Bones, Joints And Terminology Of Movement (1) Flashcards
What makes up the axial skeleton and its role?
- Skull
- Vertebral column
- Rib cage
- Protection and support
What is the role of bone?
- Support
- Protect
- Shape
- Movement (attachment for muscle/levers)
- Haemopoiesis (red marrow)
- Mineral storage (bone matrix)
- Lipid storage (yellow marrow)
What consists of the appendicular skeleton and its role?
- Upper limb: shoulder girdle, arms, hands
- Lower limb: pelvic girdle, legs, feet
- Mobility
What are the processes to form long bone?
- Diaphysis (Primary ossification centre)
- Epiphysis (Secondary ossification centre)
- Metaphysis in between
- Between Metaphysis and epiphysis = epiphyseal growth plate
- Apophysis
What are the 3 different types of joints?
- Fibrous: don’t move (fixed/immovable) - long bones/flat bones - skull/gums
- Cartilaginous: synchodroses (primary cartilaginous) - hyaline cartilage connections. Symphyses (secondary cartilaginous) - fibrocartilagenous
- Synovial: synovial membrane and fluid - articular cartilage/hyaline
What are the 5 different types of synovial?
- Hinge: allows flexion and extension
- Saddle: concave and convex joint surfaces
- Pivot: allows rotation
- Condyloid: permits flexion, extension, addiction, abduction and circumduction
- Ball and socket: allows several axes of movement
How is stability given to joints?
- Articulating surfaces
- Ligaments
- Muscles/muscle tone.
What are the following:
- Tuberosity
- Tubercle
- Spinous process
- Trochanter
- Tuberosity: roughened, rounded elevation
- Tubercle: smaller elevation
- Spinous process: slender projection
- Trochanter: large projection of femur
What are the following:
- Condyle
- Epicondyle
- Facet
- Crest
- Condyle: large prominence/rounded surface
- Epicondyle: smaller prominence above a condyle
- Facet: flattened surface for joint/muscle attachment
- Crest: Ridge
What are the following:
- Sinus
- Meatus
- Fossa
- Fonamen
- Sinus: hollow space
- Meatus: tunnel/canal
- Fossa: depression
- Fonamen: hole/opening
What are the following:
- Fissure
- Notch
- Fissure: cleft/narrow slit
- Notch: large groove
What is the sagittal plane?
- Cut from front (anterior) to back (posterior)
What is the transverse plane?
- Horizontally
What is the coronal plane?
- Cut perpendicular to sagittal, cross section from face on.
What is the name of the palm and upper surface of the hands and feet?
- Palm: palmar surface
- Upper surface: dorsal
- Sole: plantar surface
What is the median sagittal plane?
- Cut straight down centre of body
What are the edges closest to median sagittal plane (MSP) called?
- Medial border
What are the edges furthest from the MSP?
- Lateral border
What are the areas closest to the origin of limb called?
- Proximal
What are the areas furthest from the origin of limb called?
- Distal
What is flexion?
- Decreasing angle to body
What is extension?
- Increasing angle to body
What is abduction?
- Away from body
What is adduction?
- Towards the body
