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Anatomia 1 (2013) > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft (bara) dia = through physis = growth

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2
Q

Epiphyses

A

bone ends epi = upon physis = growth

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3
Q

physis

A

growth ex. Epiphyses, diaphysis

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4
Q

dia

A

through ex. diaphysis

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5
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

Hyal = glass, transparent most abundant. Chondrocytes = spherical Fiber type in matrix = collagen fibers

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6
Q

Hyaline Cart. locations

A

Articular cartilages Costal cartilages Respiratory cartilages (larynx) Nasal Cartilages

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7
Q

mast

A

stuffed full granules ex. mast cells = cytoplasm contains secretory granules

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8
Q

connective tissue (immature & mature cells)

A

fibroblast fibrocytes

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9
Q

cartilage (immature & mature cells)

A

chondroblasts chondrocytes

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10
Q

bone (immature & mature cells)

A

osteoblast osteocyte

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11
Q

blood (immature cells)

A

hematopoietic stem cell = undifferentiated blast cells (don’t make fluid matrix or plasma, and aren’t located in blood) Location = bone marrow

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12
Q

fascia

A

a bond. a fibrous membrane that wraps around muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, nerves. ex. found in dense regular connective tissue forms fascia

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13
Q

condyle

A

knob at the end of bone

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14
Q

epicondyle

A

projection above condyle (knob at the end of bone)

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15
Q

petrous

A

rocky petrous part = (part of temporal bone –> next to carotid canal) middle and internal ear cavities, which contains sensory receptors for hearing & balance.

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16
Q

zygoma

A

cheekbone ex. zygomatic process + zygomatic bone = zygomatic arch

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17
Q

external ear canal

A

external acustic meatus

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18
Q

external acustic meatus

A

external ear canal

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19
Q

mastoid process

A

part of the temporal bone.

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19
Q

ethmos

A

sieve (colador, tamiz) Ethmoid bone

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20
Q

Harvesian canal

A

Place for BV and nerve fibers

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21
Q

Volkmann’s canal

A

Connect the blood and nerve supply of periosteum to those in the central canals and medullary cavity

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22
Q

Angle

A

Curved landmark Function. To stop the mouth to open too widely Ex. Mandible angle

23
Q

Condyle

A

Rounded articular projection. Function = helps to form joints Ex. Mandible condyle

24
Q

Facet

A

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface Function = helps to form joints Ex. Ribs. Vertebrae (superior costal facet

25
Q

Head

A

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck Function = helps to form joints Ex. Ribs (head of rib)

26
Q

Ramus

A

Arm like of bone Function = helps to form joints Ex. Mandible

27
Q

Groove

A

Furrow (surco, ranura) For passage of blood vessels & nerves Ex. Mandible

28
Q

Fissure

A

Narrow slit like opening For passage of blood vessels & nerves Ex. Inferior orbital fissure

29
Q

Depressions & openings For passage of blood vessels & nerves

A

Groove Fissure Foramen Notch Meatus Sinus Fossa

30
Q

Projections that help to form Joints

A

Head Facet Condyle Ramus

31
Q

Projections that are sites of Muscle and Ligament Attachment

A

Tuberosity

Crest

Throcanter

Line

Tubercle

Epicondyle

Spine

Process

32
Q

Tuberosity

Crest

Throcanter

Line

Tubercle

Epicondyle

Spine

Process

A

Tuberosity = large rounded projection; may be roughened (hip, ischial spine)

Crest = narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent (hip, iliac crest)

Throcanter = very large, blunt irregular shaped process (only in femur)

Line = narrow ridge of bone, less prominent than a crest Tubercle = small round projection or process (abductor tubercle)

Epicondyle = raised area on or above a condyle (medial epicondyle)

Spine = sharp, slender, often pointed projection ( spinous process)

Process = any bony prominence ( zygomatic process)

33
Q

Head Facet Condyle Ramus

A

Head = bony expansion on a narrow neck (ribs) Facet = smooth almost flat articular surface (transverse costal facet) Condyle = rounded articular projection (occipital condyle for atlas to move & nod “yes”) Ramus = arm like of bone (mandible)

34
Q

Groove Fissure Foramen Notch Meatus Sinus Fossa

A

Groove = furrow (narrow depression) (mandible) Fissure = narrow slit like opening (inferior orbital fissure Foramen = round or oval opening (mental foramen) Notch = indentation at the edge of a structure (supraorbital notch) Meatus = canal like passageway (internal acoustic meatus) Sinus = cavity within the bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane (frontal sinus) Fossa = shallow basin like depression in a Bone, often serving as an articular surface

35
Q

Interstitial lamellae

A

lying between intact osteons. 1. Fill gaps between osteons 2. Remnants of osteons from bone remodeling.

36
Q

Lacunae

A

lac = hollow; una = little space occupy by osteocytes

37
Q

Canaliculi

A

connect the lacunae to each other and to the central canal

Forms? tissue fluid and osteocyte extensions

Function? 1) communication 2) permits nutrients and waste from osteocytes and the osteon

38
Q

Circumferential lamellae

A

Effectively resist twisting of the long bone.

Located just deep to PERIOSTEUM and superficial to ENDOSTEUM

39
Q

Trabeculae bone

A

Little beams (pequeno rayo)

Honeycomb of small needle-like or flat pieces called trabeculae

40
Q

Periosteum

A

Peri = around, osteon = bone

made of osteogenic cells

Glistening white, double layered membrane. Covers the external surface of bone except the joint surface.

Anchoring points for tendons and ligaments.

41
Q

Sharpey’s fibers

A

Tuft (mechon) of collagen fibers.

Secure the periosteum to the bone.

42
Q

Endosteum

A

“Within the bone”

Covers internal bone surface.

made of osteogenic cells

In Spongy bone = covers the trabeculae

in Compact bone = covers the canals (Harvesian canal)

43
Q
  1. Spongy bone (alternative name)
  2. Spongy bone (alternative name for flat bones)
  3. Spongy bone arrangement
A
  1. Trabecular bone (honeycomb of small needle like or flat pieces)
  2. Diploe
  3. irregular arranged lamellae and osteocytes conecte by canaliculi. It doesn’t have osteons
44
Q

Bone Matrix composition

A

25% water - Inorganic

25% (collagen fibers, proteoglycans, glycoproteins) - Organic

50%-65% Crystalized mineral salts (hydroxapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) - deposited by osteoblasts - Inorganic

45
Q

Cranium bones (8)

Bones with sinus

A

Frontal = 1 (sinus)

Parietal = 2

Temporal = 2

Occipital = 1

Sphenoid = 1 (sinus)

Ethmoid = 1 (sinus)

46
Q

Facial bones (14)

Facial bones with sinus

A

Maxilla = 2 (sinus)

Zygomatic = 2

Mandible = 1

Nasal = 2

Palatine = 2 (fused)

Vomer = 1

Lacrimal = 2

Inferior Nasal Concha = 2

47
Q

Auditory bones (6)

A

Malleus = 2 (hammer-shaped ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus)

Incus = 2 ( small anvil-shaped bone in the middle ear = yunque)

stapes = 2 (stirrup bone in the middle ear = stribo, foot rest para el jinete)

48
Q

Cytoskeleton (filaments and fibers)

A
  1. Microfilament = 8nm (actin subunit) Double Helix
  2. Microtubule = 25nm (tubulin or protein subunits) Helical lattice
  3. Intermediate filament = 10nm (threadlike units) tetramer subunits
49
Q

Fontanelles (SPAM)

A

Sphenoidal fontanelle

Posterior fontanelle

Anterior fontanelle

Mastoid fontanelle

50
Q

Haematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

From Bone Marrow

A

Multipotenttial stem cell

  1. Lymphoid progenitor cell => B lymphocytes + T Lymphocytes + NK cell
  2. Myeloid progenitor cell = > RBC + Platelets + Monocyte/ Macrophage + Eosinophil + Basophil + Neutrophil
51
Q

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

(from Bone Marrow)

A

mesos “middle” + enkhuma “infusion”

  1. Osteocyte
  2. Chondrocyte
  3. Muscle cell
  4. Stromal cell (connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue.)
  5. Fibroblast
53
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

is a plate of hyaline cartilage that allows bones to grow in length.

54
Q

Skeletal System (composition)

A
  1. Bones (skeleton)
  2. Ligaments (bone to bone)
  3. Joints (articulation)
  4. Cartillages (give flexibility to bone)
  5. Tendon (Bone to muscle)
55
Q

Skeletal System (Functions)

A
  1. Support (structural framework)
  2. Mineral homeostasis (Ca, Phosphorus)
  3. Site of blood cell production (hematopoieses = RBC, WBC, platelets)
  4. Storage of fats (chemical energy)
  5. Protection (internal organs)

Anatomia 1 (2013) (10 decks)

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