Book 1 Italy 1848-49

Question 1

Who did Charles Albert, king of Piedmont, join in a customs union and legal reform?

Answer 1

Pope Pius IX and Tuscany

Question 2

What was the Statuto?

Answer 2

A constitution granted by Charles Albert, King of Piedmont, in 1847.

Question 3

What did Pius IX do to incite crowds in Rome to chant ‘O sommo Pio’?

Answer 3

Release political prisoners

Question 4

1/3 of Austrian tax revenue came from which two wealthy Italian states?

Answer 4

Lombardy-Venetia

Question 5

What happened at Ferrara in 1847?

Answer 5

Austrian troops occupied the town causing the Pope to lodge a formal protest and asking the lord to bless ‘Italia’.

Question 6

What is subsistence farming?

Answer 6

Farming just enough food to feed oneself. In a good year any surplus may be sold at market.

Question 7

What caused maize and wheat prices to rise in 1847?

Answer 7

Europe wide harvest failure and shortages

Question 8

What was the average life expectancy in Naples in the 1840s?

Answer 8

24

Question 9

What did the Sicilians blame their rulers in Naples for in 1836?

Answer 9

Cholera outbreak that killed 65,000

Question 10

Which city did the Italian revolutions of 1848 break out in?

Answer 10

Palermo, Sicily

Question 11

Who were the lazzaroni?

Answer 11

Poor peasant masses of Naples

Question 12

The King of Naples was forced to withdraw from Sicily in 1848 and introduce a constitution. Who was he?

Answer 12

Ferdinand II

Question 13

Which two states followed Naples and introduced constitutions in February 1848?

Answer 13

Tuscany and the Papal States

Question 14

What type of monarchy did Charles Albert create in Piedmont?

Answer 14

Constitutional Monarchy

Question 15

Austria had problems at home too. There were uprisings in the capital city. What was the capital?

Answer 15

Vienna

Question 16

Where were ‘Five Glorious Days’?

Answer 16

Milan, Lombardy

Question 17

What did the ‘Five Glorious Days’ achieve in the short term?

Answer 17

Anti Austrian uprising causes General Radetzky to withdraw and gains an alliance with Piedmont

Question 18

Who set up the Venetian Republic known as the Republic of St Mark?

Answer 18

Daniel Manin

Question 19

What was Pius’ Allocution of April 1848?

Answer 19

Pius, afraid of upsetting Austria, publically stated that he did not support war, did not want to lead Italy and called Charles Albert an aggressor

Question 20

What do the Sicilians declare in April that isn’t very pro Italian Unification?

Answer 20

Sicilian independence

Question 21

After early military wins, how does Charles Albert show a lack of commitment to unity?

Answer 21

Refuses to accept recruits to his army that won’t swear loyalty to him. Garibaldi is refused.

Question 22

In which battle does Radetzky crush Charles Albert on 24th July?

Answer 22

Custozza, Lombardy

Question 23

The Piedmontese are expelled from Lombardy on the 11th August, what was the name of the armistice?

Answer 23

Armistice of Salasco

Question 24

Ferdinand crushes the uprising in Sicily, earning himself what nickname?

Answer 24

King Bomba

Question 25

Why does the Pope flee Rome in November 1848?

Answer 25

His anti-liberal PM, Count Rossi, is murdered by a mob

Question 26

Who set up the Costituente in Rome, which later created the Roman Republic?

Answer 26

Giuseppe Galletti

Question 27

Charles Albert attempted to fight the Austrians again in March 1849, but was defeated where?

Answer 27

Battle of Novara

Question 28

Name the 3 members of the Roman Triumvirate.

Answer 28

Mazzini, Armellini and Saffi

Question 29

List the liberal reforms introduced by the Roman Republic.

Answer 29

legal reform, slum clearance, ended press censorship, abolished the death penalty, removed church control of education, promised a constitution

Question 30

Who replaced Charles Albert when he abdicated in March 1849?

Answer 30

His son, Victor Emmanuel II

Question 31

Why did Louis Napoleon send 20,000 French troops to defeat the Roman Republic in April?

Answer 31

To help the Catholic Church and gain favour at home

Question 32

How long did General Giuseppe Garibaldi and the volunteer Republican army hold off the French?

Answer 32

2 months

Question 33

What was Piedmont’s punishment for supporting revolution against Austria?

Answer 33

Reparations of 65 million francs

Question 34

Which revolt was the last to fail?

Answer 34

Republic of Venice in August 1849 due to Cholera outbreaks and hunger

Question 35

Until what date did the French troops stay in Rome protecting the Pope?

Answer 35

1870