɔːrd/
The sign was made of a few wooden boards.
n
one hundred years.
century
/ˈsen.tʃər.i/
Our company is celebrating a century of business in London.
n
a fact or object that helps solve a mystery or crime.
clue
/kluː/
The detective found some clues on the sidewalk.
n
an event where you listen to people play music
concert
/ˈkɑːn.sɚt/
I enjoyed the concert last night. The band was very good.
n
the largest division of a state in a country.
county
/ˈkaʊn.t̬i/
He wanted to represent the citizens of his county.
شهرستان
n
a book that tells you what words mean.
dictionary
/ˈdɪk.ʃən.er.i/
I use the dictionary to learn new words.
V
to be real.
exist
/ɪɡˈzɪst/
Do you really think that unicorns ever existed?
adj
level and smooth with no curved parts
flat
/flæt/
My parents bought a new flat-screen TV on the weekend.
n
a polite way of talking to or referring to a man:
gentleman
/ˈdʒen.t̬əl.mən/
My grandfather is a kind and helpful gentleman.
adj
not easily noticed or too hard to find.
hidden
/ˈhɪd.ən/
The hidden camera recorded everything in the parking lot.
adv
used to show that something is possible or may be true.
maybe
/ˈmeɪ.bi/
If I focus hard enough, maybe I can come up with the right answer.
n
a leader in the army.
officer
/ˈɑː.fɪ.sɚ/
The soldiers followed the orders of the officer.
adj
existing since the beginning, or being the earliest form of something:
original
/əˈrɪdʒ.ən.əl/
This is the original painting of the Mona Lisa.
V
to hit something many times with a lot of force.
pound
/paʊnd/
He pounded the nail with the hammer.
n
the steps to take to do something
process
/ˈprɑː.ses/
Making a cake is a long process.
V
to make information available to people, especially in a book, magazine, or newspaper, or to produce and sell a book, magazine, or newspaper:
publish
/ˈpʌb.lɪʃ/
That company publishes daily newspapers.
n
a building where you watch plays, shows, and movies.
theater
/ˈθiː.ə.t̬ɚ/
We went to the theater to see a play.
n
the total of one’s possessions (money land, etc)
wealth
/welθ/
One of the most important things for some people is wealth.
n
a goal someone wants to make happen.
aim
/eɪm/
My aim is to become a helicopter pilot.
V
to put two things together.
attach
/əˈtætʃ/
I attached the socks to the clothesline to dry.
V
to risk money on the result of a game or a business.
bet
/bet/
How much will you bet that your horse will win?
bet - bet - bet
n
a vehicle pulled by a horse.
carriage
/ˈker.ɪdʒ/
We took a carriage ride in the park.
adj
having a simple, traditional style that is always fashionable:
classic
/ˈklæs.ɪk/
The athlete made a classic mistake-he started running too soon.
V
to travel a long distance to get to work.
commute
/kəˈmjuːt/
I usually commute to work on the train.
V
to make sure something is correct.
confirm
/kənˈfɝːm/
Winning the game confirmed that James was a good player.
V
to say bad things about someone or something.
criticize
/ˈkrɪt̬.ɪ.saɪz/
He criticized his wife for spending too much money.
V
to not be the same as another person or thing.
differ
/ˈdɪf.ɚ/
I differ from my brother: he is short, while I am tall.
n
the money that people spend on something.
expense
/ɪkˈspens/
She wrote down all the expenses for her trip.
adj
official or serious.
formal
/ˈfɔːr.məl/
It was a formal dinner, so we wore our best clothes.
n
how tall someone or something is.
height
/haɪt/
My height is 168 centimeters.
V
to create something that never existed before.
invent
/ɪnˈvent/
My grandfather has invented some Interesting things.
adj
younger or less experienced person
junior
/ˈdʒuː.njɚ/
When she started at the company, she was only a junior manager.
n
the act of doing or making something.
labor
/ˈleɪ.bɚ/
Building the house took a lot of labor.
n
someone who fixes vehicles or machines.
mechanic
/məˈkæn.ɪk/
We took the car to the mechanic to be fixed.
adj
the most important one.
prime
/praɪm/
Dirty air is a prime cause of illness.
V
to move into a different place or direction.
shift
/ʃɪft/
He shifted to the other side of the table to eat his breakfast.
n
a sound or action that tells someone to do something.
signal
/ˈsɪɡ.nəl/
The coach blew his whistle as a signal to begin the game.
adj
honest, especially about emotions or opinions.
sincere
/sɪnˈsɪr/
He sounded sincere when he apologized to me.
n
the quality of a person being able to do something well.
ability
/əˈbɪl.ə.t̬i/
His swimming abilities let him cross the entire lake.
n
the growing of plants and raising of animals for food.
agriculture
/ˈæɡ.rə.kʌl.tʃɚ/
The farmer studied agriculture in college.
n
a funny drawing.
cartoon
/kɑːrˈtuːn/
Sometimes, people draw cartoons for the newspaper.
n
the top of a room.
ceiling
/ˈsiː.lɪŋ/
He painted the ceiling with a special roller.
V
to make a person sure of something.
convince
/kənˈvɪns/
She convinced me to buy the house.
adj
interested in learning about people or things around you:
curious
/ˈkjʊr.i.əs/
I opened up the clock because I was curious about how it worked.
V
to wait to do something
delay
/dɪˈleɪ/
I was delayed at the airport for over two hours.
n
a book in which people write their personal experiences.
diary
/ˈdaɪr.i/
I do not let anybody read my diary.
n
a particular part of something.
element
/ˈel.ə.mənt/
Tackling an opponent is Johnny’s favorite element of American football.
n
great trust or confidence in something or someone:
faith
/feɪθ/
The sick girl had faith in doctors. She knew they would make her better.
n
a food crop such as wheat, corn, rice, or oats.
grain
/ɡreɪn/
The farmer planted two fields of grain this year.
V
to welcome someone with particular words or a particular action, or to react to something in the stated way:
greet
/ɡriːt/
When my friend came over, I greeted him at the door.
V
to search for something or learn about it.
investigate
/ɪnˈves.tə.ɡeɪt/
The detective went to investigate the crime.
n
a feeling of great happiness.
joy
/dʒɔɪ/
I love baseball and I feel joy when I play.
n
a tag that tells about something.
label
/ˈleɪ.bəl/
The label on the back of your shirt will tell you what size it is.
n
a religious person who lives a simple life.
monk
/mʌŋk/
The monks knew a lot about religion.
adj
unusual; strange or unexpected:
unusual.
odd
/ɑːd/
Her cat is odd. It walks on two feet.
V
to stop doing something for a while.
pause
/pɑːz/
Since she was so hungry, she paused to make a snack.
n
a person trained to perform religious duties.
priest
/priːst/
The priest taught us about God.
n
a person’s job.
profession
/prəˈfeʃ.ən/
He loved sailing, so he chose to work on ships as a profession.
n
a round object that is thrown, kicked, or hit in a game or sport.
ball
/bɑːl/
Seth bought a new soccer ball.
n
the lowest part, point, or level of something.
bottom
/ˈbɑː.t̬əm/
Sarah is so tall that her feet can touch the bottom of the swimming pool.
n
a business or organization that makes or sells goods or services.
company
/ˈkʌm.pə.ni/
I want to work for a small software company.
V
to take liquid into the body through the mouth.
drink
/drɪŋk/
The woman likes to drink water after she exercises.
determiner, pronoun
some, or a small number of something:
few
/fjuː/
I have only a few coins.
n
a row of people or things.
line
/laɪn/
This is the longest line I have ever seen.
n
an animal such as a cat or dog that people keep and care for.
pet
/pet/
Tyler likes to spend time with his pet dog.
n
something grown or made in a factory in order to be sold.
product
/ˈprɑː.dʌkt/
There’s no room for even one more product in Melissa’s bag.
adj
in charge of someone or something.
responsible
/rɪˈspɑːn.sə.bəl/
Peter is responsible for leading his cepartment.
V
to give something to someone in exchange for money.
sell
/sel/
This man’s job is to sell houses.
n
a reptile with a long body and no legs:
snake
/sneɪk/
Be careful of the snake in the tree.
2nd meaning (VERB): to move along a route that includes a lot of twists or bends: The river snakes through some of the most spectacular countryside in France.
V
to use the legs and feet to hold the body upright
stand
/stænd/
Allan prefers to stand and work at his desk.
stand / stood / stood
adj
unusual or surprising.
strange
/streɪndʒ/
They are wearing strange masks.
n
a drink made by pouring boiling water onto dried leaves
tea
/tiː/
Many people drink green tea because it has many health benefits.
V
to examine something to see if its quality is good.
test
/test/
His job is to test the electricity to make sure it works correctly.
n - anatomy
the movable muscle inside the mouth that is used to speak, eat, and drink.
tongue
/tʌŋ/
The cat uses its tongue to drink water.
prep
refers to two or more people or things.
they
/ðeɪ/
They are playing a fun game.
n
a particular kind or group of things or people.
type
/taɪp/
Tulips are a type of flower.
adv
(used to add emphasis to an adjective or adverb) to a great degree or extremely:
very
/ˈver.i/
An elephant is a very big animal.
V
to stay in a place until an expected event happens.
wait
/weɪt/
She has to wait for the airplane to arrive.
V
to finish something.
accomplish
/əˈkɑːm.plɪʃ/
He accomplished his goal of running ten miles.
V
to have a positive opinion of someone or something:
approve
/əˈpruːv/
Her co-workers approved her new plan.
adj
close to an exact amount, number, or time.
approximate
/əˈprɑːk.sə.mət/
My approximate height is two meters.
n
something that blocks a path or way.
barrier
/ˈber.i.ɚ/
The Great Wall was a barrier between China and its enemies.
V
to notice or find something.
detect
The boy ran to the kitchen when he detected the smell of cookies.
n
something that you have to do because it is part of your job, or something that you feel is the right thing to do:
duty
/ˈduː.t̬i/
It is parents’ duty to take care of their children.
adj
the first or most simple thing.
elementary
/ˌel.əˈmen.t̬ɚ.i/
Children go to elementary school before high school.
n
It happens when something is not done right.
failure
/ˈfeɪ.ljɚ/
My cooking ended in failure because I burned the food.
adj
something happens slowly.
gradual
/ˈɡrædʒ.u.əl/
Children learn to read at a gradual pace. They do not learn right away.
n
a person who moves to a different country.
immigrant
/ˈɪm.ə.ɡrənt/
My parents were immigrants. They came from Poland.
V
to put something inside something else:
insert
/ɪnˈsɝːt/
He inserted an extra sentence into the story./
Insert the key in/into the lock.
n
a very short amount of time.
instant
/ˈɪn.stənt/
A microwave oven cooks food in an instant.
n
the state of being poor.
poverty
/ˈpɑː.vɚ.t̬i/
Poverty is a problem in many countries around the world.
V
to behave as if something is true when you know that it is not, especially in order to deceive people or as a game:
pretend
/prɪˈtend/
The boy liked to pretend he was a king.
n
a position in an organization, such as the army, showing the importance of the person having it:
rank
/ræŋk/
The man got to the rank of captain in the navy.
n
the act of getting praise from other people.
recognition
/ˌrek.əɡˈnɪʃ.ən/
The hero got recognition for his brave deed.
V
to make something cold.
refrigerate
/rɪˈfrɪdʒ.ə.reɪt/
Supermarkets refrigerate fruit to make it last long.
n
the money people pay to live in a certain place.
rent
/rent/
To live in this house, I have to pay rent at the start of each month.
V
to leave a job, usually because of old age.
retire
/rɪˈtaɪr/
My father is sixty-five years old. He is about to retire from work.
n
a number that tells a fact about something.
statistic
/stəˈtɪs.tɪk/
The statistics showed that we did just as well this year as last year.
n
unexpected, and may cause some trouble.
accident
/ˈæk.sə.dənt/
He damaged the car in an accident.
n
a person who goes into outer space.
astronaut
/ˈæs.trə.nɑːt/
The astronaut was walking on the moon.
adj
not asleep.
awake
/əˈweɪk/
Sometimes, I lay awake in bed because I am not tired.
n
the feeling of not being afraid.
courage
/ˈkɝː.ɪdʒ/
The man had the courage to touch the lion.
V
to move on top of water without sinking.
float
/floʊt/
The boy’s toy boat floated in the pool.
V
to allow someone to have something.
grant
/ɡrænt/
The teacher granted us a break after studying hard all day.
n
the force that makes things fall to Earth.
n
a beautiful stone that is worth a lot of money.
jewel
/ˈdʒuː.əl/
A diamond is one of the most expensive jewels in the world.
n
a person who works in a mine.
miner
/ˈmaɪ.nɚ/
The miner was looking for gold.
n
a type of substance found in the Earth.
mineral
/ˈmɪn.ər.əl/
Rocks are made up of different kinds of minerals.
V
to be active and do something.
participate
/pɑːrˈtɪs.ə.peɪt/
The students participated in the school play.
n
the act of allowing some action.
permission
/pɚˈmɪʃ.ən/
I have permission to drive my mom’s car.
V
to make a liquid come out of a container.
pour
/pɔːr/
I poured some milk into my sister’s cup.
adj
natural material and has not been processed.
raw
/rɑː/
The company dumped raw sewage into the river.
n
a machine sent into space to get information.
satellite
/ˈsæt̬.əl.aɪt/
The satellite was traveling around the Earth.
n
a set of numbers, amounts, etc., used to measure or compare the level of something:
scale
/skeɪl/
I was surprised by the scale of the buildings in the downtown area.
V
to not do or not have something that you usually do or that you should do; to avoid:
skip
/skɪp/
He skipped work to get more sleep.
V
to make your arms or legs reach out.
stretch
/stretʃ/
She stretched her body before exercising.
a tool people use to look at the stars.
telescope
/ˈtel.ə.skoʊp/
With a telescope, you can see the moon and stars easily.
adv
An action which happens below the surface of the Earth.
underground
/ˈʌn.dɚ.ɡraʊnd/
Subway trains travel underground.
n
something that warns people of danger.
alarm
/əˈlɑːrm/
When the students heard the fire alarm, they left the building.
V
to catch someone for doing something bad.
arrest
/əˈrest/
The man was arrested for breaking the law.
n
a prize for doing something well.
award
/əˈwɔːrd/
He got an award for having the best grades in class.
n
a group of animals within a species.
breed
/briːd/
I like small dog breeds, such as terriers.
breed / bred / bred
n
a round container to put things in.
bucket
/ˈbʌk.ɪt/
I filled the bucket with water.
n
a game or a race.
contest
/ˈkɑːn.test/
The girls had a contest to see who could jump higher.
V
to prove that someone did a bad thing.
convict
/kənˈvɪkt/
He was convicted of the crime and sent to jail.
n
an event that is held to celebrate a particular thing.
festival
/ˈfes.tə.vəl/
I heard the song at the music festival in London.
n
the part of a house where people put their cars.
garage
/ɡəˈrɑːʒ/
My car does not get dirty because I keep it in the garage.
n
a person who writes news stories.
journalist
/ˈdʒɝː.nə.lɪst/
The journalist took notes for a story he was writing.
n
a young dog.
pup
/pʌp/
All the girl wanted for her birthday was a pup.
V
to have or do things that are needed for something.
qualify
/ˈkwɑː.lə.faɪ/
He qualified to go to the final match by beating the opponent
V
to fix something
repair
/rɪˈper/
I repaired the flat tire on my car.
V
to start something again after taking a break.
resume
/rɪˈzuːm/
I put the newspaper down to eat breakfast. Then, I resumed reading.
V
to take property by using force.
rob
/rɑːb/
A thief has robbed me of my passport.
V
to slide and fall down.
slip
/slɪp/
The man slipped on the wet floor.
V
to some degree, but not to a large degree.
somewhat
/ˈsʌm.wɑːt/
James was somewhat upset when he had to move heavy boxes.
adj
firmly fixed or not likely to move or change:
stable
/ˈsteɪ.bəl/
The chair is stable. Its legs are strong.
n
a soft piece of paper people use to wipe their noses.
tissue
/ˈtɪs.juː/
There was a box of tissue on the table.
n
the ground just outside of a house.
yard
/jɑːrd/
The girls jumped rope in the yard.
adj
better than all the others.
best
/best/
I got the best score on the math test.
n
a small piece of plastic or paper used to buy or use things.
card
/kɑːrd/
Adam used his library card to borrow a book.
n
a large group of people who are together in one place.
crowd
/kraʊd/
The crowd waved to the camera.
n
a period of twenty-four hours, beginning at midnight.
day
/deɪ/
There are two more days until the weekend.
n
a type of food that is cooked in a particular way.
dish
/dɪʃ/
My favorite dish at the restaurant is chicken curry.
adj
needing little effort; not difficult to do.
easy
/ˈiː.zi/
Karen is happy because her English homework is easy.
V
to do or see something or have something happen to you
experience
/ɪkˈspɪr.i.əns/
Going to the concert was the best thing I’ve ever experienced.
n
a place where people stay overnight when they are traveling.
hotel
/hoʊˈtel/
This family is staying at their favorite hotel.
n
sixty minutes
hour
/aʊr/
The man waited for the train for over an hour.
n
a form of energy or brightness that makes it possible to see something.
light
/laɪt/
I will turn on the light so that you can see.
n
a place where people buy and sell products or food.
market
/ˈmɑːr.kɪt/
I go to the market every weekend to buy vegetables.
V
to think about and arrange the details of something you want to do.
plan
/plæn/
It’s Sam’s turn to plan the company party.
n
the amount of money needed to pay for something.
price
/praɪs/
Julie is checking the price of a sweater.
adj
not long or not tall.
short
/ʃɔːrt/
The days are short in the winter.
V
to visit places where goods are sold in order to look at and buy things.
shop
/ʃɑːp/
Tom decided to shop for groceries on his way home.
n
a place where buses and trains stop for passengers.
station
/ˈsteɪ.ʃən/
This man is waiting at the train station.
V
to cause something that is unexpected.
surprise
/sɚˈpraɪz/
His parents decided to surprise him with a puppy.
n
a group of related parts that move or work together.
system
/ˈsɪs.təm/
This device controls the building’s heating system.
n
a car and driver that you pay to take you somewhere.
taxi
/ˈtæk.si/
Gary drives a taxi, so he knows the roads very well.
n
the word for the number 2
two
/tuː/
Two friends study together at the coffee shop.
n
the act of sitting in a tub of water in order to get clean.
bath
/bæθ/
After playing in the dirt, the boy took a bath.
V
to move something so it is not straight.
bend
/bend/
Lee bent over and picked up the paper on the ground.
V
to break up food by using the mouth and teeth.
chew
/tʃuː/
I always chew my food carefully before swallowing it.
adj
a physical problem that makes some activities difficult.
disabled
/dɪˈseɪ.bəld/
The disabled man used a wheelchair to move around.
adj
extremely good:
fantastic
/fænˈtæs.tɪk/
The student did a fantastic job on his project and got an award.
n
a story that is not true.
fiction
/ˈfɪk.ʃən/
I enjoy reading works of fiction because they are very entertaining
n
a piece of colored cloth that represents something.
flag
/flæɡ/
Our country has a beautiful flag.
V
to look at something carefully.
inspect
/ɪnˈspekt/
The mechanic inspected our car to see if it had any problems.
n
a type of magazine that deals with an academic subject.
journal
/ˈdʒɝː.nəl/
Mi-young was busy working on an article for an art journal.
n
a substance that is neither solid nor gas.
liquid
/ˈlɪk.wɪd/
Water is the most important liquid for life.
V
to feel surprise and interest in something.
marvel
/ˈmɑːr.vəl/
We marveled at her excellent piano playing.
n
to successfully fix a problem.
overcome
/ˌoʊ.vɚˈkʌm/
She overcame her shyness and spoke in front of the class.
V
to remember something.
recall
/ˈriː.kɑːl/
She was trying to recall what she had told her friend.
V
to wish that something hadn’t happened.
regret
/rɪˈɡret/
I regret that I was mean to my sister.
n
a person’s spirit.
soul
/soʊl/
Some people believe that the soul lives after the body dies.
adj
something is enough, in quality or quantity.
sufficient
/səˈfɪʃ.ənt/
After eating a sufficient amount of food, I left the table.
n
medical treatment involving a doctor cutting into a body.
surgery
/ˈsɝː.dʒər.i/
I needed surgery to repair my leg after the accident.
adj
difficult to do or to deal with:
tough
/tʌf/
The man passed his driving test even though it was very tough.
n
a pipe through which water or air passes.
tube
/tuːb/
The pile of tubes was going to be put in the ground.
n
what something is worth.
value
/ˈvæl.juː/
Your love for me has greater value than gold.
n
the smallest unit of a substance.
atom
/ˈæt̬.əm/
A molecule consists of a combination of two or more atoms.
adj
good to look at; very attractive
beautiful
/ˈbjuː.t̬ə.fəl/
There was a beautiful sunset
n
the distance from one side to the other side of something.
breadth
/bredθ/
The breadth of the northern wall of the house is twenty meters.
n
an object in space made of ice and rock with a tail of glowing dust.
comet
/ˈkɑː.mɪt/
Comets take many decades to complete an orbit around a star.
V
to put things over something.
cover
/ˈkʌv.ɚ/
The Earth was covered with clouds.
n
the feeling of having no hope.
despair
/dɪˈsper/
After we lost the big account, our salespeople were filled with despair.
V
to make or to shape something.
form
/fɔːrm/
They formed a new government.
n
a small part of something
fragment
/ˈfræɡ.mənt/
After the light broke, there were fragments of glass to clean up.
n
an extremely large collection of star systems.
galaxy
/ˈɡæl.ək.si/
Our solar system is located in the outer area of our galaxy.
(The term “galaxy” comes from the Greek word “galaxias”, meaning “milky”. This is a reference to the Milky Way galaxy.)
n
a state of almost complete darkness or sadness.
gloom
/ɡluːm/
In the gloom of the morning, it was difficult to see the boat on the lake.
adj
very big; big in size or amount:
large
/lɑːrdʒ/
I was frightened by a large bird.
n
an object that travels around our Earth.
moon
/muːn/
The moon looks beautiful tonight.
V
to send out energy or heat.
radiate
/ˈreɪ.di.eɪt/
The heat from the fireplace radiated throughout the room.
V
to move around without a plan or purpose.
roam
/roʊm/
All day, the cows roamed around the field eating grass.
adj
lonely or the only one.
solitary
/ˈsɑː.lə.ter.i/
The only thing in the room was a solitary chair.
n
the full range of color ranging from red to violet.
spectrum
/ˈspek.trəm/
You can see the entire spectrum in a rainbow.
n
a three-dimensional round shape, like a ball.
sphere
/sfɪr/
The balloons were inflated into a variety of colorful spheres.
n
a bright shining thing in the night sky.
star
/stɑːr/
The stars come out at night.
(The Proto-Germanic word “sternan-” is derived from the Proto-Indo-European root “ster-” which means “star”)
n
the position of something or someone in relation to others.
status
/ˈsteɪ.t̬əs/
She had achieved the status of being the smartest girl in the class.
adj
not good to look at.
ugly
/ˈʌɡ.li/
It was an ugly sight.
V
to blame someone for doing something
accuse
/əˈkjuːz/
She accused her brother of breaking her computer.
V
to change something so it is better.
adjust
/əˈdʒʌst/
He adjusted the old guitar to make it sound better.
V
to do something that is funny or entertaining.
amuse
/əˈmjuːz/
The singer was very good. She amused the crowd.
n
the hard, colorful material formed by the shells of animals.
coral
/ˈkɔːr.əl/
The diver admired the beautiful coral under the water.
n
a cloth made from the fibers of the cotton plant.
cotton
/ˈkɑː.t̬ən/
I like to wear clothes made from cotton in the summer.
V
to hit and break something.
crash
/kræʃ/
There was a loud noise when the car crashed into the tree.
n
a wooden floor built outside of a house or the floor of a ship.
deck
/dek/
A ship will store many supplies below its deck.
V
to become involved, or have contact, with someone or something:
engage
/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/
Dad was engaged in sawing a piece of wood in half.
adj
solid but not too hard.
firm
/fɝːm/
He sleeps better on a firm bed.
n
a substance that is used to provide heat or power, usually by being burned:
fuel
/ˈfjuː.əl/
Wood is the fuel that burns to make heat in this fire.
adj
big and liked by people.
grand
/ɡrænd/
The grand mountain rose high into the sky.
n
a bad storm that happens over the ocean.
hurricane
/ˈhɝː.ɪ.keɪn/
The wind from the hurricane bent the palm tree.
n
the act or instance of losing something.
loss
/lɑːs/
I suffered a big loss while I was gambling.
adj
simple and not decorated.
plain
/pleɪn/
He bought a pair of plain white shoes over the weekend.
n
a group of rocks or coral in the ocean.
reef
/riːf/
He walked along the reef and looked at the water below.
V
to close something tightly.
shut
/ʃʌt/
Please shut the door; the air outside is cold.
adj
A …. person makes sure others follow rules.
strict
/strɪkt/
The teacher is strict. She does not let students talk in class.
V
to use a special board to ride on waves in the ocean.
surf
/sɝːf/
The students went to the beach to surf during their vacation.
n
a piece of work to be done that is usually difficult.
task
/tæsk/
My task for the weekend was to clean the entire back yard.
n
an area tht has different qualities from the ones around it
zone
/zoʊn/
Firefighters often work in danger zone.
n
what people say to show that they are sorry.
apology
/əˈpɑː.lə.dʒi/
After arguing with her teacher, the girl wrote the teacher an apology.
adj
not frightened of danger:
bold
/boʊld/
The bold man climbed the high mountain.
(bald: with little or no hair on the head)
n
a small insect.
bug
/bʌɡ/
Birds like eating bugs.
(2nd meaning: a mistake or problem in a computer program: A bug caused the company’s computer system to crash)
V
to catch and hold something.
capture
/ˈkæp.tʃɚ/
James tried to capture the bubbles in his hands.
n
a man of high social rank but below a king or queen.
duke
/duːk/
The duke ruled over the land.
V
to make known something that is hidden.
expose
/ɪkˈspoʊz/
He took off his shirt to expose his costume.
adj
… people feel bad for something they did
guilty
/ˈɡɪl.ti/
I felt guilty for taking my sister’s cookies.
V
to pay someone money to work for you.
hire
/haɪr/
We hired a man to paint our house.
adj
not guilty of a crime.
innocent
/ˈɪn.ə.sənt/
The judge said that the woman was innocent of the crime.
n
a system of communication consisting of sounds, words, and grammar:
language
/ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪdʒ/
The reporter spoke a language Sally had never heard before.
n
an important person in government who is in charge of a particular department or has an important position in it:
minister
/ˈmɪn.ə.stɚ/
The minister of education controls the country’s schools.
adj
normal, or not special in any way.
ordinary
/ˈɔːr.dən.er.i/
Today was just an ordinary day. Nothing unusual happened.
adj
lasting for a long time or for ever:
permanent
/ˈpɝː.mə.nənt/
We don’t know if Aunt Mildred’s visit will be a permanent one.
V
to protect something from harm.
preserve
/prɪˈzɝːv/
Dad sprayed a chemical on the house to help preserve the walls.
V
to say the sounds of letters or words.
pronounce
/prəˈnaʊns/
Young children often have trouble pronouncing words right.
V
to look like someone
resemble
/rɪˈzem.bəl/
The baby really resembles his father.
n
a bad condition or illness is a sign that it is happening.
symptom
/ˈsɪmp.təm/
Sneezing and a high fever are symptoms of the common cold.
n
a plant whose leaves are smoked, such as in cigarettes.
tobacco
/təˈbæk.oʊ/
The tobacco in cigarettes is bad for you.
n
two children born at the same time.
twin
/twɪn/
My sister and I are twins. We look exactly the same.
n
a woman with magical powers.
witch
/wɪtʃ/
People think that witches fly around on broomsticks.
V
to join other people or to go with them
accompany
/əˈkʌm.pə.ni/
My brothers accompanied me to go to the movies.
adj
plain and not covered.
bare
/ber/
He likes to walk around in his bare feet.
n
the part of a tree with leaves.
branch
/bræntʃ/
The monkey was hanging from a branch on the tree.
n
the air that goes into and out of one’s lungs.
breath
/breθ/
You can’t take a breath under water.
n
something that is built over a river so people can cross it.
bridge
/breθ/
The old bridge fell into the river.
V
to throw something.
cast
/kæst/
The fisherman cast his line into the water.
cast / cast / cast
V
to be brave enough to try something.
dare
/der/
He dared to jump out of the airplane and skydive.
adj
useing electricity to work.
electronic
/iˌlekˈtrɑː.nɪk/
I like having electronic devices such as an MP3 player.
n
a place where travelers can rest and eat.
Inn
/ɪn/
The visitor got a room at the inn.
n
a bag made of strong thread. It is used to catch animals.
net
/net/
The boy caught butterflies in his net.
n
a way to think about truth and life.
philosophy
/fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/
My philosophy is “live and let live.”
n
a deep, round metal container used for cooking.
pot
/pɑːt/
Don’t touch the pot on the stove. It’s hot.
n
the hard part of a plant or fruit that trees grow from.
seed
/siːd/
I planted the seed in the dirt, hoping that it would grow into a tree.
adj
having a thin edge or point that can cut something or make a hole in something:
sharp
/ʃɑːrp/
That knife is very sharp. Be careful not to hurt yourself.
n
a type of something.
sort
/sɔːrt/
What sort of instrument do you want to learn to play?
V
to take something away.
subtract
/səbˈtrækt/
We learned how to subtract numbers in class.
adj
hard to move because it is firmly in place.
tight
/taɪt/
The knots were too tight to untie.
adj
very close to being true or accurate.
virtual
/ˈvɝː.tʃu.əl/
Because he’s popular, Joe is the virtual leader of the group.
V
to measure how heavy something is.
weigh
/weɪ/
The little dog weighed exactly 3 kilograms.
V
to say very quietly.
whisper
/ˈwɪs.pɚ/
We have to whisper in the library so people can focus on reading.
adj
an idea or thought, not a physical thing.
abstract
/ˈæb.strækt/
The idea of beauty is abstract and changes over time.
adj
An event which happens once a year.
annual
/ˈæn.ju.əl/
The only time I see my aunts and uncles is at our annual family picnic.
n
a type of heavy, wet soil used to make pots.
clay
/kleɪ/
She made a bowl out of the clay.
n
material used to make clothes.
cloth
/klɑːθ/
His shirt is made of a very soft type of cloth.
n
a cloth hung over a window or used to divide a room.
curtain
She opened the curtains to let light into the room.
V
to be worthy of something as a result of one’s actions.
deserve
/dɪˈzɝːv/
The dog deserved a bone for behaving very well.
n
the things covering a bird’s bodies.
feather
/ˈfeð.ɚ/
That bird has orange feathers on its chest.
adj
“… land” is able to produce good crops and plants.
fertile
/ˈfɝː.t̬əl/
The farmer grew many vegetables in the fertile soil.
n
an event in which water covers an area that is usually dry.
flood
/ˈfɝː.t̬əl/
After three days of rain, there was a flood in the city.
n
the things used in a house such as tables and chairs.
furniture
/ˈfɝː.nɪ.tʃɚ/
His living room only had a few simple pieces of furniture.
n
the place where a dead person is buried.
grave
/ɡreɪv/
We visit our grandfather’s grave each year.
adj
the best that it can possibly be.
ideal
/aɪˈdiː.əl/
This house is an ideal place for my family. It has everything we need.
n
the ability to learn and understand things.
intelligence
/ɪnˈtel.ə.dʒəns/
Because of his high intelligence, he finished school early.
V
to get something you want or need.
obtain
/əbˈteɪn/
After I passed the test, I obtained my driver’s license.
adj
related to or about religion.
religious
/rɪˈlɪdʒ.əs/
The holy man spoke about religious topics.
adj
related to or about love.
romantic
/roʊˈmæn.t̬ɪk/
The young couple went to see a romantic movie.
n
a hard covering that protects the body of some sea creatures.
shell
/ʃel/
There were many pretty shells on the beach.
n
the edge of a large body of water.
shore
/ʃɔːr/
All of the boats were floating near the shore.
n
a round thing on a vehicle that turns when it moves.
wheel
/wiːl/
A car has four wheels.
adj
made of wood
wooden
/ˈwʊd.ən/
My mother gave me a wooden spoon.
n
a piece of equipment used for jobs in the home.
appliance
/əˈplaɪ.əns/
Many homes have appliances like ovens, toasters, and refrigerators.
n
large bowl for washing things.
basin
/ˈbeɪ.sən/
A sink is sometimes called a basin. She filled the basin with water and washed her face.
n
a brush with a long handle used for cleaning floors.
broom
/brʊm/
My father usually uses a broom to sweep away dust in the basement.
n
a small, long animal with many legs that feeds on the leaves of plants, and develops into a butterfly or moth
caterpillar
/ˈkæt̬.ɚ.pɪl.ɚ/
After eating a lot of leaves, caterpillars change into butterflies.
n
a piece of furniture that is used to store food or household items.
cupboard
/ˈkʌb.ɚd/
We put all of our dishes and food in the cupboards.
adj
easy to break or harm.
delicate
/ˈdel.ə.kət/
You should hold the baby carefully because she’s very delicate.
V
to appear by coming out of something or out from behind something:
emerge
/ɪˈmɝːdʒ/
A groundhog emerged from a snow covered hole.
n
a condition that limits someone’s mental or physical abilities.
handicap
/ˈhæn.dɪ.kæp
Joe has a slight handicap, so he uses a walker to get around.
n
a hollow space in something solid.
hole
/hoʊl/
They made a big hole in the wall.
n
a sharp curved piece of metal used for catching or holding things.
hook
/hʊk/
The fish went after the sharp hook.
V
to jump a short distance.
hop
/hɑːp/
The kangaroo quickly hopped away from danger.
n
clothes that have been or need to be washed.
laundry
/ˈlɑːn.dri/
He folded the clean laundry and put the dirty laundry in a basket.
V
to chase or follow someone or something.
pursue
/pɚˈsuː/
The mother pursued her young child down the hill.
adj
not wanting to do something.
reluctant
/rɪˈlʌk.tənt/
She was reluctant to say that she saw the robbery.
n
the part of a shirt in which arms go.
sleeve
/sliːv/
Ryan bought a new shirt with long sleeves to keep his arms warm.
n
the group of bones that run up and down the middle of the back.
spine
/spaɪn/
Our spine helps us to stand up nice and straight.
n
a dirty mark that is difficult to clean.
stain
/steɪn/
He had a red stain on the collar of his shirt.
n
a long, narrow piece of material or land.
strip
/strɪp/
He had long strips of film that held images of his trip abroad.
V
to promise to do something.
swear
/strɪp/
I will put my hand on the Bible and swear to do my best for the country.
V
to move something back and forth or from side to side.
swing
/swɪŋ/
He can swing a golf club very powerfully.
“swing - swung - swung /swʌŋ/”
