Pathophysiology Flashcards
Anatomy
The study of body structures (ex.heart)
Physiology
The study of the functions and tasks of the body structures (ex.heart pumping blood filled with oxygen to cells and tissues)
Homeostasis
“steady state”/equilibrium of the body when the metabolism and other body structures are functioning properly
Systems that maintain Homeostasis (2)
Endocrine System and the Nervous System
What disrupts Homeostasis?
A disease process/stress or stressors (infection)
Integumentary System
The integument (skin) and structures derived from it (hair, nails, oil sweat glands).
Function: Protects the body, regulates temp, and eliminates waste & certain stimuli (tactile, temp, pain)
Skeletal System
Bones, cartilage & ligaments (which steady the bones at the joint). Function: Provides body support and protection, permits movement and leverage, produces blood cells & stores minerals
Muscular System
Skeletal muscles of the body and their tendonous attachments
Function: Effects body movement, maintains posture, and protects body heat
Nervous System
Brain, spinal cord,nerves, and sensory organs such as the eye and the ears.
Function: Detects and responds to changes in internal and external environments, enable reasoning and memory, and regulates body activity
Endocrine System
Hormone-producing glands
Function: Controls and integrates body function via hormones secreted into the bloodstream
Digestive System
The body organs that render ingested food as absorbable
Function: Mechanically and chemically breaks down food for cellular use and eliminated undigested waste
Respiratory System
Body organs concerned with the movement of respiratory gases (O2 & CO2) to and from the pulmonary blood (blood within the lungs)
Function: Supplies oxygen to the blood and eliminates carbon dioxide. Also helps regulate acid-base balance
Circulatory System
The heart and the vessels that carry blood or blood constituents (lymph) through the body
Function: Transports respiratory gases, nutrients, waste, and hormones. Protects against diseases and fluid loss. Helps regulate body temp and acid-base balance
Urinary system
Organs that operate to remove wastes from the blood and eliminate urine from the body.
Function: Removes waste from the blood and regulates chemical composition volume, and electrolyte balance of the blood. Helps maintain the acid-base balance
Male and Female Reproductive Systems
Organs that produce, store and transport reproductive cells (gametes, or sperm and ova)
Function: Reproduce the organism and produce sex hormones
Symptoms
Subjective findings. Cannot be measure by an examiner, only informed by patient’s description. (cannot measure pain)
Signs
Objective findings. Can be measured by an examiner. (high blood pressure)
