Boney Disorders Flashcards
What is osteoporosis?
A decrease in bone mass due to demineralization of calcium, more common in women after menopause, leading to brittle bones and potential compression fractures.
Can result in hyperkyphosis, or ‘humpback.’
What is osteomalacia?
The softening of bones due to a vitamin D deficiency in adults, affecting normal calcium absorption and potentially causing pseudofractures.
What is rickets?
The softening of bones due to a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in costochondral bumps called rachitic rosary and protrusion of the skin known as pigeon breast or pectus carinatum.
What is osteitis deformans?
Also known as Paget’s disease, it is characterized by an increase in bone density affecting the spine, skull, and pelvis in geriatric patients, with an unknown cause.
What is osteitis fibrosa cystica?
Also known as Von Reckinghausen’s disease of the bone, it causes osteolytic lesions of the bone.
What is osteopetrosis?
A condition characterized by an increase in bone density due to the inactivity of osteoclasts.
What is gout?
Also known as the ‘disease of kings,’ it is a defect in purine metabolism resulting in uric acid crystals in the joints, particularly the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe, known as podagia.
What is Osteoid osteoma?
A benign tumor of the femur and tibia, ages 10 to 25.
What is Osteoma?
A benign tumor of the skull, face, and sinus.
What is Enchondroma?
Made of cartilage; found in hands and feet.
What is Osteochondroma?
Found in the femur and tibia, males under the age of 25.
What is a Giant cell tumor?
Found in the femur and tibia, women between the ages of 20 and 40.
What is osteogenic sarcoma?
A type of bone cancer that typically occurs in the femur, tibia, or humerus in individuals aged 20 to 40.
What is chondrosarcoma?
A malignant tumor of cartilage, commonly found in the vertebrae, pelvis, ribs, femur, and tibia.
What is Ewing’s sarcoma?
A type of bone cancer found in the diaphysis of long bones of the lower extremities, primarily affecting males between 10 and 20.
What is multiple myeloma?
A cancer characterized by ‘punched-out lesions’ of the axial skeleton, commonly found in males between 50 and 70.
What are the common sites for osteosarcoma?
Typically found in the femur, tibia, or humerus.
What age group is most affected by osteosarcoma?
Individuals aged 20 to 40.
Where are chondrosarcomas commonly located?
In the vertebrae, pelvis, ribs, femur, and tibia.
What is the typical demographic for Ewing’s sarcoma?
Males between the ages of 10 and 20.
What are the characteristics of multiple myeloma?
‘Punched-out lesions’ of the axial skeleton in males between 50 and 70.
What is Osteoarthritis?
A degenerative joint disease characterized by wear and tear, decrease in joint space, and bone spurs.
What is Rheumatoid arthritis?
A chronic systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects the joint lining (pannus).
What is Ankylosing spondylitis?
A type of arthritis that causes sacroiliac joint and spine pain, especially at night.
What is Reiter’s syndrome?
Arthritis caused by venereal disease or intestinal disease.
What is avascular necrosis?
Avascular necrosis is caused by lack of blood supply.
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
Osteogenesis imperfecta is known as ‘brittle bone disease,’ caused by a defect in collagen production.
What is Charcot’s joint?
Charcot’s joint refers to destroyed joints resulting from syphilis, syringomyelia, or diabetes mellitus.
What is a complete fracture?
A total break through the bone.
What is an incomplete fracture?
A break that does not go completely through the bone.
What is a displaced fracture?
A situation in which the two broken ends are not aligned.
What is a nondisplaced fracture?
A situation in which the two broken ends stay in alignment.
What is an open or compound fracture?
Where the broken part of the bone protrudes through the skin.
What is a closed or simple fracture?
Where the broken bones do not protrude through the skin.
What is a greenstick fracture?
An incomplete fracture, usually seen in children.
What is an avulsion fracture?
The tearing away of bone from itself, caused by tendinous or ligamentous pulling due to forceful muscular contractions.
In children, this condition is called Osgood-Schlatter’s disease.
What is a simple fracture?
A fracture where the bone is broken but there is no puncture or open wound in the skin.
What is a compound fracture?
A fracture where the bone breaks and pierces through the skin.
What is a greenstick fracture?
An incomplete fracture usually seen in children, where the bone bends and cracks.
What is an avulsion fracture?
A fracture where a fragment of bone is torn away by a tendon or ligament.
What is a Colles’ fracture?
A distal radius fracture with posterior displacement.
What is a Smith’s fracture?
A distal radius fracture with anterior displacement.
What is a Chauffeur’s fracture?
Also known as a ‘backfire fracture,’ it is an avulsion fracture of the styloid process of the radius.
What is a Clay shoveler’s fracture?
An avulsion fracture of the spinous processes of either C6, C7, or T1.
What is a burst fracture?
A fracture that involves the vertebra being crushed and often results in fragments.
What is a Hangman’s fracture?
A fracture of C2, typically associated with high-speed deceleration injury.
What is a closed fracture?
A fracture where the bone is broken but the skin remains intact.
What is an open fracture?
A fracture where the bone breaks and there is an open wound in the skin.
