Diseases & Disorders Flashcards
Local Diseases
Affects one portion or a specific area of the body (localized) Ex. Athlete’s Foot
Systemic Disease
Affects the entire body. Ex. Multiple Sclerosis
Acute Disease
Begins quickly with signs and symptoms. Ex. Influenza
Subacute Disease
Disease that is between acute and chronic but not as severe as an acute condition. Ex. Subacute Thyroiditits
Chronic Disease
Starts slowly and lasts a long time. Ex. Epstein Barr Virus
Autoimmune Disease
Occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the body’s own cells. Ex. Rheumatoid arthritis
Cancerous Disease
Mutations or abnormalities of cells and the cells grow uncontrollably. These cells can spread (metastasize) and affect other organs. Ex. Malignant Melanoma
Degenerative Disease
‘Wear & tear’. This can be a result of overuse syndrom, repetitive stress, or the aging process. Ex. Osteoarthritis
Deficiency Disease
Occurs when there is an insufficient diatary intake or malabsorption of nutrients, minerals or vitamins. Ex. Pernicious Anemia
Genetic Diseases
Caused by abnormality in the cell’s genetic code. Also referred to as hereditary diseases as they run in families. Ex. Sickle Cell Anemia
Communicable Disease
Caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. Transmitted by animals and people. Ex. Pharyngitis
Metabolic Disease
Disrupts normal chemical reactions that occur in the body. Ex. Graves disease/hyperthyroidism
Disorder Definition
A dysfunction of normal bodily functions resulting in a disruption of homeostasis
Traumatic Disorders
An injury that physically disrupts the normal workings of the body. Ex. Fractures/skin abrasions
Clinical Disease
Condition that presents with signs and symptoms
Sub-Clinical Disease
Does not present with signs or symptoms. Not CLINICALLY apparent
Carriers
A person who colonizes a disease but does not exhibit any signs or symptoms and may even have negative labs. This person can still be contagious
Syndrome
A number of signs and symptoms that together present a certain type of disease or abnormal condition. Ex. Down Syndrome
Disease-Causing Agents
Any pollutant or microorganism that can cause an infection. Ex. Bacteria, viruses, prions, fungi, parasites and protozoa
Pathogen
Disease Causing Agent
Bacteria
Most are harmless to humans (normal flora). Points of entry include:
1. Ingesting improperly prepared foods (salmonella)
2. Inhaling when an infected person coughs or sneezes (TB)
3. Contact with an infected person or object (Impetigo)
Viruses
“Non-living” biological entities. Need a host cell to replicate. Viruses contain DNA or RNA but never both. Some attach to the molecules on the plasma membrane of host cell, others attach directly to the plasma membrane or cell wall & inject nucleic acid into the nucleus of the cell
Prions
Very small substance made up of a protein that contains no nucleic acid. This can replicate and cause infection
Fungi
Few are harmful to humans. Can be person to person or object to person. Ex. Thrush
Protists
Parasites that can live in our bodies. Transmitted by contaminated food, water, or fecal matter (dysentery), insect to human (malaria), or human to human (STI)
Protozoa
Contaminated food or water
